earthquake scaling laws for the 2000 dike at miyakejima ......earthquake scaling laws for the 2000...
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Earthquake scaling laws for the 2000 dike Earthquake scaling laws for the 2000 dike at Miyakejima (Japan) andat Miyakejima (Japan) and
relation to stress changes and focal relation to stress changes and focal mechanisms.mechanisms.
Luigi Passarelli (1)
Eleonora Rivalta(1)
Simone Cesca(1) Yosuke Aoki(2)
(1) GFZ Potsdam(2) ERI, University of Tokyo
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Motivation: Expected focal mechanisms during volcanic swarms
Belachew et al., 2012
Manda Hararo dikes
Belachew et al., 2012
Manda Hararo dikes
Izu peninsula dike
Ukawa and Tsukahara 1996
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Motivation: Expected focal mechanisms during volcanic swarms
Hill, 1977
Passarelli et al 2015 submitted JGR
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Motivation: Expected b-values during volcanic swarms
Jacobs and McNutt, USGS pp 1769
Pre-eruptive Earthquake Swarm at Augustine Volcano 2005–2006
✔ Marked deviation from GR for largest magnitudes
✔ 2 different GR distributions
✔ Is GR a good model for volcanic seismicity?
LP events at Mt Etna and Turrialba volcanoes
Bean et al 2014
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Motivation: Expected b-values during volcanic swarms
Seismic b-values in volcanic areas have large variability.
Influenced by:
State of stress:● Stress (Scholz, 1968, Schorlemmer, 2005), ● Thermal stresses ● Pore pressure (Wyss, 1973)
Material heterogeneities:● Fracture density (Mogi, 1962)● Material rheology (Amitrano, 2003, Bean et al., 2013)● Limited thickness of competent rock layers (Becker et al., 2012)
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The 2000 dike intrusion at Miyakejima, Japan
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Seismicity and Focal mechanisms (FMs)
Hypocenters catalog (JMA) Ml>1.5, FM catalog (NIED) Mw>3
Passarelli et al 2015 JGR in press
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Seismicity: Cross-section
Seismic data courtesy of JMA
Ml>6
Passarelli et al 2015 JGR in press
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Migration of the seismicityPropagation phase M
l>6
Seismic data courtesy of JMA
Thickening phase
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Focal mechanisms: Clustering results
Passarelli et al 2015 JGR in press
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Focal mechanisms: Clustering results
Passarelli et al 2015 JGR in pressDike strike
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Spatio-Temporal distribution of FMs
● Strike-slip sets (red and cyan) activate at the intrusion start● Normal faulting sets (dark blue and orange) occur at the center of the cloud,
activate 2 days later and peak after dike arrest
Passarelli et al 2015 JGR in press
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Depth of Focal Mechanisms
Passarelli et al 2015 JGR in press
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Coulomb stress changes around the dike edges
Free surface
Dike upper tip
Dikepopagatingtip
Passarelli et al 2015 JGR in press
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Focal Mechanisms induced by dike stress
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Frequency-magnitude distribution
Passarelli et al 2015 JGR in press
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Conclusions
✔ Frequency-Magnitude distribution deviates from GR only for NF (lack of large
events):
➔ Finiteness of the seismogenic layer on top of the dike (HET)
➔ Weakness of the shallow layer and presence of magmatic fluids limit accumulation of stress (HET+ STRESS) ➢ Fractures cannot grow large
✔ T-axes all consistent with local stress field and dike-induced tension.
✔ All possible P-axes (given T-axis)
→ FMs spatially consistent with dike-induced stresses: strike-slip off dike tips, normal faulting on top of dike (with all intermediate possible FMs)
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Conclusions
Thank you
✔ Frequency-Magnitude distribution deviates from GR only for NF (lack of large
events):
➔ Finiteness of the seismogenic layer on top of the dike (HET)
➔ Weakness of the shallow layer and presence of magmatic fluids limit accumulation of stress (HET+ STRESS) ➢ Fractures cannot grow large
✔ T-axes all consistent with local stress field and dike-induced tension.
✔ All possible P-axes (given T-axis)
→ FMs spatially consistent with dike-induced stresses: strike-slip off dike tips, normal faulting on top of dike (with all intermediate possible FMs)
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Passarelli et al 2015 JGR in press
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Passarelli et al 2015 JGR in press
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Focal Mechanisms induced by dike stress