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European Commission

Special Eurobarometer 370

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Social Climate

REPORT

Fieldwork: June 2011

Publication: October 2011

This survey has been requested by the Directorate-General Employment and co-ordinated by Directorate-General for Communication (DG COMM “Research and Speechwriting” Unit). http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

Special Eurobarometer 370

Social Climate

Conducted by TNS Opinion & Social at the request of

the European Commission's Directorate-General for

Employment

Survey co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for

Communication

SP

EC

IAL

EU

RO

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 370 “Social Climate”

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY .............................................................5

1. PERSONAL SITUATION .............................................................................10

1.1 General life situation ....................................................................... 10 1.2 Residential area.............................................................................. 17 1.3 Personal job situation...................................................................... 22 1.4 Household financial situation ............................................................ 29 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................... 35

2. GENERAL SITUATION IN THE COUNTRY....................................................36

2.1 Economic situation......................................................................... 36 2.2 Employment situation..................................................................... 43 2.3 Cost of living................................................................................. 50 2.4 Affordability of energy .................................................................... 55 2.5 Affordability of housing................................................................... 60 2.6 The way the public administration is run ........................................... 65 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................... 70

3. SOCIAL PROTECTION AND INCLUSION .....................................................71

3.1 Health care provision ..................................................................... 71 3.2 Provision of pensions...................................................................... 76 3.3 Unemployment benefits .................................................................. 81 3.4 Relations between people from different cultural backgrounds.............. 86 3.5 The way inequalities and poverty are addressed................................. 91 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................... 96

THREE AGGREGATE MEASURES OF THE SOCIAL CLIMATE..............................97

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................102

ANNEXES

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

QUESTIONNAIRE

TABLES


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LIST OF FIGURES

Personal Situation……………………………………………………………………………………….12

Figure 1: Your life in general - Score cards (index table, showing the evolutions)...............12

Figure 2: Your life in general - SD tables (index table, showing the evolutions)..................14

Figure 3: Life satisfaction in general - Trend line ............................................................15

Figure 4: Expectations for the next twelve months regarding the life in general - Trend line 16

Figure 5: The area you live in - Score cards (index table, showing the evolutions) .............18

Figure 6: The area you live in - SD tables (index table, showing the evolutions) ................20

Figure 7: Your personal job situations - Score cards (index table, showing the evolutions) 23

Figure 8: Your personal job situations - SD tables (index table, showing the evolutions) ....26

Figure 9: Expectations for the next twelve months regarding the personal job situation -

Trend line...................................................................................................................28

Figure 10: The financial situation of your household - Score cards (index table, showing

evolutions) .................................................................................................................30

Figure 11: The financial situation of your household - SD tables (index table, showing

evolutions) .................................................................................................................32

Figure 12: Expectations for the next twelve months regarding the financial situation of the

household - Trend line .................................................................................................34

General Situation........................................................................................37 Figure 13: The economic situation in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index table, showing

evolutions) .................................................................................................................37

Figure 14: The economic situation in (OUR COUNTRY) - SD tables (index table, showing

evolutions) .................................................................................................................40

Figure 15: Expectations for the next twelve months regarding the economic situation in (OUR

COUNTRY) - Trend line.................................................................................................42

Figure 16: The employment situation in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index table, showing

evolutions) .................................................................................................................44

Figure 17: The employment situation in (OUR COUNTRY) - SD tables (index table, showing

evolutions) .................................................................................................................47

Figure 18: Expectations for the next twelve months regarding the employment situation in

(OUR COUNTRY) - Trend line ........................................................................................49

Figure 19: The cost of living in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index tables, showing

evolutions) .................................................................................................................51

Figure 20: The cost of living in (OUR COUNTRY) - SD tables (index table, showing the

evolutions) .................................................................................................................53

Figure 21: How affordable energy is in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index table, showing

evolutions) - Score cards (index table, showing evolutions) ..............................................56

Figure 22: How affordable energy is in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index table, showing

evolutions) - SD tables (index tables, showing evolutions)................................................58

Figure 23: How affordable housing is in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index tables, showing

evolutions) - Score cards (index tables, showing evolutions).............................................61

Figure 24: How affordable housing is in (OUR COUNTRY) - SD tables (index tables, showing



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Figure 25: The way public administration runs in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index

tables, showing evolutions) - Score cards (index tables, showing evolutions) ......................66

Figure 26: The way public administration runs in (OUR COUNTRY) - SD tables (index table,

showing the evolutions) - SD tables (index table, showing the evolutions)..........................68

Social Protection and inclusion...................................................................72 Figure 27: Health care provision in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index tables, showing

evolutions) .................................................................................................................72

Figure 28: Health care provision in (OUR COUNTRY) - SD tables (index tables, showing

evolutions) .................................................................................................................74

Figure 29: The provision of pensions in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index tables, showing

evolutions) .................................................................................................................77

Figure 30: The provision of pensions in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index tables, showing


Figure 31: Unemployment benefits in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index tables, showing

evolutions) .................................................................................................................82

Figure 32: Unemployment benefits in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards (index tables, showing

evolutions) - SD tables (index tables, showing evolutions)) ..............................................84

Figure 33: Relations in (OUR COUNTRY) between people from different cultural or religious

backgrounds or nationalities - Score cards (index tables, showing evolutions).....................87

Figure 34: Relations in (OUR COUNTRY) between people from different cultural or religious

backgrounds or nationalities - SD tables (index tables, showing evolutions)........................89

Figure 35: The way inequalities and poverty are addressed in (OUR COUNTRY) - Score cards

(index tables, showing evolutions).................................................................................92

Figure 36: The way inequalities and poverty are addressed in (OUR COUNTRY) - SD tables

(index tables, showing evolutions).................................................................................94

Overall country ranking of the current situation.........................................98 Figure 37: Overall country ranking of the current situation..............................................98


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INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY

Europe is still in a state of flux. The impact of the 2008 financial and economic crisis

is still being felt, with bouts of speculation in relation to various EU Member States –

and predictions of further economic problems making the headlines for every piece of

good news about recovery.

In addition to this, there has been a renewed focus on environmental problems,

resource use and the associated impact upon utility costs and people’s individual

financial situations. Property prices continue to fluctuate, the employment situation

remains unsteady and societal unrest continues.

However, compared to the situation of one year ago, the economic context of the EU

has evolved: although the rate of growth fluctuates, on a regular basis and from

Member State to Member State, EU27 Gross Domestic Product increased by 0.8

percentage points during the first quarter of 2011 and is up by as much as +2.5

points1 on a year-on-year basis. Furthermore, unemployment fell from 9.7% in April

2010 to 9.4% in April 20112. While a return to the situation prior to the crisis of

autumn 2008 has not yet occurred, some improvement has been observed.

However, instability continues to predominate, and the impact of the crisis is still felt

in the European Union. Individual Member States, of course, are experiencing

varying degrees of change themselves – both positive and negative.

This special Eurobarometer survey on the social climate gives answers to the

following questions: how does this state of change affect the European public? How

are European citizens responding to this changing economic situation? What is the

impact on their daily lives?

This survey is the third of its kind to be conducted in the EU, following on from those

conducted in 2009 and 2010. The Eurobarometer survey at hand intends to uncover

these opinions and see whether or not there have been any changes since the last

wave of analysis, in 2010. Around 1,000 people have been interviewed in each

country3. This survey not only measures how Europeans perceive the current

recession and its social impact, but also reveals interesting differences between

countries which seem to reflect the strengths and weaknesses of national policies

and institutions.

The European Commission, through the EU2020 strategy and various other

initiatives, is taking steps towards improving the quality of life for citizens in its

Member States – steps which have an immediate effect, as well as working towards

long-term goals. Has this effort filtered through to the European population?

1 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/2-13052011-AP/EN/2-13052011-AP-EN.PDF 2 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/3-31052011-BP/EN/3-31052011-BP-EN.PDF 3 1000 per country except in Germany (1,500); United Kingdom (1,300); Luxembourg (500); Republic of Cyprus (500) and Malta (500).


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Furthermore, this survey focuses on the local as well as the trans-national.

Respondents have been asked to judge their own feelings of quality of life relating to

the area in which they live, as well as commenting on the general situation.

Healthcare, employment, housing, general social concerns and the economic

situation have all been considered.

Levels of optimism and the perception of change are assessed, alongside the

evolution of opinion from the last waves of research. The survey consists of groups

of questions, which break down as follows:

1. The first group concerns the personal situation of the respondents including

their satisfaction with life in general, with the area where they live, with their

personal job situation and with the financial situation of their households.

2. The second set covers the general situation of the country and includes the

cost of living, the affordability of energy and of housing, the quality of public

administration, and the general employment and economic situation.

3. The third set focuses on social protection and social inclusion in the country

and contains questions on health care provision, pensions, unemployment benefits,

the way inequalities and poverty are addressed and relations between people from

different cultural or religious backgrounds.

Some of the 15 items tested in this survey correspond to long-term trend questions

of the Eurobarometer at personal level (life in general, financial situation of the

household and personal job situation) and at country level (economic situation and

employment situation). Only “current satisfaction with life in general” has been

asked since 1973 in the context of Eurobarometer surveys (scale satisfied/not

satisfied). The other items have been asked only since 1995 as expectations trends

using another scale (better/worse).

First and foremost, in this report, we analyse a mean index score, measured from

+10 to -10, compared to the analysis of mean index scores and percentage scores

seen in last year’s report. This index score indicates the balance of opinion in each

country, where +10 corresponds to the highest possible degree of satisfaction and

-10 corresponds to the lowest. Scored in this manner, QB1 and QB2 represent the

respondents’ level of satisfaction with the current situation4.

4 The indexes for the current situation (QB1 and QB2) are calculated at individual level and based on weighted data. In this calculation the answer categories were given a weight between 0 and 3: “very satisfied" / "very good” = 3, “fairly satisfied” / "rather good" = 2, “not very satisfied” / "rather bad" = 1 and “not at all satisfied” / "very bad" = 0. The answer category “don’t know” was not taken into account. The new scale ranging between 0 and 3 was converted into a scale from -10 to +10, following these steps: 1/ The values are divided by 3, and multiplied by 20: we have now a scale that goes from 0 to +20. 2/ Then 10 is subtracted from each of them: the resulting four values are: -10; -3.33; +3.33; +10.


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For questions QB3 and QB5, the survey measured expectations for the coming twelve

months and how things have changed over the last five years. Here, a better-worse

index is used, and we analyse the proportion of responses answering better

(QB3)/improved (QB4), minus the proportion answering worse (QAB)/got worse

(QB4): this index can potentially range from -100 to +100. A positive index means

that the proportion of people who believe that things have got better/will get better

outweighs the proportion of those who think things have got or will get worse. We

also present the percentage of respondents who answered that things will stay the

same (QB3)/ stayed about the same (QB4): this gives us an idea of the degree of

belief that the situation has not changed over the last 5 years, or will stay the same

during the next twelve months.

This approach allows us to establish a single figure to describe the situation for each

dimension tackled in the survey. Although a single figure gives us a good insight into

the overall situation, it also simplifies a possibly very complex picture into a single

score. For example, while a score approaching 0 could describe a situation in which

about half of respondents were strongly dissatisfied and half strongly satisfied, it

could equally indicate a large and balanced number of moderate responses. In this

report, we therefore focus on these indexes and on evolutions for each index since

the first wave of this report. For each dimension, we present one scorecard with the

different results measured in this survey for the EU as a whole, and for each of the

countries surveyed:

- Evaluation of the current situation (QB1 and QB2): the index measured in this

wave / the evolution of the index since the previous wave (EB75.4-EB73.5).

- Situation compared with 5 years ago (QB4): the index measured in this wave

/ the proportion of respondents answering “the same” in this wave / the

evolution of the index since the previous wave (EB75.4-EB73.5).

- Expectations for the coming 12 months (QB3): the index measured in this

wave / the proportion of respondents answering “the same” in this wave / the

evolution of the index since the previous wave (EB75.4-EB73.5).

* * *

5 The better-worse index was created by calculating the difference in percentage points between the two extreme answer categories of QB3 (“better” - “worse”) and QB4 ("improved" - "got worse"). This brings us to an index on a scale from -100 to +100. Please note that the neutral answer categories and the "don't know" responses were not taken into account when calculating this index. The overall results (in %), on the basis of which both indexes have been created, are annexed to this report.


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The results of this report come from the special Eurobarometer no. 370 conducted by

TNS Opinion & Social network between 4 and 19 June 2011. All interviews were

conducted face-to-face in people’s homes and in the appropriate national languages.

The methodology is consistent with that used in Standard Eurobarometer polls

managed by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Communication

(‘Public Opinion and Speechwriting’ unit). A technical note on the manner in which

interviews were conducted is appended as an annex to this report. This note

indicates the interview methods and the confidence intervals.

To ensure that the sample is representative, all national results provided in this

study are weighted according to standard socio-demographic characteristics. Scores

for the EU average are weighted according to country size in order to ensure an

accurate representation of public opinion in the EU.

*****

The Eurobarometer web site can be consulted at the following address:

http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm

We wish to thank the people throughout the

European Union who have given their time to take part in this survey.

Without their active participation, this survey would not have been possible.


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In this report, the countries are represented by their official abbreviations. The

abbreviations used in this report correspond to:

ABBREVIATIONS

EU27 European Union – 27 Member States

DK Don’t know

BE Belgium

BG Bulgaria

CZ Czech Republic

DK Denmark

DE Germany

EE Estonia

EL Greece

ES Spain

FR France

IE Ireland

IT Italy

CY Republic of Cyprus

LT Lithuania

LV Latvia

LU Luxembourg

HU Hungary

MT Malta

NL The Netherlands

AT Austria

PL Poland

PT Portugal

RO Romania

SI Slovenia

SK Slovakia

FI Finland

SE Sweden

UK United Kingdom


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1. PERSONAL SITUATION

In this section, we examine levels of satisfaction in the various Member States, and

other general indicators of respondents’ personal situations, with questions designed

to assess Europeans’ opinions on these matters. Respondents’ ratings of the current

situation, whether they think it is better or worse than five years ago and

expectations for the coming twelve months are presented item by item, and

compared with last year’s findings.

Sections of this report frequently draw a distinction between countries: this has been

done on a purely geographical basis and no political conclusions are intended to be

drawn from this analysis.

1.1 General life situation (QB1; QB4_1; QB3_16)

The overall picture regarding Europeans’ evaluation of their life in general is positive,

although not overwhelmingly so, with a slight increase from the last wave of

analysis. As in last year’s survey, the situation now compared to five years ago

appears to have worsened, although there is a modest degree of optimism relating to

respondents’ impression of the situation as it develops over the next twelve months.

Compared to the 2010 survey, these two last indicators have progressed slightly.

Regarding the evaluation of the current life situation, an EU27 average of 3.5 on the

scale indicates some positive feeling – particularly as there has been a slight rise of

0.4 points on the last wave of analysis.

A score of -2 on the better/worse index indicates that EU citizens feel as if their life

situation is slightly worse compared to five years ago – although there is some

indication that things are improving, as this represents an increase of three points on

the previous survey (which itself registered a decline of -2 from the one previous to

that, in May 2009).

Expectations for the next twelve months are higher – +12 points on the better/worse

index, which itself represents a positive evolution of +3 from the last survey. EU

citizens are optimistic – and the levels of optimism are growing, reflecting perhaps

the fluctuations of the economic situation in the EU.

6 QB1 - On the whole, are you satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with the life you lead? QB3.1 - What are your expectations for the next twelve months; will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to…? Your life in general, QB4.1 - Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? Your life in general.


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There is a proportion of answers which state that things will stay the same – more so

in relation to the next twelve months than to the last five years (57% compared to

41%). This has an impact on the better/worse index – indicating that positivity for

the next twelve months is not unanimous, with “the same” answers forming the

majority of opinion.


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Figure 1: QB1, QB4.1 and QB3.1 – Score cards (index table, showing the evolutions)

The current situation index is measured on a scale from -10 to +10.

The better-worse indexes are measured on a scale from -100 to +100.


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Country-by-country analysis indicates that there are some real differences in opinion

between Member States, with a similar geographic grouping at the top and bottom

ends of the table. The evaluation of the current life situation was ranked highly by

the Nordic and Benelux Member States, the UK and Ireland, which take up the first

eight places on the list. Denmark scored 7.5; Sweden 6.8; Finland 5.8; the

Netherlands 6.5; Luxembourg 6.2; and Belgium 5.1; Ireland 5.7 and the UK 5.2.

Cyprus and Malta also rank highly (5.1 and 4.6 respectively).

The bottom end of the table is mainly occupied by Baltic, Eastern and Central

European Member States – with Hungary recording a score of -0.3, and Bulgaria and

Romania -0.9 each –, alongside Portugal (0.3) and Greece (-0.1).

Evolution of the current situation results is mainly slight, although it is interesting to

note that the top-scoring nation – Denmark – saw a decrease in score of -0.2, while

the lowest-scoring Member States saw increases (+1.3 in Bulgaria and +1.5 in

Romania). Italy also saw a positive increase of +1.3, taking the overall score to 2.7 –

just below the EU27 average. Portugal showed an increase of +0.8, giving it an

overall positive score of +0.3. Some decreases were noted, the most important

being seen in Slovenia and Slovakia, with evolutions of -0.5 and -0.4 respectively.

The most positive opinion in terms of life satisfaction as it compares to five years

ago is felt in Sweden, with a score of +52 on the better/worse index. This is followed

by Finland with +36 and Luxembourg with +33. Almost all of the top eight Member

States for the evaluation of the current situation index report a situation better than

the EU27 average – with the exception of Ireland, where a better-worse score of -7,

five points lower than the average, was recorded. There were large negative better-

worse scores from several Member States who rank at the bottom of the current

situation index: -64 from Greece, -48 from Bulgaria, and -43 from both Portugal and

Romania.

Strong evolutions were noticed in several Member States for the five-year

comparison results, both positive and negative. Belgium recorded a positive

evolution of +16, Austria +15 and Germany +13. Greece’s score changed by -20,

and Ireland’s by -19.

Optimism is high for the next twelve months in particular Member States – such as

Sweden (+43), Estonia (+28), Denmark (+27), Luxembourg (+25), Finland (+24)

and France (+23). Here, there are positive and negative scores scattered up and

down the list ranked by current situation levels – with some nations reporting a

negative current system, such as Bulgaria which records a better-worse score of +7.

The lowest scores were recorded in Greece (-42), Portugal (-22) and Hungary (-13).


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The evolution of results regarding the life situation over the next twelve months is

also quite small, with only a few Member States recording a change – +24 in

Lithuania, +22 in Romania (both near the bottom of the “current situation” ranking),

+10 in France, +9 in Estonia. Hungary’s score decreased sharply by -26, giving an

overall score of -13.

Figure 2: QB1, QB4.1 and QB3.1 – SD tables (index table, showing the evolutions)



Strong changes in opinion are noticed along socio-demographic lines. Although

male and female respondents gave similar answers, there was an important degree

of difference in every other socio-demographic split. The current life situation is

viewed less positively by respondents aged 25 or above (with an index of 3.3 for age


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categories 25-39 and 55+ and with 3.2 for 40-54) than those aged 15-24, which

gave an answer of 4.5. A similar pattern is noticed depending on the age of

respondents when they finished studying, with a very sharp climb of 2.4 from those

who finished at the age of 15 or before to 5.3 from those still studying (those who

finished aged 20+ recorded a positive score of 4.5). Occupation of respondents had a

clear impact on response – with -0.1 from the unemployed being the lowest.

Managers gave an average response of 5.2 by comparison – the next lowest after

the unemployed was house persons, who gave a score of 2.5. Financial situation also

has a clear effect, with those who report having financial difficulties giving a score of

-0.7 compared to 4.7 from those who almost never have difficulties paying their bills.

Perceived improvement in the last five years is highest among the young, those

with high levels of education and students, white-collar workers and managers (in

fact, in general, the employed) and the financially well-off. The unemployed, older

respondents and those who finished education earlier see a decline in their life

situation in general. Optimism levels also follow this trend to a certain extent.

The unemployed and those who have financial difficulties are also confident that

things will improve over the next twelve months, with scores of +23 and +9 on

the better/worse index respectively.

Evolution of the results shows that things have improved somewhat since the last

round of analysis for some people. The current life situation is seen as +0.8 better

by respondents with financial difficulties, +0.7 by retired and other white collars and

+0.6 better by the 55+ age group. The unemployed report a decline of -0.9 in

regard to the current situation. They do, however, also report a positive evolution

of +14 with regard to the situation over the next twelve months.

Figure 3: QB1 – Trend line


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The slight drop in the perception of the quality of the general situation – from 3.2 in

Spring 2009 to 3.1, in Spring 2010 – has been redressed, with the EU27 average for

this survey being the joint highest recorded since 2001 (3.5). A gradual decline for

the period from 2007-2009 is noticeable but this appears, for now, to have changed.

This survey’s score of 3.5 is a whole point higher than the lowest recorded on this

line – 2.5 in Jan-Feb 2009, in the depths of the economic crisis.

Figure 4: QB3.1 – Trend line

Levels of optimism for the next twelve months are also slowly rising (+12, +3 points

since Spring 2009), although the picture here is different. While we can see an

increase in score gradually over the last three waves of analysis when compared to

the lowest point on the line (+1, in January-February 2009), there is a long way to

go before reaching scores as high as those recorded between Autumn 1995 and

Spring 2008. Take, for example, the response in Spring 2007 – +26, compared to

this survey’s score of +12. There is some optimism in the EU Member States – just

not as much as has previously been felt.


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1.2 Residential area (QB2_1; QB3_2; QB4_27)

We now turn our attention to respondents’ feelings about the areas in which they

live, and whether or not they feel that the quality of their immediate surroundings

has improved or got worse (or is likely to improve or get worse).

As observed in the last report, EU citizens tend to feel better about their residential

areas than they do with their quality of life in general. An EU27 average score of 4.4

for the current evaluation of the residential area is recorded, with a +0.2 increase on

last year’s result. The better/worse index notes a very slight positive feeling about

the situation now compared to five years ago, with an average score of +2. This

represents a negative evolution of -2 points from the last wave of analysis. With

regards to the situation as it is set to change over the next twelve months, a positive

score of +6 is recorded on average – this is an improvement of +2 from the last

report.

60% of respondents believe that the situation of their residential area now is the

same as it was five years ago. A very high proportion – 74% – believes that the

situation will remain the same over the next twelve months. When considering any

positive or negative scores in the better/worse indexes, it is important to bear these

figures in mind.

7 QB2.1 - How would you judge the current situation of…? The area you live in, QB3.2 - What are your expectations for the next twelve months; will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to…? The area you live in, QB4.2 - Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The area you live in.


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Figure 5: QB2.1, QB3.2 and QB4.2 – Score cards (index table, showing the evolutions)


The better-worse indexes are measured on a scale from -100 to +100


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For the current situation, the Nordic Member States, Benelux, the UK and Ireland

once again make up the eight highest-scoring nations in the list. Each records a

score comfortably ahead of the EU27 average – with Sweden (7.3) topping the list,

followed in order by Luxembourg (6.8), the Netherlands (6.7), Ireland (6.3), Finland

(6.1), Belgium (5.9), Denmark (5.5) and the UK (5.3). The lower end of the list is

again comprised mainly of Eastern and Central European and 2 Baltic Member States

(Lithuania and Latvia) alongside Greece (1.5) and Portugal (2.7). The lowest-scoring

Member State is Bulgaria, with a score of 0.7. It is important to note that all Member

States report a positive score on the -10/+10 scale, no matter how slight.

There are some evolutions in the data in relation to the current situation of the

residential area. Malta returns an increase of +0.9 points. Estonia shows an increase

of +0.8, and Denmark +0.6. Slovenia’s score fell by the largest amount – a

downward evolution of -0.9 – followed by Slovakia with an evolution of -0.7 and

Bulgaria with -0.5. Greece, which is placed near the bottom of the current situation

list and which showed high levels of pessimism, shows a slight increase of +0.1

points regarding the current situation.

There are mixed feelings regarding the situation compared to five years ago –

some Member States responded with positive scores, others with distinctly negative

ones. The Finns see a considerable high score – recording +26 on the better/worse

index – as do citizens in Luxembourg, with +23, Estonia, with +22 and Malta, with

+21. The Greeks returned a very negative score of -54 on the index, followed by the

Portuguese with -22 and Bulgarians with -20. These low scores highlight the financial

and social difficulties that have taken place in these Member States since the

beginning of the financial and economic crisis, in autumn 2008.

Comparing to the situation as it was five years ago, we see that the evolution is

relatively slight and even across the Member States, with a few exceptions. The

Greeks report an evolution of -27 compared to the last report; in Hungary, the

evolution is -11. Lithuania showed an increase of +14 points on the index, and Malta

of +11. Of the top ten-scoring Member States ranked by the current situation score,

two showed decreases – Ireland with -9, and Luxembourg with -6.

When asked to consider how the situation of the residential area will change over the

next twelve months, there was again some optimism noted from Member States

which placed at each end of the “current situation” scoring. Strong positive scores of

+24 in Estonia, +16 in France, +15 in Latvia and Lithuania, and +12 in Sweden,

Finland and Malta all contributed to the cautiously positive average. At the other end

of the scale, a better-worse score of -37 was noticed in Greece, with -15 in Portugal

being the next most negative.


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Levels of optimism for the next twelve months have increased since last year by +12

in Romania, +9 in Bulgaria, and +8 in Estonia and Lithuania. The score decreased in

Hungary (-17) and Greece (-15).

Figure 6: QB2.1, QB3.2 and QB4.2 – SD tables (index table, showing the evolutions)



Looking at the data split by socio-demographic grouping, we notice that the

patterns are less linear than for the first question (life in general). There is also a

general degree of positivity noted with regard to the current situation of the

residential area.


21

Age plays a role in determining how respondents feel, with the 25-39 band giving the

lowest feeling of satisfaction of the current situation (3.9). This is followed by the

15-24 band (4.3) and the 40-54 group (4.4). The oldest age group, 55+, gave a

satisfied score of 4.7. Recent uncertainty regarding house prices might indicate that

those who have been in a position to buy accommodation longer ago, rather than

those who bought before or during the downturn, may be more comfortable with the

fluctuations in prices.

As level of education increases, so does satisfaction, although it is also useful to note

that students are less happy with the situation of their current residential area (4.7)

than those who finished their education at age 20+ (5.1).

The unemployed reported the lowest levels of satisfaction with the current situation,

with a score of 2.7. Managers again reported the highest levels of satisfaction – 5.4 –

followed by the retired (4.8) and students (4.7). There is also a sharp difference in

the results given by those who struggle to pay their bills – 2.4 – and those who

almost never have this problem, who gave an answer of 5.2. It is very likely that

these different elements reveal that the level of standard of living is key here: the

wealthier respondents are, the more satisfied they are with the area they live in,

probably because their residential budget is more important.

Perception of improvement of the residential area in the last five years is high

among the younger respondents (+12 among the 15-24 group, +9 among the 25-

39s) although this switches to a negative attitude among the 55+ respondents (-4).

Education has an impact on this as well – with those who finished their education at

age 15 or before giving a score of -10 compared to positive scores from all other

education groupings, and a high score of +14 from those still studying. Regarding

occupation, students (+14) and managers (+13) are more positive than, for

example, house persons (-7) and the unemployed (-5). Negative scores on this index

come from citizens who frequently or sometimes have problems paying their bills –

respectively scoring -16 and -7. Those who almost never have such problems gave a

score of +8.

Some similar patterns can be noticed regarding how things will change in the next

twelve months, with students and the 15-24 age-group giving a positive score of

+18. Manual workers and the unemployed both also recorded optimistic scores of

+10. We notice a pattern linking the level of respondents’ education to the scores –

as the level increases, optimism does as well. Those who finished their education at

the age of 15 or younger give a score of -2, those who finished aged 16-19 a score

of +7, those who finished at 20 or older +10, and those who are still studying a

score of +18.


22

Financial situation has an impact as well – those who report frequent problems

paying their bills give a score of -2, compared to +6 from those who have occasional

problems doing so, and +7 from those who almost never do.

There are few evolutions which differ greatly from the EU27 average evolutions in

this set of data, indicating that opinion is staying mainly the same relating to the

accommodation situation. This is reflected again in the high number of “the same”

answers given. One development which is worthy of note is the improvement by

+0.4 of the current situation of the residential area as perceived by those who have

financial difficulties, which is the same as the evolution in responses from managers

and other white collar workers.

1.3 Personal job situation (QB2_12; QAB_13; QB4_138) A contrast to the previously-discussed question can be found in the analysis of

respondents’ personal job situations. The answers to this question paint a far less

positive picture than those relating to housing, although in this survey – like the

previous one, in May 2010 – there is a slight evolution towards the positive

compared to previous results.

The EU27 average score is 1.7, representing a small increase of +0.2 from the last

wave of analysis. When asked to compare the current situation with that of five

years ago, respondents noted a better-worse score of -4. When asked to consider

how their job situation might change in the next twelve months, they responded with

better-worse score of +9.

The previous survey in May 2010 also noted a slight rise in respondents’

consideration of their current job situation – by +0.1. Therefore, the current

situation has been seen to improve very slightly over the last two waves of research.

Similarly, the score for the situation now as compared to that of five years ago has

also improved slightly on an EU27 average level – by +2. Expectations for the next

twelve months have improved by +4 points towards the better.

8QB2.12 - How would you judge the current situation of….Your personal job situation, QB3.13 - What are your expectations for the next twelve months; will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to…? Your personal job situation, QB4.13 - Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? Your personal job situation.


23

Figure 7: QB2.12, QB3.13 and QB4.13 – Score cards (index table, showing the evolutions)




24

The three Nordic Member States score highest in the current personal job

situation ranking in the following order – Sweden (5.7), Finland (5.6), and Denmark

(5.1). Luxembourg (4.6), Belgium (4), and the Netherlands (3.8) all score highly

once again, and are joined in the top ten Member States by Austria (4.2), Germany

(3.2), Estonia (2.7) and France (2.6). Hungary scores lowest in relation to the

current employment situation with a score of -3; other low-scoring Member States

include Romania with -2.7, Greece with -2.4 and Lithuania with -1.5.

Analysing these results compared to those returned in the previous survey in May

2010, we can see only a few changes. This year, none of the results for the current

personal job situation evolved in either direction by one whole point. Belgium

returned the most positive evolution of +0.8, followed by Finland of +0.7 and several

Member States showed an evolution of +0.6 – Sweden, Austria, Germany and Italy.

In the last year survey there was an evolution towards worse of -2.4 score points in

Romania and of -1 point in Greece.

Strong negative evolutions since last year were noticed in Luxembourg, which gave a

high result in terms of the current situation – its score of 4.6 being subject to a

negative evolution of -0.6 since the last report. In the last report, Luxembourg

ranked second in the overall list relating to the current situation, and showed an

evolution of +0.7 from the report before that. This can be taken as an indication of

how quickly opinion on something as fundamental as employment – relating, as it

does, to many other important aspects of life in Europe – can fluctuate. Strong

negative evolutions were also noted this year in Cyprus, Ireland (both -0.6), Poland

(-0.5) and Greece (-0.4).

For both other questions related to personal job situation (compared with five years

ago, and with the next twelve months), levels of “the same” answers on the

better/worse indexes are lower than in the previous questions, indicates more

strength of opinion in most Member States.

Sweden gave a better-worse score of +35 in relation to the personal job situation as

it stood five years ago, followed by Luxembourg (+24), Austria and Denmark (both

+14). Variations of ten points between each of these answers indicate the sharp fall

towards average noted as we move down the list of Member States when ranked by

this category.

Eight Member States reported scores lower than -20, with Greece (-43), Romania

(-41), Lithuania (-39) and Hungary (-38) giving the lowest answers.


25

The evolutions of responses in relation to the personal job situation compared with

five years ago are generally not really marked, with a few outstanding exceptions.

Lithuania (+15), Estonia (+11) and Austria (+10) all saw distinct changes toward the

positive on the better/worse index. Greece (-13), Romania (-9) and Portugal (-7)

saw the strongest downward evolutions.

Expectations for the coming twelve months are highest in Sweden (+30), Estonia

(+26) and Luxembourg (+20). Optimism was also observed in France (+19),

Denmark (+18) and Belgium (+17). Several nations ranked low in the list for the

current job situation scored relatively highly in terms of expectations for the near

future, as well – including Latvia (+16), Spain (+11) and Bulgaria (+7). Optimism is

lowest in Greece (-30), Portugal (-21), Hungary (-12) and Romania (-11).

Expectations for the next twelve months regarding the personal job situation have

grown considerably in Lithuania (+20), Romania (+15), and to a lesser extent in

Spain, France and Luxembourg (+8) – Member States which rank near the bottom

(Lithuania, Romania and Spain) and top (France and Luxembourg) of the list when

ranked by the current situation. The strongest negative evolution was in Hungary (-

15), also at the bottom of the current situation ranking. There were some reductions

in levels of optimism near the top of the current situation ranking, but they are

mostly too slight to be of any real significance (such as Denmark, -1).


26




Looking at the socio-demographic results, we notice a difference between the

answers given by men and women – with male respondents giving an answer of 1.9

compared to a female respondent average of 1.4. The current personal job

situation is perceived as better according to the age of the respondent as well, with

the youngest age band giving a low score of 1.2 which rises through the subsequent

two (1.5, 1.6) to 2.1 for the 55+. As noticed elsewhere, the situation also improves

with the level of education of the respondent – a very low 0.5 for those who finished

education aged 15 or under, 1.4 for those who finished at age 16-19 and 3.1 for

people who finished studying at age 20 or over. However, students themselves

recorded a just-above-average score of 1.9.


27

Managers (4.6) and other white collar workers (3.1) give the most positive response

relating to the current situation, although others – the self-employed and manual

workers – also give positive scores. A very negative score of -5.6 is reported by the

unemployed, as we might expect. Financial situation has a very distinct effect as

well, with those in financial difficulty recording a score of -2.9 compared to a score of

3.3 for those who do not struggle to pay their bills.

The personal job situation compared to five years ago is seen as considerably

better by the young, with +11 on the better/worse scale recorded by the 15-24 age

group. This falls steadily as respondents get older, reaching a negative score of -14

for the 55+.

There is a move in the opposite direction observed relating to the age at which

respondents stopped studying. Those who finished their education at 15 or below

gave a score of -19, compared to +6 from those who finished at age 20 or over, and

+13 from those still studying.

Correlated with the age of end of education, occupation plays a part too – the

unemployed gave a score of -59 compared to +22 from managers, +10 from white-

collar workers and +4 from manual workers. The self-employed and retired people

noted a decline in the situation – with -7 and -14 respectively. Financial situation

also plays a part, with respondents who have difficulties paying the bills giving a

score of -39 and those who don’t giving a score of +7 – tentatively positive, but

positive nonetheless.

Expectations for the coming twelve months are somewhat higher. Again there is a

difference between male and female respondents – who gave scores of +11 and +7

respectively. And groups which returned negative scores for the current personal job

situation and the way things are compared to five years ago also have high hopes –

the unemployed giving a score of +25, and the youngest two age groups, 15-24 and

25-39, giving +31 and +18 respectively.

Many groups show a positive evolution when considering the current personal job

situation. Despite the negative results recorded, those who have difficulties paying

the bills noted a positive evolution of +0.6. The current situation has worsened in the

eyes of students and house persons (-0.4) among others. Regarding the five-year

comparison, some strong positive evolutions were noticed. This is the case for white-

collar workers and those who finished their education at the age of 16-19 (both +4),

manual workers (+3) and those who report frequent financial difficulties (+6).

Evaluations of the next twelve months have grown more positive almost

unanimously – although it remains the same in a few instances. This is most

obviously the case for the unemployed (+14) and the 15-24 age-group (+8), both of

which groups take a fairly negative view of their current job situation.


28


The trend line showing expectations for the next twelve months provides a clear

insight into the development of these opinions over the last decade and more. A very

steep drop which took place over the course of almost two years, from August 2007

to Jan-Feb 2009, and which led to an overall score of 0 at its lowest point on the

better/worse index, has started to be addressed. It can be noted that the personal

job situation started to deteriorate before the beginning of the financial economic

crisis, in autumn 20089. While there was a dip in the last wave of analysis – as we

have observed in the first two questions of this section – this appears to have been

redressed and optimism is rising once more. The levels are not as high as they were

four years ago (+15 in Spring 2007), but there is a distinct move in the right

direction once more, with this wave of research’s average score of 9 being better

than that before the last survey’s slight drop of one point to 5.

9 Note that Lehman Brothers filing for bankruptcy on 15 September 2008 is generally considered to mark the start of the financial and economic crisis.


29

1.4 Household financial situation (QB2_13; QB3_14;

QB4_1410)

The final question in this section concerns the household financial situation of

respondents – tied closely, as it is, to each of the areas analysed above.

The current EU27 average for the household financial situation of respondents,

marked on a scale of +10 to -10, is currently 1.5. This compares to last year’s score

of 1.1 – showing a positive evolution of +0.4.

A score of -17 on the better/worse index relating the situation now as it compares to

that from five years ago also shows a slight evolution of +1 point. Expectations for

the next twelve months are very slightly optimistic, with an EU27 level score of +1,

this representing a positive upward evolution of +4 from the last wave of analysis.

10 QB2.13 - How would you judge the current situation of… The financial situation of your household, QB3.14 - What are your expectations for the next twelve months; will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to…? The financial situation of your household, QB4.14 - Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The financial situation of your household.


30

Figure 10: QB2.13, QB3.14 and QB4.14 – Score cards (index table, showing evolutions)




31

Opinion differs quite sharply either side of the average in various individual Member

States, with seven countries giving negative scores relating to the current financial

situation of the household. The familiar geographical grouping of the Nordic and

Benelux Member States, along with Austria and the UK, once again dominate the

upper end of the ranking. All three Nordic Member States fall in the top five of the

group, with Sweden coming first (scoring 5) followed by Denmark with a score of

4.7, Luxembourg with 4.6, the Netherlands with 4.2 and Finland with 4. Each of

these scores is comfortably in advance of the EU27 average.

Hungary returned the lowest score for this question, as it relates to the current

financial situation of the household, with -2.5. It was followed by Bulgaria with -2.3,

Romania and Greece – both with -2.1. There is then a slight progression upwards, as

the next lowest-scoring Member State was Lithuania with a score of -1. Portugal with

-0.9 and Latvia with -0.4 also gave negative scores here.

Evolution of results for the current situation is generally quite slight, with a couple of

outstanding example. For example, the situation in Italy is seen to have improved

drastically compared to the last wave of analysis – growing by +1.1 points to reach

1.5. An upward trend was also noticed in Romania (+0.7) as well as in Belgium and

Germany (both +0.6). Cyprus’s results evolved in the opposite direction, changing

by -0.9, as did those from Slovakia, by -0.7.

Analysis of the individual Member States’ scores evaluating the situation now

compared to that of five years ago shows that only respondents in seven

countries think that the financial situation of their household has improved. Sweden

(+34), Luxembourg (+19) and Finland (+15) gave the highest scores. Lowest scores

were recorded in Greece (-73), Hungary, Romania (both -55) and Portugal (-52).

Perception of the situation now compared to five years ago dropped sharply in a

number of Member States as well. Malta and Slovakia both recorded negative

evolutions of -12, Greece’s score changed by -11 and Poland’s by -10. This was

tempered by strong positive evolutions in Austria (+14), Estonia (+10), Germany

(+9) and Sweden (+8). Hungary (+5) and Lithuania (+7) both also saw positive

evolutions in their scores, and both were ranked low in relation to the current

situation.

Evaluation of the next twelve months is slightly more positive, with several

Member States which ranked near the bottom of the list relating to the current

situation recording tentatively positive scores. Estonia gave the highest score here

(+23) followed by Sweden (+21), Denmark (+18) and Luxembourg (+16). This

reinforces a trend towards optimism felt by respondents in Estonia in other

categories so far analysed. Greece recorded the lowest score (-58), followed by

Portugal (-36) and Hungary (-24), the lowest-scoring Member State in terms of the

current situation. Lithuania and Bulgaria, both near the bottom of the ranking


32

according to the current situation, gave slightly optimistic scores (+1 and +3

respectively).

The scores relating to optimism for the forthcoming twelve months were also subject

to some interesting evolutions. Levels of optimism have risen sharply in Romania

(+24), Lithuania (+21) and Bulgaria (+13) – all of which fall near the bottom of the

list when ranked by the current situation score. Sharp drops were observed in

Hungary (-25), Portugal (-15) and Slovakia (-13). Sweden, the top-scoring Member

State regarding the current situation, saw a negative evolution of

-3.

Figure 11: QB2.13, QB3.14 and QB4.14 – SD tables (index table, showing evolutions)




33

When broken by socio-demographic categories, results show that men are more

likely to give a positive result regarding the current financial situation of their

household than women, returning a score of 1.7 compared to 1.3. Differences

relating to the age of the respondent are slight, although respondents aged 25-54

are slightly less happy with the situation than those older and younger than them –

giving a score of 1.3, below the EU27 average. The score increases according to the

level of education achieved by the respondent – we can compare 0.4 from those who

finished at age 15 or below with 2.8 from those who continued education until 20 or

older – and current students give an above-average score of 2.

Distinct differences are observed relating to the employment situation of the

respondent. Those in managerial roles give a high score of 3.8; in sharp contrast,

the unemployed give a score of -2.6. This is unsurprising; we can assume that a

similar trend would be noticed regardless of the main European economic situation.

It is interesting to note that the unemployed give the only negative score when the

results are broken down like this; house persons, who have previously followed with

quite negative scores, give a low, but positive score of 0.4. It is also understandable

that any respondents who report any kind of financial difficulty return a negative

score – with those who frequently do so giving a score of -3.9, and those who do

occasionally -0.4. This can be compared with a score of 3.1 from financially more

secure individuals.

Very few positive scores were given relating to the financial situation of the

household now as it compares to that from five years ago. Managers (+20) and

those who stayed in education the longest (+2) give the only positive answers.

Sharp declines in the quality of the situation are observed by respondents with

financial difficulties most of the time (-64), the unemployed (-52), those who

finished their education at the age of 15 or below (-37), those who have financial

problems from time to time (-36), the retired (-35) and those aged 55+ (-32).

Age and education play a part in determining optimism for the next twelve

months, with the 15-24 age group giving a positive score of +22, and current

students an answer of +19. The unemployed, too, see the situation as set to improve

somewhat, returning a score of +12.

The retired gave a negative score of -16, as did people who find themselves

frequently in financial difficulties. Optimism decreases as the respondent’s age

increases, with the 55+ age group giving a negative score of -14.

An evolution relating to the current financial situation of the household came from

those who face financial difficulties most of the time, as their score evolved by +0.7.

With regard to the occupation of the respondent, all of those who are in any kind of

work, house persons and the retired returned positive changes on the last wave of

analysis. Current students gave a score which evolved negatively by -0.1.


34

Evolution of the scores relating to the situation compared to five years ago were

slight, with the highest level of optimism observed among people from the 40-54

age-group, the unemployed and those who finished their education before the age of

20 (+5 for each of them). Expectations for the coming twelve months grew,

however, among the unemployed (an evolution of +13) and the self-employed (+8).


The trend line shows numerous cycles of pessimism against optimism, with the

deepest fell between September 2008, this date marking the beginning of the

economic crisis, and January-February 2009, when the lowest score in the last

sixteen years was recorded (-10). However, this set of results marks a definite step

towards progress, following a decline in quality between Spring 2007 and January-

February 2009, there is now a positive overall score of 1 marked in terms of

expectations for the next twelve months. However slight it is, this still represents a

rise from -3, in Spring 2010. Again, the slight dip in expectations noted in the last

survey has been redressed.


35

CONCLUSIONS

We can see that the results of the analysis of Europeans’ views regarding the current

situation appear to depend on which Member State they inhabit. Geographical

patterns indicating feelings of prosperity and security are noticed, clustering around

Northern and Western Member States, as we have seen previously. Additionally,

those Member States which gave low responses last year continue to do so this year.

Most of the Member States recorded positive scores for the current situation. The

highest level of satisfaction can be observed for the residential area, where all the

countries gave positive scores. It is encouraging to note that despite feelings of

negativity in certain parts of Europe, overall, optimism about personal situation is on

the increase since the previous survey.

Regarding the current situation, strong scores were noticed particularly in the

Nordic Member States, Benelux, and often in the UK, Ireland, Austria and Germany.

Some strong positive evolutions can be noted in Italy, placing it near the middle of

the table in most instances.

At the bottom of the list regarding the satisfaction with the current situation are

Greece, Eastern and Baltic countries, Hungary and Portugal. Italy was also among

the countries where respondents were less satisfied with their residential area.

The evolutions relating to the current situation as compared to five years ago

are, in many cases, edging upwards when compared to the last wave of analysis,

with Malta, Estonia and Germany often recording strong evolutions. The same can be

said about the expectations for the next twelve months. with Romania,

Lithuania, and Bulgaria, often reporting high level of optimism regarding the near

future, although their scores for the current situation place them low on the table.

With regard to socio-demographic data, clear patterns are beginning to emerge

relating to the financial situation and level of education of the respondents. The

longer people remain in education, the more positive (or less negative) they tend to

be. Additionally, the fewer problems that people tend to have in relation to their

personal finances, the more positive they are in general about their personal

situation.

The previous wave of analysis showed a halting of progress and a reversal

towards the negative. This year, the move has been redressed and ground gained in

a general move towards positivity and optimism – as indicated in the trend lines.

From this, we can surmise that EU citizens either feel as if the major problems are

being addressed, or that they themselves are dealing with the economic situation

better. There are, of course, individual Member States where the mood remains

gloomy, but the overall picture is starting to improve once more.


36

2. GENERAL SITUATION IN THE COUNTRY

We now turn away from respondents’ personal situation to analyse the general

situation. For this analysis, six banks of questions were asked – relating to the

current situation, the situation as compared to that of five years ago and the

projected situation over the next twelve months. The questions cover the following

topics: economic situation, employment situation, the cost of living, affordability of

energy, affordability of housing and the way in which public administration is run.

2.1 Economic situation (QB2_11; QB3_12; QB4_1211)

The first question relates to respondents’ perception of the general economic

situation in their country. For the current situation, the response is negative –

with a score of -2.9 recorded for the EU27 average. A score of -56 is recorded on the

better/worse scale for the situation now compared to that of five years ago, and a

score of -16 is returned relating to expectations for the coming 12 months. The

number of “the same” answers is comparatively low for the index relating to the

situation now compared to that of five years ago (17%), although it is higher for the

situation as to how it will shape up over the next twelve months (40%). This could

indicate a certain degree of uncertainty among the European population regarding

the direction that the economic situation is going to take.

Despite the negative scores, a positive evolution has been noted relating to

each of the situations outlined. The score for the current situation has increased

by +0.7 compared to the previous wave of analysis, in May 2010. Results relating to

the situation now compared to that of five years ago have improved by +13, and the

score regarding expectations for the next year has increased by +3.

11 QB2.11 How would you judge the current situation of... The economic situation in (our country), QB3.12 What are your expectations for the next twelve months; will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to…? The economic situation in (our country), QB4.12 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The economic situation in (our country).


37





38

We see a vast difference in scores from individual Member States. For the current

economic situation in the country, respondents in Sweden gave the highest score

(4.4), followed by Luxembourg (3.4), Germany (3.2), Austria (2.5), the Netherlands

(1.5), and Finland (0.3). These Member States are the only ones which returned

positive scores on this index. The lowest score was given by Greece, with -8.5. This

was followed by Ireland (-7.8), Romania (-7.3), Latvia (-7.1), Spain (-6.8), Portugal

(-6.3) and Hungary (-6.1). Four of these – Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain –

were hit particularly strongly by the financial crisis.

Positive and negative evolutions are observed near the top and the bottom of this

ranking respectively. The top five-scoring Member States from the current situation

reported an increase of more than +1 point each, the highest positive evolution

being in Germany, where the score increased by +3.6. An increase of +2.5 was

noted in Belgium and +1.8 in Austria. Sweden’s score evolved by +1.3, that of the

Netherlands’ by +1.2, and that of Luxembourg by +1.1. Strongest positive

evolutions are seen in countries which are amongst the wealthier EU Member States.

The largest downward evolution came from Slovenia (-1.9) followed by Poland and

Slovakia (both -1.4) and Cyprus (-1.1). Greece and Ireland both recorded negative

evolutions (-0.6 and -0.7 respectively) but Romania and Latvia, also near the bottom

of the ranking, both showed improvement on last year’s results – with evolutions of

+0.1 and +0.2 respectively. Lithuania, which returned a score of -5.1, saw a high

positive evolution of +1.

Two Member States gave positive scores on the better/worse index for the

economic situation in the country now as compared to that of five years

ago: Sweden, which returned a score of +27, and Germany of +16. The second-

highest scoring Member State in terms of the current situation, Luxembourg, returns

a negative score of -36, as do the fourth and fifth-scoring nations: Austria with -22

and the Netherlands with -69. Overall, the results here are very negative. The lowest-scoring Member State is Greece with -97 – meaning that almost all

respondents give negative answers –, followed by Spain with -92, Ireland with -90,

Portugal with -88 and Romania with -86.

Despite this, there are some very strong positive evolutions since the last wave of

analysis. Germany’s positive score of +16 represents a very strong evolution of +80

since the last survey, in May 2010. Sweden’s score increased by +52, Austria’s by

+31 and Belgium’s by +26. Lithuania, which recorded a very low score of -78 on the

better/worse index, also reported a positive evolution of +13. Strong negative

evolutions were noticed in Poland (-31), Slovakia (-18) and Slovenia (-16).


39

Regarding the economic situation of the country as it is expected to develop

over the next twelve months, Estonia is the most optimistic Member State, with a

score of +23. This is followed by +15 in Austria, +13 in Germany, +12 in Denmark,

and +11 in Sweden. Very negative scores were recorded in Greece (-85), in Portugal

(-66) and in Slovenia (-49). Overall, again, the majority of Member States returned

a negative response on the better/worse index.

However, there are also some positive evolutions on this index, with the highest

being seen in Lithuania (+25) and Romania (+22), both of which gave low scores of

-8 and -38 on the better-worse index. Some high-scoring Member States also

reported a degree of improvement: Germany, for example, gave a positive score of

+13 which also marked an evolution of +13 points from last year’s result. The

largest downward evolution was Sweden – with -31 compared to last year’s survey –

followed by Hungary with -29 and Finland with -22. It is interesting to note here that

countries like Sweden and Finland, which are usually placed at the top of the list

when describing the current situation, are now among the countries that are

generally pessimistic regarding the perspectives of the near future, like Hungary,

which recorded among the lowest scores for all the topics analysed so far in this

report.


40




Regarding the socio-demographic statistics, women are more pessimistic than men

about the current economic situation in their country – with a score of -3.1

compared to -2.6. There is no definite pattern relating to the age of respondents,

with the 25-39 age group most negative (-3.3) and the oldest respondents least

negative (-2.6). However, the results relating to level of education improve

depending on the age at which the respondent stopped studying. Those who finished

their education at the age of 15 or below give a score of -3.7. The score is -3.2 for

those who finished between the ages of 16 and 19, and -1.8 for those who finished

at age 20 or over. Those still studying gave a score of -2.2.


41

Regarding occupation, managers and students are the least negative, with scores of

-1.1 and -2.2 respectively. The unemployed (-4.9) and house persons (-4.2) are the

most negative, followed by the self-employed (-3.5). The level of satisfaction also

changes considerably relating to individual financial situation, with those who report

having frequent financial difficulties giving a score of -5.5 compared to -1.9 from

those who are secure financially. Despite these variations, all categories record a

negative score on the current situation.

Despite these low scores, every single category reports a positive evolution from the

last wave of analysis. Some of the strongest of these come from older respondents

with an increase of +1 point. Managers and white-collar workers increased their

score by +1.4 and +1.2 respectively. Those who report having very few problems

paying the bills recorded a positive evolution of +0.9, although it is also interesting

to note that respondents who have financial difficulties also increased their score by

+0.5.

Those who are most pessimistic about the economic situation in their country now

compared to that of five years ago are respondents who have problems paying

their bills most of the time – giving a score of -76. Unemployed people give a score

of -70, and the respondents who reported having occasional financial difficulties gave

a score of -69. The self-employed also gave a considerably negative score of -65.

Managers, students and the financially more secure are the least negative – with

scores of -44, -45 and -48 respectively. Level of education had a direct effect on the

scores here, with those who finished studying earlier returning higher minus scores.

Again, these scores have all evolved positively since the last survey in May

2010. The strongest evolutions came from managers (+25) and those who say that

they rarely have problems paying their bills (+18). The smallest positive evolutions

came from the self-employed (+3) and respondents who experience financial

difficulties (+6 for “sometimes” and +7 for “often”).

Relating to the expectations for the next 12 months regarding the national

economic situation, the only positive score on the table comes from students, with

a result of +1. Apart from this, there are only negative scores across the board. The

situation is seen as less negative by younger respondents – the 15-24 age group

give a score of -4, followed by the 25-39 group (-13), the 40-54 group (-19) and the

55+ (-21).

The scores also become less negative as respondents’ level of education increases,

with those who finished at 15 or younger giving a score of -26, those who finished

between the ages of 16-19 giving -18, those who finished at 20 or older giving -10,

and the aforementioned result of +1 for current students. Respondents’ difficulties

paying bills also have an impact – those who experience this frequently gave a score


42

of -38, those who do sometimes gave a score of -25, and those who never do gave a

score of -9.

Negative evolutions relating to expectations for the next 12 months were seen from

students (-2), house persons and the 15-24 age group (-1). Unemployed

respondents and managers gave the highest evolution in terms of response, with +8

and +5 respectively.

Once more, although the picture is negative (but improving), it is interesting to

compare these results with the results for respondents’ personal financial situations,

which are – on average – less pessimistic. It seems as if there is a clear distinction

made between respondents’ individual situations and the general (national) situation.


Overall low expectations for the next twelve months are nonetheless improving in

this wave of analysis, with a move from -19 to -16. Even if these scores are

negative, an improvement is observed in perceptions about the next twelve months

since January-February 2009, when the lowest score was recorded (-38) – although

here we do not see such a strong improvement as to take it close to levels

experienced prior to the onset of the financial crisis. We see the reduction in levels of

pessimism beginning to slow somewhat, with less of a gap between this positive

evolution and that noticed in the last report (+3 compared to +7). Still, it is a move

in the right direction.


43

2.2 Employment situation (QB2_14; QB3_15; QB4_1512)

Since the previous survey, conducted in May 2010, unemployment in the EU fell from 9.7% in April 2010 to 9.4% in April 201113. Despite this improvement, the current

employment situation is viewed very negatively by European citizens. The EU27

average for the current situation is -3.5. Comparing the situation now to that of five

years ago gives a score of -52 on the better/worse index, and expectations are low

for the next twelve months as well – with a score of -12.

Although these results are uniformly negative, they also show improvement from the

previous survey, in May 2010. The score relating to the current situation has

improved by +0.5 compared to last year’s result, with an evolution of +16 for the

result for the situation now as compared to that of five years ago, and +9 for the

score for expectations for the next twelve months.

12 QB2.14 How would you judge the current situation of... The employment situation in (our country), QB3.15 What are your expectations for the next twelve months; will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to…? The employment situation in (our country), QB4.15 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The employment situation in (our country) 13 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/3-31052011-BP/EN/3-31052011-BP-EN.PDF


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45

On an individual Member State basis, there is again a very sharp variation in the

results returned. Relating to the current employment situation in the country,

Austria’s score of 2 is the highest in the ranking – followed by the Netherlands on

1.6, Luxembourg on 1.5, then Sweden and Germany on 0.6. These Member States

are the only ones to have returned a positive score in this instance. Finland, with a

score of 0, and Denmark and Belgium with -0.1 are also near the top end of the

ranking, reinforcing the geographical pattern noticed in most other questions

analysed in the survey so far.

The lowest-scoring Member State is Ireland, with a score of -8.1. It is followed by

Greece with -7.9, Spain with -7.7, Romania with -7.1, and Latvia, Bulgaria and

Portugal with -6.2 each. Again, these Member States report general feelings of

dissatisfaction with the social and economic situation as in other questions asked –

and again, the distinctly negative results relating to this general question reinforce

the view that respondents tend to judge more harshly the national situation than

their own personal situations.

Some Member States show a very strong positive evolution when these results are

compared with those from the last wave of analysis. Germany’s score has increased

by +2.9 from last year’s survey. Other positive evolutions were found in Austria,

Belgium (both +2), Finland (+1.6), Estonia (+1.4) and Sweden (+1.2). The

strongest negative evolutions were found in Cyprus (-1.6) and Greece (-1.3).

Romania and Latvia, which both returned low scores overall, saw positive evolutions

of +0.1 and +0.7 respectively.

One Member State – Germany – returned a positive score on the better/worse index

for the national employment situation now as compared to that of five years

ago, with a result of +22. Everywhere else in the EU, the scores for this dimension

were negative. Sweden’s score of -4 was the least pessimistic of these, followed by

Austria’s of -16, but there were only a few Member States which returned answers

higher than -50. Greece (-97), Spain (-91), Ireland (-89) and Portugal (-86) are the

lowest-scoring Member States on this list.

Despite this, 16 Member States saw a positive evolution from the previous wave of

analysis, when comparing the situation now with that of five years ago. There were

some very positive evolutions – for example, Germany’s score was reached by an

evolution of +73 from the last survey’s result. Sweden’s score grew by +47,

Austria’s by +36, Belgium’s by +34 and Finland’s by +33. There were a few steep

negative evolutions, with Slovenia and Malta (both -10), Cyprus (-9), Poland and

Greece (-7) being the most noteworthy of these.


46

Levels of optimism for the next twelve months regarding the national employment

situation also vary sharply between Member States. Positive scores are recorded in

Sweden (+31), Denmark (+30) and Estonia (+26) among others, but the majority of

Member States give negative scores for this dimension. The lowest scores are

recorded in Greece (-83), Portugal (-64) and Cyprus (-49). Here, the positive scores

tend to cluster around the top end of the table as ranked by the current situation,

although a slight glimmer of optimism is noticed in Latvia (+1) which falls closer to

the lower end for the current situation.

Strong positive evolutions regarding the expectations for the short-term future were

noticed in Lithuania (+34), Belgium (+29), Germany (+23) and Luxembourg (+20).

Spain and Romania, which are third and fourth from the bottom end of the table as

ranked by the current situation, and both of which return quite negative scores in

relation to their twelve-month expectations, both saw positive evolutions (+14 and

+18 respectively). The largest negative evolutions were found in Hungary (-32),

Portugal (-18) and Sweden (-15).


47




Since the topic of employment is very closely linked to personal financial situation, it

is not surprising that we see a continuation of patterns previously observed by

means of the socio-demographic analysis of groupings of respondents. Women

are, again, more pessimistic about the current employment situation in their

country than men are – with -3.7 compared to -3.2. The education level of

respondents also plays a part in affecting responses – with more negative results

from those who finished their schooling earlier. Those who finished at age 15 or

younger gave a score of -4.3, compared to -3.6 from those who finished between the

ages of 16 and 19, and -2.6 from those who continued to 20 and older.


48

The main differences come from analysis of the employment situation of

respondents. The unemployed returned the very lowest score relating to the current

situation – with -6 – followed by house persons on -4.8, the self-employed with -3.7

and the retired with -3.5. Managers, white collar workers and students are less

negative, with scores of -2, -2.7 and -2.9 respectively. There is variation relating to

the respondent’s financial situation as well – with those reporting difficulties giving a

score of -5.9, and those who report few problems a result of -2.6.

These figures have evolved positively from the last wave of analysis in almost all

instances, with the exception of the score from the self-employed, which remains the

same. The largest increase comes from white-collar workers (+0.9) followed by the

retired (+0.8). Respondents in financial difficulties saw their score increase by +0.5.

The national employment situation now compared to that of five years ago

seems to be viewed more negatively by respondents as they get older – with a score

of -43 for the youngest group and a score below -50 for the other 3 age groups.

Education has an impact on the responses, with the scores improving according to

how long the respondent studied for. Those who finished their education at age 15 or

under gave a score of -58, compared to -50 from those who finished at age 20 or

over and -40 from those still studying. And the sharpest differences were observed in

the occupation category – with managers giving a score of -37 and the unemployed

a score of -69 – and the financial situation of respondents, with those who have

difficulty paying their bills returning a score of -74 compared with -42 among those

who rarely do.

Negative as these scores may be, they have all improved considerably since the

last wave of analysis, with the biggest increases coming from managers (+28),

those who report almost never having problems paying their bills (+22), and the

over 55s (+19).

Students and the youngest respondents are the only groups to report a positive

score on the better/worse situation for the forthcoming year (both +3), with the

biggest negative responses coming from those who report financial difficulties (-30

for “most of the time”, -22 for “from time to time), those who finished their

education at age 15 or under (-23) and house persons (-20). However, all of these

scores have improved from the previous wave of analysis – particularly from the

unemployed and retired, with +16 and +12 respectively. The evolution was nearly

the same for those who report infrequent financial difficulties (+9) and those who

frequently find themselves unable to pay their bills (+8).

It is interesting to note that the socio-demographic categories all show positive

evolutions, compared to the Member State analysis which shows decreases in several

individual countries. This seems to confirm that – despite the difficult situations


49

experienced in several Member States specifically – the general picture is one of

improvement. Figure 18: QB3.15 – Trend line

Again, we a see the positive evolution in terms of the twelve-month expectations

compared to the last wave of analysis, with an increase from -21 to -12 providing a

sharp contrast to the lowest point of -49 in January-February 2009 – although,

again, it marks a move towards optimism. As we have noticed previously, though,

there is still some way to go before levels of optimism recorded before the official

declaration of the onset of the financial crisis are reached, in the positive figures.


50

2.3 Cost of living (QB2_5; QB3_6; QB4_614)

We now analyse the cost of living across the EU. Here the scores are once again

distinctly negative. However, in contrast with previous questions, the evolution of the

scores compared to the last wave of analysis are also negative, indicating a

considerable worsening of the situation.

The overall score for the current situation at EU level is -3.4, with an average of -77

on the better/worse index for the situation now as compared to that of five years

ago, and -50 for the expectations for the coming twelve months.

However, while in the last survey increases in two of the three categories (current

situation and situation compared to that of five years ago) were noticed, here we see

negative evolutions across all three. The current situation score has changed by -0.7,

the five-year comparison by -8, and the twelve-month expectations by -3. Although

these changes are slight they provide opposition to the mainly positive evolutions

observed elsewhere. It is important to note that while other topic described before in

this report indicate that recovery is starting in the EU, individuals’ concerns about

the cost of living has not yet abated – and the situation is seen as worsening.

14 QB2.5 How would you judge the current situation of... The cost of living in (our country), QB3.6 What are your expectations for the next twelve months; will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to…? The cost of living in (our country), QB4.6 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The cost of living in (our country)


51

Figure 19: QB2.5, QB3.6 and QB4.6 – Score cards (index tables, showing evolutions)




52

The four Member States which record positive scores relating to the cost of living

current situation do so in a quite conservative manner – with the highest result

coming from Sweden with 1.6, followed by the Netherlands with 1.2, Austria with 1,

and Denmark with 0.4. From here, all of the scores from the other Member States

are into the negative side of the scale. A similar geographical grouping is noticed

once more near the top end of the ranking – with Benelux, the UK and the Nordic

Member States all appearing there, although not all returning positive scores. The

ratings fall sharply as we move down the rankings – with the lowest-scoring Member

States being Latvia (-7.3), Romania (-7), and Greece (-6.7). Twelve Member States

return scores of -5 or less.

Only two Member States did not return negative evolutions here. Italy recorded a

positive evolution of +0.6, and the Netherlands remained the same. Some evolutions

were only slightly negative – Hungary’s change of -0.2, for example – while others

were more severe. The largest negative evolutions were noted in Estonia, Latvia

(both -2.2), Spain and Slovakia (both -1.8). The top-scoring Member States for the

current situation all recorded negative evolutions, with the exception of the

aforementioned example of the Netherlands.

Every Member State recorded a negative score in relation to the cost of living

situation now compared to that of five years ago. These scores cover a broad

range. The least negative Member States were Sweden (-37), Austria and Denmark

both showing quite a large downward movement to -55. From this point down the

ranking, all Member States move deeper into the negative numbers. The lowest-

scoring Member States in this situation are Greece with -96, Latvia and Portugal with

-89, and Malta, France and Slovenia with -88.

Lithuania and Italy both recorded positive evolutions here – of +15 and +1

respectively – but the remaining Member States showed downward evolutions of

varying severity. The largest of these were in Slovakia (-25), Latvia and Denmark

(-15). The smallest negative evolutions were found in Belgium and Hungary, both

with -1.

Optimism for the next twelve months is also low, with no Member States recording

a positive score in this category. Greece gave the lowest score – with -83 – followed

by the Czech Republic (-75) and Portugal (-72). Lithuania (-13) and Italy (-25) are

the least negative of all of the Member States.

Here, some individual positive evolutions can be noted. The highest of these was

noticed in Lithuania, with +35, followed by Romania with +19. However, both of

these Member States still report low overall scores in this wave of analysis. The

largest negative evolutions were noticed in Hungary (-36), Finland (-26), Slovakia

(-25) and Sweden (-21). These strong evolutions are notable for the fact that they


53

come from Member States at either end of the ranking. We can summarise by

observing that cost of living is, so far, one of the issues about which Europeans feel

overwhelmingly negative.




When describing the socio-demographic breakdowns, female respondents again

note a more negative situation than men regarding the cost of living current

situation – with a score of -3.6 compared to -3.2. The 25-39 age-band here sees

the situation more negatively than the other three, with a score of -3.7 compared

(for example) to -2.8 from the 15-24 age group and -3.3 from the 55+. There is a


54

pattern noticed relating to respondents’ level of education. Those who finished their

schooling earliest, at age 15 or younger, gave a score of -4.1, while those who

finished between ages 16-19 returned a score of -3.8; those who finished at age 20

or older gave a score of -2.4, and current students gave a score of -2.3.

The unemployed, house persons and manual workers all gave low scores – with -5,

-4.3 and -4 respectively. This can be compared to the results from managers and

other white collar workers, with -1.9 and -3. And, perhaps, as we might expect,

respondents’ financial situation has a direct impact – with those who have trouble

paying their bills giving a very low score of -6, compared to -2.5 from those who do

not.

These scores have evolved negatively compared to the previous wave of analysis.

The strongest negative evolutions can be found coming from manual workers and

those who almost never have financial difficulties (both -1), followed by the

unemployed and respondents aged 55+ (both -0.9). Retired, house persons, those

who finished studying at the age of 15 or under, respondents aged 25-39 and male

recorded all a decrease of -0.8 point.

Regarding the cost of living situation compared to that of five years ago, the

responses are almost uniformly negative – with students giving the least negative

score of -59. Pessimism regarding the current situation compared to that of five

years ago seems to increase with respondents’ age, with the 15-24 age group giving

a response of -65 compared to -77 from the 25-39 age group and -80 from

respondents aged 40 and over.

In terms of evolution, the biggest decreases can be found in responses from the

over-55s, manual workers and respondents who almost never experience financial

problems – with their scores all changing by -10.

Levels of optimism for the next twelve months are also low, with students once

again recording the least negative score of -30. Interestingly, there is little difference

in the scores of managers vs. the retired, or relating to the financial situation of

respondents. While house persons and the unemployed recorded positive evolutions

(of +1 and +4 respectively), the strongest negative evolution came from managers

(-12). Those who report frequent financial difficulties show a slightly less negative

evolution (-1) than those who almost never have problems paying the bills (-6). This

would indicate that wealthier citizens are more negative in terms of short-term

optimism overall.


55

2.4 Affordability of energy (QB2_8; QB3_9; QB4_915)

When asked to consider one specific aspect of the cost of living, the affordability of

energy in their countries, respondents are slightly less negative than they are

about the general cost of living.

Regarding the current situation, the EU27 average for this question is -2.6.

Relating to the situation now compared to that of five years ago, the score is -65 on

the better/worse index. Expectations for the next twelve months show a score of -44

on the better/worse index.

Each of these scores shows a negative evolution from the last wave of analysis. The

score for the current situation changed by -0.6 – in contrast to the last survey of

May 2010, which showed an increase of +0.2 on the figure before (from the first

wave of analysis conducted in May 2009). The figure for the situation compared to

that of five years ago shows a -9 change, and the figure for expectations for the next

twelve months shows a -7 evolution.

15 QB2.8 How would you judge the current situation of... How affordable energy is in (our country), QB3.9 What are your expectations for the next twelve months; will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to…? How affordable energy is in (our country), QB4.9 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? How affordable energy is in (our country)


56





57

When describing country by country results for the current affordability of energy

situation, we see more Member States returning positive scores than for other

aspects of the general social climate such as finance and employment – seven giving

scores of more than 0. As in the last report, Estonia is at the head of the ranking,

with a score of 3.5; it is followed by the Czech Republic with 2.9, Latvia with 1.9,

Austria with 1.3, the Netherlands with 1.1, Spain and Luxembourg with 0.2 each.

Denmark returns a score of 0, and the remaining Member States give a negative

response – most prominently Greece (-6.3), Romania (-6.1), Hungary, Malta and

Cyprus (-5.9 each). The geographical patterns that we have observed in previous

answers to other questions – where the highest scores are given by Nordic and

Benelux Member States – does not exist here, although these results reflect those

from the last wave of analysis.

Although the rankings remain similar, the scores themselves have fallen – with many

Member States returning negative evolutions. There are some slight positive

evolutions – Italy with +0.3, Lithuania and Germany with +0.2, Austria and Hungary

with +0.1. The figures have fallen most in Finland and Slovakia, with a -2 evolution

observed in each. These are followed by the UK with an evolution of -1.8. Ten

Member States report a negative evolution of one full point or more.

Relating to the affordability of energy situation now as compared to that of five

years ago, only one Member State reports a positive score – Estonia, at the top of

the “current situation” ranking, with a score of +9. The least negative figures come

from the Czech Republic (-15, second in the “current situation” ranking) and Latvia

(-19, third in the “current situation” ranking). Negative results for this category are

uniformly high elsewhere, with the most negative responses coming from Greece (-

93), Malta (-87) and Cyprus (-86).

Since the previous wave, these figures have fallen in all but three Member States.

Lithuania’s score improved by +11, and Hungary’s by +5, while Cyprus’s remained

the same. The strongest negative evolution by far was noted in Slovakia (-41)

followed by Bulgaria (-33). Elsewhere, while some negative evolutions are relatively

slight, others are generally very negative – showing a slight worsening of the

perceived situation.

Estonia was also the only Member State to return an optimistic response for the

situation as it is set to develop over the next twelve months, with +6 on the

better/worse index. The least negative results were obtained in Latvia (-6) and Spain

(-10). The most pessimistic outlook can be found in Greece (-78), followed by

Portugal (-69), the UK (-68) and Germany (-67).

Positive evolutions can be observed in Lithuania (+23), followed by Romania (+13)

and Cyprus (+7). The majority of the other results evolved negatively, most notably

in Hungary (-33), Slovakia (-30) and Sweden (-25).


58

Figure 22: QB2.8, QB3.9 and QB4.9 – SD tables (index tables, showing evolutions)



Socio-demographically, for the affordability of energy current situation, gender

plays a part in shaping these results, with female respondents more negative than

male, -2.8 compared to -2.4. The situation is perceived less negatively according to

the level of education, with those who finished at 15 or before gave a score of -3.2,

compared to -2.9 from those who finished at age 16-19, -2.1 from those who

finished at age 20 or older, and -1.3 from those still studying.


59

Another pattern is observed regarding the financial situation of the respondent – with

those who report frequent financial difficulty giving a score of -4.4, the lowest of all

of the demographic categories, those who have occasional problems giving a score of

-3.3, and those who almost never have problems paying their bills giving a score of

-2.1.

The most severe negative evolution relating to the affordability of energy current

situation comes from unemployed respondents, whose score of -3.3 marks a

negative evolution of one point from the last survey. The situation is seen as

worsening more by those who have infrequent difficulties paying their bills compared

to those who frequently experience this – with evolutions of -0.8 and -0.4

respectively.

With regards to the situation now as it compares to that of five years ago,

variations can be observed relating to age, level of education, and financial situation

of the respondents. Younger people are less pessimistic –a score of -49 from the 15-

24 age group increases to -69 from the 55+ group. The respondents who finished

their education at 15 or younger give a score of -69, compared to -67 from those

who finished between 16-19, -65 from those who finished at age 20 or over, and -44

from current students. And those who report frequent financial difficulties give a

score of -74, compared to -68 from those who have occasional difficulties and -64

from those who almost never do. The most negative response within the occupation

group comes from the retired, with -72. Despite these variations, the situation is

seen to have worsened compared to that of five years ago in all categories, which all

have negative indexes.

There are no severe negative evolutions in these figures, although it is interesting to

note that two of the steepest drops came from the younger age group and students,

both of which returned only moderately negative scores (by comparison). The score

for the 15-24 age group saw a -11 evolution, and that for students a -10 change.

Most reactions to the expectations for the coming twelve months were around the

-40 to -50 scores. Students and the younger respondents gave the least negative

answer relating to this – with -26 and -27 respectively.

House persons and the unemployed were the only groups not to record a negative

evolution relating to expectations for the next twelve months. The score for the

former changed by +1, while the score for the latter remained the same. The

strongest downward evolutions were in relation to the scores from managers (-11)

and from respondents who report almost never having financial difficulties and

manual workers (both -9).


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2.5 Affordability of housing (QB2_9; QB3_10; QB4_1016)

The scores relating to affordability of housing in the EU are also negative, with

similar levels of dissatisfaction and lowered expectations as we have seen in other

instances relating to the general situation. Furthermore, the positive evolution

noticed in last year’s report has been undone by overall negative evolutions in this

wave of analysis.

The EU27 average for the current situation for this question is -3.3. The situation as

it compares to that of five years ago receives a score of -60 on the better/worse

index and the expectations for the next twelve months are set at -33.

The current situation score has decreased by -0.6, following on from last year’s

positive evolution of +0.4. The score for the five-year comparison has changed by

-8, and the score for the twelve-month expectations by -6.

16 QB2.9 How would you judge the current situation of... How affordable housing is in (our country), QB3.10 What are your expectations for the next twelve months; will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to…? How affordable housing is in (our country), QB4.10 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? How affordable housing is in (our country).


61

Figure 23: QB2.9, QAB.10 and QB4.10 – Score cards (index tables, showing evolutions)




62

Regarding the affordability of housing current situation, only six Member States

gave positive answers, all countries scoring below 1. Denmark gave the highest

score, with 0.9 – it was followed by Austria with 0.8, Estonia and Germany with 0.6,

and Sweden with 0.1. Latvia records a score of 0. The most negative responses came

from Cyprus (-7.3), Romania (-6.1), Lithuania (-6), Spain (-5.8) and Malta (-5.6).

Eleven Member States returned scores of -5 or lower.

Despite these low scores, there were some positive evolutions. The most obvious of

these can be found in Ireland’s result, where a low score of -2.2 marks an increase

of +0.9 on last year’s figure. Positive evolutions were also noticed in Austria,

Germany, the Czech Republic, Italy and Hungary. Several negative evolutions were

noticed – in Spain (-1.7), France (-1.5), Slovakia, the UK (both -1.3), Finland (-1.1),

Estonia, Malta and Luxembourg (all -1).

No positive comparisons with the affordability of housing situation of five

years ago were made, with Ireland’s score of -3 in this situation being the least

negative. It was followed by Latvia with -15 and Estonia with -16. The most negative

responses here came from Cyprus (-90), Spain (-81) and Luxembourg (-80).

Some positive evolutions were observed here, although they were for the most part

negative. Lithuania and Ireland recorded increases of +11 from last year’s data and

Hungary’s score increased by +6. Cyprus’s score remained the same. Major negative

evolutions were observed in Slovakia (-29), Sweden (-24) and Bulgaria (-20).

Estonia is the only Member State to record a positive score on the better/worse

index relating to expectations for the next twelve months, with +4. The least

negative responses are found in Ireland and Latvia, with a marginally negative score

of -1. The lowest scores were seen in Portugal (-65), Greece (-59) and Finland (-57).

Cyprus, the Member State which scored lowest on the current situation ranking, gave

a score of -53.

Again, there are some individual positive evolutions related to the expectations for

the near future, although they are found on Member States which have negative

scores for the affordability of housing current situation (except Estonia which has a

positive score for the current situation). The strongest were noted from results from

Romania (+12) and Lithuania (+11). Cyprus followed with an evolution of +4, and

Estonia with +2. The situation remained the same in Bulgaria and Italy, both of

which have relatively low negative scores on the index. The most striking negative

evolutions were noticed in Hungary (-32), Slovakia and Finland (both -20).


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Regarding the socio-demographic breakdowns, women respond with more negative

answers than men – with scores of -3.6 and -3.1 respectively for the affordability

of housing current situation. Education also has an impact on scores – with a

similar pattern to that which has been observed in several other questions in this

section. Those who finished their education before the age of 16 returned a score of

-3.7, followed by -3.5 from those who finished between 16 and 19, -3 from those

who finished at age 20 or over, and -2.7 from those who are still studying.


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Regarding the results relating to occupation, those who are employed in roles which

typically carry a higher degree of remuneration are less negative about the situation

than, for example, those without jobs (-2.5 for managers compared to -4.6 for the

unemployed). Respondents’ difficulty in paying bills has an understandable impact as

well, with a score of -5.3 from those who frequently experience financial difficulties

compared to -2.7 from those who almost never do.

These figures have almost all fallen compared to last year’s survey, with only the

answer from other white collars remaining the same. The most severe negative

evolution can be seen in answers from house persons – with a change of -1.1. The

unemployed reported a downward evolution of -0.9. Those who reported almost no

difficulty in paying their bills saw their score decrease by a greater degree than those

who report frequent financial difficulties (-0.7 compared to -0.4).

When considering the affordability of housing situation now compared to that of five

years ago, younger respondents are more likely to give a less negative response –

with the youngest age group scoring -50 compared to -62 from the other three

groups. We see the levels of negativity falling as respondents’ level of education

increases, and as their financial difficulties drop. Students remain least negative

about the situation, with a score of -43. People with frequent financial difficulties are

the most negative about the comparison, with a score of -74. The highest negative

evolutions here came from house persons and the retired, whose scores both fell by

-10.

Students are also least pessimistic about the twelve-month expectations, with a

score of -19 relating to this section of the question. The 15-24 age group follows,

with a score of -22. Almost every single group reported some decline in score

compared to the last wave of analysis, with the exception of house persons, whose

score of -34 was the same as in the last report.


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2.6 The way the public administration is run (QB2_10;

QB3_11; QB4_1117)

Respondents were next asked about the way public administration is run in

their country. It was observed in the last report that, out of all the questions in this

“general situation” category, this received the least negative responses, with a

relatively high number of “the same” responses. Last year’s figure remained similar

to that reported in the previous wave of analysis, with a small decrease of -0.1

points relating to the current situation. We see the same pattern emerging again in

this survey.

For the current situation, the score at EU level for the way that public administration

is run is -1.4, with a score of -31 on the better/worse index for the five-year

comparison and -15 for twelve month expectations. “The same” answers again make

up a large proportion of the results.

These figures have evolved downwards slightly in the case of the current situation

responses and the five-year comparison. The current situation score has changed by

-0.1, and the five-year comparison by -3. Expectations for the next twelve months

remain the same as recorded in the last wave of analysis.

17 QB2.10 How would you judge the current situation of... The way public administration runs in (our country), QB3.11. What are your expectations for the next twelve months; will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to…? The way public administration runs in (our country). QB4.11. Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The way public administration runs in (our country).


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Although there is, again, a considerable variation in the results recorded by

individual Member States, the picture is slightly better than those seen in relation to

answers to the previous questions – relating, as they do, to more immediate

personal concerns. Concerning the current situation of the way public

administration is run, Luxembourg records the highest score, with 2.4, followed by

Austria with 1.8, Sweden with 1.7, Estonia with 1.6 and Germany with 1.4. Eight

Member States record positive scores. The lowest-scoring nations were Greece (-

5.9), Romania (-5.8), Latvia (-4.9), Ireland (-3.8) and Portugal (-3.4). However the

scores are higher than those which relate to economic, housing and employment

situations, with Member States which scored both high and low in questions relating

to economic and general situations repeating this trend in relation to this question.

Several Member States reported increases in terms of evolution from the last wave

of analysis, although few were major – the main two being an increase of +0.8 from

Luxembourg and +0.7 from both Bulgaria and Latvia. This is accompanied by many

above-average negative evolutions, most notably from Spain (-1.5) and Slovenia

(-1.2).

The five-year comparison was generally low from individual Member States, with

two positive answers recorded: +8 from Estonia and +6 from Luxembourg. The least

negative answers were -5 from Austria and -8 from Belgium. The most negative

answers came from Greece with -68, Romania with -62 and Portugal with -56.

Positive and negative evolutions took place from Member States which ranked both

high and low in this instance. Strong positive evolutions were noticed in Ireland and

Lithuania (+9), Belgium and Germany (+7). Decreases were noticed in Spain (-15),

Portugal (-14), Poland (-11) and the Czech Republic (-10).

Expectations for the next twelve months were again positive in Estonia and

Luxembourg, which recorded scores of +11 and +7 respectively. Bulgaria also

reported a positive score of +11 on the better/worse index. Very negative scores

were recorded in Greece (-55), Portugal (-45) and Romania (-29), Member States

which have recorded consistently low expectations throughout the analysis so far.

The unmoving evolution at EU level for this category hides several individual

evolutions, both positive and negative: at one end of the scale, we see an evolution

of +17 in Denmark and +15 in Romania and, at the other, -23 from Hungary and -13

from Portugal and the Czech Republic.


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When it comes to the socio-demographic breakdowns, for the current situation of

the way public administration is run, lower levels of negativity are observed

from respondents who have remained in education longer – those who finished at 15

or younger gave a score of -1.7, with those who finished aged 16-19 giving a score

of -1.5 and those who finished at age 20 or older and also current students giving a

score of -1. The most obvious differences are related to occupation, with both the

self-employed and the unemployed giving scores of -2.4, compared to -0.5 from

managers and -1 from both the retired and current students. Financial situation is


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also seen to have an effect, with the score rising from -3.6 for those who have

difficulties paying their bills frequently to -0.7 for those who do not.

The self-employed and respondents who are still studying record the most noticeable

negative evolutions here, with their answers changing by -0.6 from last year. There

are just two slight positive evolutions here, from managers (+0.2) and manual

workers (+0.1). People with financial difficulties most of the time gave the same

answer as in the last report, as did the respondents who finished school between 16

and 19, white-collar workers and respondents aged 40-54.

Older respondents recorded increasingly negative answers relating to the five-year

comparison, as did people who left education earlier. As we have observed before,

increased difficulty in paying bills leads to a more negative impression – with -45

recorded by those who frequently have paying their bills compared to -25 from

people who almost never do.

Again, there were no positive evolutions here – only negative evolutions or no

change. The self-employed see the situation of the way public administration is run

as worsening the most, with an evolution of -12.

In terms of expectations for the next twelve months, a number of socio-

demographic groups reported results which are markedly less negative than others.

The youngest age group returned an average answer of -3 and current students one

of -2. Self-employed respondents returned a negative score of -20 and those in

financial difficulties a score of -25.

Positive evolutions were noticed in the answers given by unemployed people (+6)

and house persons (+4), whereas the self-employed – who may be informed by their

contact with national administrative systems such as tax offices – noting a decrease

of -4.


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CONCLUSIONS

Results regarding the general situation are, on the whole, a lot lower than those

observed in relation to the personal situation. It is likely that respondents find it

easier to be critical of the overall situation than they are about their own. Given that

there is a distinction between the types of questions asked in this section, it is also

unsurprising to see a slight variation in geographical patterns which are beginning to

be established – between the larger concepts of employment, finance and

governance, and the more specific questions of one particular commodity (energy).

It is important to note that the overall EU27 average results for the

individual questions – which are, by and large, low or negative – conceal

some individual positive scores.

This seems to be the case for all of the questions asked in this section. The mood

relating to the economic situation is negative – whether to the current situation or to

the five-year comparison – in the majority of Member States. The same can be said

of employment, the cost of living, the affordability of energy, the affordability of

housing, and the way in which public administration is run. In each of these

instances a familiar group of Member States appears near the top and bottom of

each list – with some variance in the ranking relating to consideration of energy.

We can note positive evolutions in the consideration of the economic and

employment situations, although the same cannot be said for the cost of living, the

affordability of energy, the affordability of housing, and the way in which public

administration is run. However, despite any positive evolutions, the situation is still

seen as negative overall.

The variations in these scores from the previous survey in May 2010 highlight the

on-going effect of the economic crisis. Although the economic and the employment

situation at a national level is seen as beginning to improve, the mood of negativity

relating to aspects which have a daily impact on the lives of citizens is worsening in

several instances. The crisis still has a considerable impact on the lives of

citizens, although some positive tendencies can be detected.

Again, we can see the closeness to the top of the ranking in most instances of the

Nordic and Benelux Member States, joined in several instances by Germany and

Austria. Greece, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Portugal generally report lower

levels of satisfaction. The rankings are very different in the consideration of energy

prices, although this is presumably due to individual circumstances controlled by

local and national governments and industry.


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3. SOCIAL PROTECTION AND INCLUSION

In this third section of the report, aspects of social protection and inclusion are

considered. Opinion of these aspects of EU life was measured in the same way as for

all the previous questions; the topics covered are provision of health care, provision

of pensions, unemployment benefits, relations between people from different cultural

backgrounds and the way inequalities and poverty are addressed in each Member

State.

3.1 Health care provision (QB2_2; QB3_3; QB4_318)

Opinion relating to the provision of healthcare in EU Member States is

tentatively positive. In last year’s report (May 2010), a positive answer was also

noted – which itself had not changed from the report carried out before that (May

2009). The overall average score for EU27 is 1.2, relating to the current situation. However,

the situation compared to that of five years ago is -33 on the better/worse index,

with expectations for the next twelve months receiving a score of -18. In terms of evolution, a minor negative change of -0.1 is observed for the result

relating to the current situation. The five-year comparison result has decreased by -4

compared to the last wave of analysis and the expectations for the coming twelve

months have increased by +1 point on the scale.

18 QB2.2 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? Health care provision in (OUR COUNTRY), QB3.3 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The healthcare system in (OUR COUNTRY), QB4.3 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The healthcare system in (OUR COUNTRY)


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The majority of Member States report positive scores for the national health care

system current situation, although there is a difference between the top-scoring

and bottom-scoring countries on the ranking. Belgium returns the highest score, with

6.3, followed by Luxembourg and the Netherlands with 5.3, Austria with 5.2, the UK

with 4 and Malta with 3.6. The lowest-scoring Member States are Romania (-5.1),

Greece (-3.7), Bulgaria (-2.8), Latvia (-2.6) and Poland (-2.4). We can notice

general geographical patterns emerging in this ranking as have been observed

elsewhere – particularly positive views noted in the Nordic and Benelux Member

States and negative ones noted in several Southern, Central and Eastern European

countries.

Thirteen Member States report positive evolutions, although these are, for the most

part, slight. The remainder, apart from Denmark, where no change is observed,

record negative evolutions. The largest positive evolution is in top-scoring Belgium,

with an increase of +1; this is followed by the Netherlands, with +0.7. The UK, which

is placed fifth in the ranking, shows a change of -0.4 compared to the last wave of

analysis. The most obvious downward evolutions can be observed in Slovakia (-2.1)

and the Czech Republic (-1.2). Romania shows a downward evolution of -0.9. These

evolutions demonstrate that the gap between countries has widened since

the previous survey, where scores ranged from 5.3 in Belgium to -4.2 in

Romania. The situation in the wealthier countries has improved, whereas

that in the countries at the bottom of the scale has worsened.

Despite the negative EU27 average, there are some instances where the score for

the national health care system situation compared to that of five years ago

is quite positive. We can observe this in Malta (+29), Belgium (+13) and Cyprus

(+12). However, the negative scores from other Member States outweigh this. In

particular, Romania (-79), Greece (-73) and Slovakia (-57) record very negative

scores.

Strong positive evolutions were noticed in Lithuania (+13), Belgium (+10), Bulgaria

(+5), Denmark and Germany (+4). Major negative evolutions were noticed in

Slovakia (-32), the Czech Republic (-22), Spain (-17), Greece (-16), Romania (-14)

and the UK (-13).

Expectations for the next twelve months are positive in Malta (+18), Estonia

(+9) and Cyprus (+3). The remaining Member States return negative scores,

demonstrating a low level of optimism across most of Europe. The highest levels of

pessimism were found in Greece (-59), the Netherlands (-43), the Czech Republic

(-38) and Germany and Slovakia (both -37).

In terms of evolution, Lithuania (+18), Denmark (+15), Latvia, Germany (both

+13), Bulgaria, Romania and Cyprus (each +9) recorded strong positive evolutions


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from the last wave of analysis. The largest negative evolutions were found in

Hungary (-33), Slovakia (-30) and the Czech Republic (-22).




Broken down by socio-demographic groups, male respondents view the national

health care system current situation as better than female respondents – with a

score of 1.4 compared to 0.9. Those who finished their education at the age of 15

(0.9) and those from education group 16-19 (0.8) are also less positive than those

who finished at the age of 20 or older (1.9), or who are still studying (2.1).


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Managers (2.1), other white-collar workers (1.3) and the retired (1.3) are more

likely to be positive about the situation than manual workers (0.8), the self-

employed (0.6), unemployed people (0.4) and house persons (0.3). A negative result

relating to the current situation (-0.7) is recorded by people who experience frequent

difficulties paying their bills, which can be compared to a result of 1.8 from people

who almost never do.

Positive evolutions are slight here, although the comparatively strong scores

recorded by male respondents, the 40-54 age group, current students and other

white-collar workers have remained the same as they were last year. A positive

evolution of +0.2 was noticed in the score from respondents who report frequent

financial difficulties and those who studied longest. The strongest negative evolution

was recorded by the self-employed, with a change of -0.4.

The five-year comparison is viewed more harshly by older respondents than

younger – we can compare the score of -19 from the 15-24 age group with scores

below -30 from the 25-39, 40-54 and 55+ age groups. Scores are also impacted by

respondents’ financial situation: -44 from those who experience frequent problems,

-41 from those with occasional problems and -30 from those who almost never have

difficulties.

Evolutions for this category were generally negative, with large decreases compared

to the last wave of analysis returned by the 15-24 age group (-9) and current

students (-8), both of which groups also returned relatively non-pessimistic scores.

The score recorded for unemployed people evolved by +1 point to -31.

The only positive score relating to twelve-month expectations regarding the

national health care system was returned by current students, with +1. In all other

categories, a negative score was recorded. Significant differences were recorded

within the age-groups: respondents aged 15-24 gave a score of -1, the 25-39 group

a score of -14, the 40-54 group -26 and the 55+ group -24. Students’ positive score

of +1 can be compared to negative scores from the other three education categories,

all of which are around the same level, with -22 from those who finished education

at age 15 and under, -21 from those who finished at age 16-19, and -20 from those

who finished at age 20 or older. Also those who have almost never difficulties in

paying bills (-17) are less pessimistic than those who have from time to time (-19)

and most of the time (-26).

In contrast to the five year comparison, almost all of these scores in regard to

expectations for the near future either remained the same or evolved positively. The

only negative evolutions were noticed from people who report frequent financial

difficulties (-3), managers (-2) and those who finished their education at 15 or

younger (also -2).


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3.2 Provision of pensions (QB2_3; QB3_4; QB4_419) Demographic previsions20 say that the EU will reach its peak in terms of population in

2040, and its population will then start to decline. In 50 years, the proportion of EU

citizens aged 65 and older will exceed 30% when it’s currently 17%. This will have

an increasing impact on the issue of provisions of pensions, and European citizens

show their concern about that: as was observed in last year’s survey, opinion

regarding the provision of pensions is still negative – and continues to become more

so. The EU27 average is -1.5 for the current situation. A score of -47 is recorded on

the better/worse index for the situation now as it compares to that from five years

ago and a score of -30 is returned for expectations for the next twelve months.

As noted in the last wave of analysis, a negative evolution is observed here – this

time, with a change of -0.3. The five-year comparison sees a negative evolution of

-5. Expectations for the next twelve months have improved, however, by +4.

19 QB2.3 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? The provision of pensions in (OUR COUNTRY), QB3.4 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The provision of pensions in (OUR COUNTRY), QB4.4 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The provision of pensions in (OUR COUNTRY) 20 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/3-08062011-BP/EN/3-08062011-BP-EN.PDF


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The overall negative score for the provision of pensions current situation

represents a variation in answers on an individual Member State level. Luxembourg

returns the highest score, with 4.9, followed by the Netherlands (3.4), Austria (3.1),

Denmark (3), and Belgium (1.3). Eight Member States returned positive scores in

total (the aforementioned, along with Finland, Sweden, and Germany with positive

scores). The lowest scores were noticed in Greece (-6.3), Romania (-6.2), Latvia (-

5.1), Bulgaria (-4.9) and Lithuania (-4.5). Once again, we see a familiar group of

Member States near the top and the bottom of the ranking, indicating general

negative levels of feeling when financial and economic matters are considered by

citizens of these aforementioned Member States.

Despite the overall negative evolution, some positive changes were noticed in

individual Member States when these scores are compared to last year’s survey.

Italy saw a positive evolution of +0.7, Austria of +0.6 and Luxembourg of +0.4.

Strong negative evolutions were noticed in Malta (-2.3), Slovakia and Estonia (both

-1.9) and the Czech Republic (-1.4).

Cyprus, with +3, was the only Member State to report a positive score for the

situation now compared with that of five years ago. The least negative scores

were recorded in Estonia (-1) and Luxembourg (-10). More negative responses were

recorded in a large number of other Member States, particularly in Greece (-93),

Romania (-79) and Portugal (-68).

The evolution of these scores was also largely negative. Five Member States returned

positive evolutions: Lithuania recorded the highest evolution (+11), followed by

Germany and Belgium (+5 both), Italy (+3) and Austria (+1). The strongest

negative evolutions were noticed in Slovakia (-31), Malta (-25), the Czech Republic

(-17) and Spain (-16).

Estonia was the only Member State to return a positive score relating to expectations

for the next twelve months, with +7. This can be compared to some very negative

responses from other Member States – particularly Greece (-78), the Czech Republic,

Portugal (both -55) and the Netherlands, which gave a negative score of -53 despite

its position near the top of the ranking by current situation.

Strong evolutions can be seen on this index. Important positive evolutions are noted,

particularly in Lithuania, where the score increased by +37 and Romania, with an

evolution of +23. The strongest negative evolution was observed in Hungary with

-36. High percentages of “the same” answers were returned by a number of

individual Member States for this question.


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Socio-demographically, as observed throughout this analysis, male respondents

are more likely to respond in a more optimistic way than female ones – with a score

of -1.3 for the provision of pensions current situation, compared to -1.6. The 55+

age group are also less negative than the other age groups (15-24, 25-39, 40-54)

about this topic, with an above-average score of -0.9 compared to the scores

between -1.7 and -1.9 for the rest of the age groups. We can also note that

managers and retired are less negative about the provision of pensions – with scores

of -0.4 and -0.8 respectively. These can be compared to a score of -3 from the

unemployed, -2.2 from house persons and -2.4 from the self-employed. Financial

situation has a strong impact upon answers – those who encounter frequent difficulty


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give a score of -4 compared to -0.6 from those who almost never do. Retired people,

personally impacted by this issue, give a score of -0.8; negative, but below the

average.

The strongest negative evolutions came from the 15-24 age group (-0.9), students,

and the self-employed (both -0.7). Respondents who report frequent financial

difficulties recorded a positive evolution of +0.1, although the score for this wave

remains very low.

Scores for the five-year comparison were uniformly around the average level,

although improvements can be noted according to the following criteria: age of the

respondent (with the score worsening as the age increases), level of education

(score improves as this increases) and financial situation (score increases as this

improves). The 55+ age-group returns a slightly less negative score of -47 compared

with the 40-54 group (with -54).

Strong negative evolutions for the five-year comparison scores were noted from

managers (-12) and students (-11). A positive evolution of +4 was noticed on the

score given by the unemployed.

Regarding expectations for the next twelve months, students are the least

pessimistic of all of the groups of respondents – with a score of -15. Managers are

the most negative about this, with a score of -41. Even though the scores for most

groups are uniformly negative, they have improved on the results of the last wave of

analysis in all instances, except for managers who recorded a negative evolution of

-1 point. The strongest positive evolution comes from the unemployed with +13 and

house persons with +9.


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3.3 Unemployment benefits (QB2_4; QB3_5; QB4_521)

The perception regarding unemployment benefits is, on the whole, pessimistic,

although the view of the current situation has improved on last year’s results – which

had fallen from the previous wave of analysis (with -0.2 score points since 2009).

The EU27 average is -1.2 for the current situation. The situation now as compared to

five years ago scores -37 on the better/worse index, with expectations for the next

twelve months recording a score of -24. The twelve-month expectations question

was also answered with a comparatively high number of “the same” answers – 49%

on average.

Despite the overall negative picture, the evolution from the last year survey, for two

dimensions, is positive: the current situation score has improved by +0.2 and the

score for the next twelve months has increased by +8. The score for the five-year

comparison remains the same.

21 QB2.4 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? Unemployment benefits in (OUR COUNTRY), QB3.5 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? Unemployment benefits in (OUR COUNTRY), QB4.5 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? Unemployment benefits in (OUR COUNTRY)


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When describing the unemployment benefits current situation, eleven Member

States record positive scores for this question. The highest scores come from

Luxembourg (4.7), Austria (3.7), the Netherlands (3.1), Belgium (2.8) and Denmark

(2.2). Romania, with -6.3, marks the lowest score on the ranking, followed by

Greece (-6), Hungary (-5), Bulgaria (-4.9) and Latvia (-4.4).

There are some strong positive evolutions in these results, particularly in the upper

half of the ranking. Germany’s score evolved by +1.4, Slovenia’s by +1.2 and

Luxembourg’s by +0.9; and Austria’s and Belgium’s scores both by +0.8. The largest

negative evolutions were noted in the Czech Republic (-1.5) and Latvia (-1.1).

Although the score for the five-year comparison is low at EU level, Luxembourg

returned a positive result of +7. The least negative scores came from Austria and

Belgium, with -5 both, followed by Estonia (-9). The most negative scores were

recorded in Greece (-83), Romania (-75) and Portugal (-69). These results support

patterns observed in other sections of the analysis, with a great degree of general

dissatisfaction observed in specific Member States – including Greece, Romania and

Portugal – and a degree of positivity or, at least, reduced negativity in others – such

as those in the Nordic region and Benelux region.

The five-year comparison results saw strong positive and negative evolutions.

Increases were noted in Germany (+19), Lithuania (+17) and Belgium (+9) among

others. Particularly negative evolutions were noted in the Czech Republic (-20)

Slovakia (-18) and Latvia (-17), again, mirroring a pattern outlined in previous

analysis.

Sweden and Estonia both report slight levels of optimism for the unemployment

benefits situation over the next twelve months, with scores of +4. The situation is

regarded with a greater degree of pessimism elsewhere in Europe – particularly in

Greece (-75), Portugal (-58) and the Czech Republic (-54). The majority of Member

States expect the situation to worsen.

However, there were some very strong evolutions from the last wave of analysis,

particularly in Lithuania, Germany (both +31) and Romania (+21). A strong negative

evolution was noticed in Hungary, of -39.


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Regarding the socio-demographic groups, we can observe that the level of

education has an impact on the scores relating to the national unemployment

benefits current situation – with those who finished their education at 15 or younger

returning a score of -2 compared to -1.4 from those who finished aged 16-19 and

-0.1 from those who finished at age 20 or older. Occupation also plays a part with

managers giving a positive score of 0.5, compared with negative responses from all

other groups. Unemployed respondents, whose answers should be observed with

particular attention in this instance, are particularly negative, with a score of -2.9.

Financial situation is also an important factor, with those in frequent financial


85

difficulty giving a score of -3.6 compared to -0.2 from those who almost never have

problems paying their bills.

Several of these scores have evolved in a positive direction, most notably those from

those who experience frequent financial difficulties and the retired (+0.5 both). The

highest negative evolutions were recorded by the self-employed (-0.3) and students

(-0.2).

Level of education affects also the five-year comparison – with those who finished

studying at age 15 or younger giving a score of -43 compared to -39 from those who

finished aged 16-19, -35 from those who finished at age 20 or older and -25 from

current students. The scores also become less negative as the respondent’s financial

situation improves, with those reporting frequent difficulties giving a score of -54,

those who report occasional difficulties giving a score of -48 and those who report

almost no difficulty a score of -30. There were very few strong evolutions for this

dimension, with the exception of the self-employed, whose score changed by -7 to a

relatively low -43 and managers, who recorded a decrease of -6 points on last year’s

survey. The unemployed reported a positive evolution of +4.

Regarding expectations for the next twelve months, age and financial situation had

the most pronounced impact on scores. The youngest age band, 15-24, gave a score

of -14, compared to -24 from the 25-39 age group, -30 from the 40-54 age group

and -25 from the 55+ age group. The score for respondents who experienced

financial difficulty is -36, compared to -21 from those who almost never do.

There are a number of strong positive evolutions in this dimension, notably from

house persons (+13), the respondents who finished their education aged 16-19

(+11), the retired, the unemployed and respondents aged 55+ (all +10). There were

no negative evolutions.


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3.4 Relations between people from different cultural

backgrounds (QB2_6; QB3_7; QB4_722)

When questioned about the relations between people from different cultural

and religious backgrounds or nationalities, the EU perception on the current

situation is very slightly positive (0.1). The situation is seen to have worsened over

the last five years (-23) and the outlook for the next twelve months is similarly

gloomy (-11).

The figures relating to the current situation and five-year comparison have fallen

since the last wave of analysis. The current situation has decreased by -0.2, the five-

year figure by -2. The twelve-month expectations score has evolved positively, by

+1. However, these changes are relatively limited, and overall, the situation has

stayed quite stable regarding this dimension since the previous survey in May 2010.

22 QB2.6 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? Relations in (OUR COUNTRY) between people from different cultural or religious backgrounds or nationalities, QB3.7 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? Relations in (OUR COUNTRY) between people from different cultural or religious backgrounds or nationalities, QB4.7 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? Relations in (OUR COUNTRY) between people from different cultural or religious backgrounds or nationalities


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88

The number of Member States reporting negative scores relating to the current

situation regarding the relations between people from different cultural

backgrounds is smaller than noticed in answers to previous questions. The ratings

given are also far more moderate and closer to 0 (from both the positive and

negative side) than seen elsewhere. This is potentially due to a number of reasons: it

is a sensitive topic of discussion and also is not concerned with respondents’ personal

financial situation as closely as most of the other questions asked. Luxembourg

(2.8), Estonia, Ireland (both 1.8), Slovakia (1.6) and Bulgaria (1.4) report the

highest scores here, with Greece (-2), France (-1.4), the Czech Republic (-1.3),

Hungary (-1.1) and Denmark (-1) giving the lowest scores. It is interesting to note

that it is more difficult to spot geographical patterns in this ranking, when compared

to the responses to other questions.

A number of strong individual negative evolutions are recorded, particularly in the

Czech Republic (-1.2), Cyprus (-1.1), Poland and Spain (both -0.8), Latvia and

Hungary (both -0.7). The strongest positive evolutions were not as major as this –

the situation is deemed to be improved in Italy (+0.6), Ireland and Malta (both

+0.5).

As it is seen as a sensitive topic, the numbers of “the same” responses are higher

than previously seen in other questions in this section in regard to the five-year

comparison and the twelve-month expectations.

Positive scores for the five-year comparison were recorded in Estonia (+6) and

Malta (+1). The most negative results came from Greece (-62), the Netherlands

(-46) and Slovenia (-44). There are some fairly positive evolutions in the data as it

compares to the last wave of analysis: Finland, for example, with +7, Malta with +6

and France with +5. Strong negative evolutions were noted in Greece (-27), Cyprus

(-24) and Portugal (-19).

The situation is generally expected to worsen over the next year, although

optimism was recorded in Estonia (+17), Bulgaria (+12), Lithuania (+4) and Latvia

(+1). Highest levels of pessimism were noted in Greece (-55), Cyprus (-31),

Slovenia and the Czech Republic (-29) and Portugal (-28). There were a few notable

evolutions in both directions here. Positive changes were noted in the Netherlands

(+13), Lithuania (+8), Bulgaria and Romania (+6), amongst others; negative

changes in Hungary (-18), Greece (-17) and Cyprus (-13).


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When describing the socio-demographic groups, younger respondents are

generally more positive about this matter than older ones regarding the national

current situation of the relations between people from different cultural

backgrounds – with a score of 0.3 from the 15-24 age group, 0.2 from the 25-39 age

group and 0.1 from respondents aged 40 and over. The score also increases

according to respondents’ level of education – from the lowest score of -0.2 from

those who finished aged 15 or younger, compared to 0.4 from those who finished

aged 20 and over and current students. With regard to occupation, the unemployed

subset is the only category within the occupation category to report a negative score


90

(-0.1). Financial status has a distinct effect, with those who suffer frequent financial

and intermittent difficulties in paying their bills reporting negative scores (-0.8 and

-0.3) and those who have little difficulty giving a score of 0.5. The evolution of these

scores was largely negative, although managers and white-collar workers both

reported a very slight increase of +0.1 in comparison to last year’s figures.

In regard to the five-year comparison, and in common with many other questions

covered by this survey, age, level of education and financial situation have a clear

effect on the results returned. The 15-24 age-group gives a score of -11, which

drops to -29 from the 55+ group. Those who finished their education at age 15 or

younger give a score of -29, compared to -27 from those who finished aged 16-19,

-21 from those who finished at age 20 or older and -7 from those who are still

studying. People who have frequent problems paying their bills give a score of -33,

compared to -27 from those who infrequently have problems doing so and -22 from

those who almost never do. It is possible that the age of respondents influences

results due to increasingly multi-cultural societies over the past few generations in

many EU Member States.

Most of the evolutions relating to the five-year comparison were negative, with the

exception of the scores given by managers (+2) and those who finished education

aged 20 or older (+1). Manual workers returned the biggest negative evolution of -5.

For white-collar workers and for those aged 25-39, the situation remained the same.

Students and the 15-24 age-group give the only positive results for the situation of

the relations between people from different cultural backgrounds as it is expected to

change over the next twelve months, with scores of +4 and +3 respectively.

Those who finished education aged 15 or younger gave the lowest score of -20,

followed by respondents who frequently have difficulties paying their bills with -19.

The results largely evolved positively, with a few exceptions that include:

respondents who frequently experience financial difficulties (-4), those who finished

their education earliest (-3), manual workers (-2), the 40-54 age group and male

respondents (-1).


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3.5 The way inequalities and poverty are addressed

(QB2_7; QB3_8; QB4_823)

Turning now to the question of how inequalities and poverty are addressed,

we can see a general negative picture – and, as observed in the last survey,

decreases compared to the previous wave of analysis. The EU27 average for the

current situation for this topic is -2.5, with the five-year comparison scoring -36 on

the better/worse index and expectations for the next twelve months scoring -20.

The score for the current situation has changed by -0.3. The five-year comparison

sees a negative evolution of -4, while the score for expectations over the next twelve

months remains the same as in the last wave of analysis.

23 QB2.7 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? The way inequalities and poverty are addressed in (OUR COUNTRY), QB3.8 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The way inequalities and poverty are addressed in (OUR COUNTRY), QB4.8 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The way inequalities and poverty are addressed in (OUR COUNTRY)


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93

Luxembourg was the only Member State to return a positive score to this question,

relating to the national current situation regarding the way inequalities and

poverty are addressed, with 1.1. Austria and Malta both returned neutral scores of

0. Every other Member State reported a negative score here. The Member States

with the lowest scores are Latvia (-6.1), Romania, Greece (both -5.7), Lithuania (-

5.5) and Hungary (-4.9). It should be noted than like certain previous cases cited,

the gap between countries at the top and countries at the bottom of the scale has

also widened since last year, and ranged from 0.4 in Luxembourg to -5.8 in

Romania. The high negative response to this question follows the geographical

patterns noted in the ranking for other questions, with the Benelux and Nordic

Member States appearing near the top of the list with positive or slightly negative

scores.

Positive evolutions were noticed in top-ranking Luxembourg (+0.7) and Italy (+0.5).

Most other Member States recorded negative evolutions, with the strongest occurring

in the Czech Republic (-1.6), Spain (-1.1), Cyprus (-1), Sweden, Poland and Greece

(-0.9).

No positive scores are recorded relating to the situation now compared to that of

five years ago. The least negative come from Malta with -1 and Luxembourg with

-2. The most negative scores are recorded in Greece (-78), Romania (-61) and

Portugal (-54). There are, however, some positive evolutions – particularly notable in

Germany (+12) and Lithuania (+10). Many strong downward evolutions were

noticed, particularly in Spain (-19), Greece (-17), Poland (-16) and the Netherlands

(-14).

Optimistic scores for the twelve-month expectations were recorded in Sweden

(+5), Estonia and Luxembourg (both +3) and Malta (+1). Very negative scores came

from Greece (-64), Portugal (-44), Slovenia and the Netherlands (-40 both). This

overall slight evolution conceals a number of varied positive and negative evolutions

from individual Member States. Positive changes were noticed particularly in

Lithuania (+17), Denmark (+16), Romania (+14) and Germany (+12). The strongest

negative evolutions were noted in Hungary (-33), Portugal (-14) and Slovenia (-13).


94




Socio-demographically speaking, female respondents view the national current

situation regarding the way inequalities and poverty are addressed more

negatively than male respondents – with a score of -2.7 compared to -2.4. Age has

some impact upon the results, with the youngest group,15-24, giving a score of -2,

compared to -2.5 from both the 25-39 group and the 55+ group, and -2.9 from the

40-54 group.


95

Education has also an impact, with those who finished their studies at age 15 or

younger and those who finished between 16-19 giving scores of -2.7 and -2.8

respectively. Those who finished at 20 or over returned a score of -2.1 and the

current students a score of -1.7. A distinct difference is noticed in the answers given

by those who experience frequent financial difficulties, with a score of -4.5 and those

who almost never do, with one of -1.9.

No positive evolutions were observed here. The largest negative evolutions came

from the self-employed (-0.7) and the unemployed (-0.6).

The same patterns indicated above may also be observed in the five-year

comparison table, where major evolutions can be found in scores given by the self-

employed (-9) and students (the only positive evolution of +1).

While levels of optimism are generally low regarding the next twelve months, the

same patterns are again observed – with scores worsening for those in financial

difficulty and getting better as the level of education increases. It is interesting to

note a number of positive evolutions in these results as well, particularly from the

unemployed, whose score rises by +9 to -16.


96

CONCLUSIONS

The results for social protection and inclusion are, encouragingly, either

slightly more positive or less negative than those supplied by the general

situation results, although not as positive as those recorded, in general, for

the personal situation.

On average, healthcare sees a negative evolution of -0.1 for the current situation

and -4 for the situation now as compared to five years ago, while the EU average for

the twelve-month expectations has evolved positively by +1. In this instance, we

note patterns which appear frequently throughout the final section of the report:

indexes for the current situation, and the comparison with the situation as it was five

years ago have generally decreased since last year’s survey – except for

unemployment benefits –, whereas EU27 averages regarding the twelve-month

expectations have increased since last year’s report for all the subjects analysed in

this chapter, except for the last one, the way inequalities and poverty are addressed

in their countries (stable).

Pension provision is, overall, seen in a negative light for the current situation, as are

unemployment benefits. However, the latter have seen a positive evolution of +0.2

on last year’s score. Unemployment benefits, in particular, highlight another pattern

which emerges from this chapter: even though unemployed people often return very

negative scores, the evolution of these scores for expectations for the coming twelve

months is frequently positive. This indicates that the situation regarding social

protection and inclusion is seen as better for the near future.

Young people are less likely to be negative regarding the topic of cultural differences,

perhaps due to increasingly multicultural societies in Europe in recent decades. This

question drew the least varied responses out of all of those asked in this chapter.

Reasons can be either because it is a sensitive issue or one which does not impact

upon respondents’ perceived quality of life in the same way that financial,

employment or government-based decisions do. These can be compared to answers

far more positive and negative in other questions. Despite this, though, negative

evolutions were still observed.

For the most analysed subjects of this chapter, the Member States appearing at the

top and bottom of each ranking relating to the current situation were similar to those

seen elsewhere throughout this report: Benelux and Nordic countries at the top of

the ranking and Eastern countries plus Greece at the bottom of the list. However,

there is an exception, for relations between people from different cultural and

religious backgrounds or nationalities: in this case, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Latvia are

amongst the countries at the top of the ranking, while Denmark, Belgium and France

are at the bottom.


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THREE AGGREGATE MEASURES OF THE SOCIAL

CLIMATE

We can now analyse the aggregate scores for each of the three individual sections

analysed in this report: personal situation, general situation, and social protection

and inclusion. And then, to the overall score, that summarises in one score the

results of all dimensions analysed in the survey.

These scores relate to the current situation and their evolution from the last wave

of analysis is also examined.

As the result of the report from last year, across the European Union, there is a

distinct difference between the three sections examined in this report. Respondents’

opinion on their personal situation is relatively good, with a positive score of 2.7 at

EU level. This represents an increase of +0.2 from last year’s result. The picture

related to the general situation, with a negative index (-2.8), indicates that,

overall, the perception of Europeans on the general situation in their country is

pessimistic. This score represents also a drop of -0.1 from last year survey. The

aggregate score for social protection and inclusion is also negative; however, the

overall perception on this matter is less pessimistic than for the general situation,

with a score of -0.8, representing a decrease of -0.1 point since last year.

Finally, the overall score that summarises the results of all dimensions from the

three different sections is negative, -0.6. But it should be noted that this score

represents a slight improvement since 2010 of 0.1 point.


98

Figure 37: Overall country ranking of the current situation




99

The country by country analysis confirms the large differences of situation between

Member States. In the above table, the results are ranked by the overall score and,

as in the last year’s report; they show a certain similarity between the Member

States at the top and at the bottom of this index (overall score) and that which

relates to the personal situation (Benelux, Nordic countries, Austria, Germany and

the UK at the top of the list and Eastern countries, Lithuania and Latvia, Portugal and

Greece at the bottom of the list). Sweden’s score of 6.3 puts it at the top of the

personal situation ranking, followed by Denmark (5.7), Finland (5.5), Luxembourg

(5.4), the Netherlands (5.3), and Belgium (4.6). Here we see a confirmation of the

repeated pattern, often observed in the survey, with Nordic and Benelux Member

States scoring well in relation to individual citizens’ situations. These positive results

also contrast sharply with the lowest-scoring Member States on the list: Bulgaria

(-1.2), Hungary, Romania (both -1) and Greece (-0.9), which are the only Member

States generating negative scores in this particular index.

Generally speaking, the indexes have increased in an absolute majority of Member

States (15), stayed stable in six countries, and decreased in six others: in most

countries, respondents’ feeling regarding their personal situation is better than it was

last year. Even if these evolutions are moderate, it seems that Europeans are less

affected by the consequences of the crisis on their personal life than in May 2010.

The evolution was strongest in Italy (+0.9) and Malta (+0.6), the latter being a

Member State which has experienced a strong improvement with regard to

employment. Improvements were also recorded in Germany (+0.5), Romania,

Estonia, Finland and Belgium (all +0.4), among others. There were negative

evolutions in Cyprus and Slovakia (both -0.4), Hungary, Slovenia and Ireland (all

-0.3).

The overall general situation index has stayed quite stable since last year: it

gathered more modest positive scores and a large number of considerably more

negative ones than those for the personal situation: as might have been expected,

Europeans are more inclined to be more negative about the general situation in their

country than about their own personal situation. Austria leads the ranking with 1.6,

followed by Sweden with 1, the Netherlands with 0.8, Germany with 0.7, Denmark

with 0.3 and Luxembourg with 0.1. The 21 other Member States had negative scores

on this index, the most negative ones being recorded in Greece (-6.8), Romania

(-6.6), Ireland (-5.4), Portugal (-5.3), Hungary (-5.2) and Lithuania (-5.1). There is

considerable similarity between the positions on the ranking of Member States

between this index and the personal situation index.


100

Strong positive evolutions are observed in Germany (+1.2), Austria (+0.6), Belgium

(+0.5), Italy and the Netherlands (both +0.4). Positive evolutions were also noted in

Luxembourg, Lithuania and Hungary. In 18 Member States, the general situation

index has decreased since May 2010: the strongest negative evolutions were found

in Spain, Slovakia (both -1.2), Slovenia, Malta and the UK (all -0.9). Sweden and

Denmark, both relatively high-scoring Member States for the current general

situation, both saw negative evolutions – of -0.1 and -0.5 respectively. Bulgaria is

the only country in which the index stayed stable (-3.6).

The majority of the countries recorded negative scores for the topic related to the

social protection and inclusion, but it should be noted that, generally, these

scores are less negative than those for the general situation. Germany, Sweden and

Estonia are exceptions here: they are the only Member States which have a lower

index of social protection and inclusion situation compared to the general situation

index (respectively 0.7, 1 and -0.8 for the general situation index, compared to 0.4,

0.2 and -2 for the social protection and inclusion index). The highest positive scores

were recorded in relation to social protection and inclusion in Luxembourg (3.8),

Austria (2.7), the Netherlands (2.3), Belgium (1.7) and Denmark (1.2). The lowest

scores came from Greece (-4.9), Romania (-4.7), Latvia (-3.6), Hungary (-3.5) and

Bulgaria (-3.4). Again, we see similarities between the ranking of the Member States

in relation to the scores for the personal situation and the general situation (Benelux

and the Nordic countries at the top of the list and Eastern countries, Latvia,

Lithuania, Portugal and Greece, at the bottom of the list).

Here, positive evolutions were noted in Italy (+0.7), which showed reasonably strong

evolutions in all three categories – personal situation; general situation; social

protection and inclusion –, Luxembourg (+0.6), Germany and Austria (+0.4 both).

However, the majority of the evolutions were negative – in 18 Member States in

total –, most notably in the Czech Republic (-1.3), Slovakia (-1.1), Estonia and Spain

(both -0.9), Latvia and Cyprus (both -0.7).

Finally, in terms of the overall ranking that summarises the index scores of all

dimensions analysed in the report, Luxembourg was the highest-ranking Member

State on the list, with an overall score of 2.8. It was followed by Austria (2.7), the

Netherlands (2.5), Sweden (2.2), Denmark (2.1), Germany (1.4), Belgium (1.2) and

Finland (1.1). This group of Member States, geographically quite closely-clustered,

recorded the only positive scores in the overall score index. The UK gave the least

negative score (-0.1), followed by Malta and Estonia (both with -0.3). The most

negative overall scores came from Greece (-4.6), Romania (-4.4), Hungary (-3.6),

Bulgaria (-3) and Lithuania (-2.9). Portugal and Latvia both followed with -2.7.


101

Despite the slight improvement of the overall index at EU level, the detailed country

analysis reveals that 10 countries recorded positive evolutions, vs. 17 where the

evolutions were negative. The top-ranking three Member States all showed positive

evolution from the last wave of analysis. The strongest positive evolutions for the

overall score were noted in Germany and Italy, with +0.7. The strongest negative

evolutions came from Cyprus and Slovakia, both with -0.9, the Czech Republic with

-0.8 and Spain with -0.7. When the overall scores ranged from 2.5 for Luxembourg

to -4.5 in Romania in May 2010, they now range from 2.8 (Luxembourg) to -4.6

(Greece): the gap has widened between the top and the bottom countries.

The analysis of these aggregate indexes tells us that, at a time where the European

economy is getting better after severe months of recession, the impact of this

economic improvement is starting to make itself felt in European respondents’

opinions on their personal situation, but not yet regarding their country’s

situation. The aggregate index of personal situation has improved since May

2010 at the EU level, and more precisely, in 15 Member States. However, Europeans’

evaluation of the general situation and the social protection and inclusion

situation in their countries has continued to deteriorate slightly since last year. The

combination of these movements in both directions makes the overall index of the

current situation quite stable, with a slight improvement of +0.1 point though.

It should be noted that the overall index describes only the indexes of the current

situation, and does not describe the general trend towards improvement when it

comes to predictions for the short term future: this will be described in the general

conclusion.


102

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS

This Eurobarometer survey, conducted for DG Employment for the third time, gives

us an overview of the social climate in the European Union. It measures the nature

of the current situation regarding key social concerns of European Union citizens,

their evaluations of how things have changed over the past five years, and their

expectations for the coming twelve months. In addition to analysing the levels of

the various indicators, it is particularly interesting to compare the results of this

year’s survey with those of the previous two years24: analysing these evolutions is an

effective indicator of the changing European public mood at a time of considerable

change. If the findings of this report were to be condensed into one key point, it

would be that opinion across the European Union varies greatly depending on the

topic analysed and that the general feelings of pessimism, optimism, satisfaction or

dissatisfaction at EU level often mask a number of strong differences between the

opinion within an individual country or socio-demographic category.

Three aspects of the social climate are explored in this report: Europeans’

perceptions on different social aspects of their personal lives, their opinions

of the general situation in their country, and, finally, their view of the state of

social protection and inclusion.

Respondents’ levels of satisfaction with their personal situation are relatively high

across the European Union. As we have seen in the previous two waves, citizens in

many Member States seem to be reasonably content with their personal situation,

especially those from the Nordic countries, Benelux, Austria, Germany and the UK, in

some cases.

The Member States which recorded low scores for the current situation this year are

the same as those from the last two years: Eastern countries, (and especially

Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary) two of the three Baltic states (Latvia and

Lithuania), along with Greece and Portugal. Generally speaking, this

geographical pattern appears often throughout the whole survey.

Analysing the evolutions from the previous survey reveals an important finding: 11

of the 12 indexes analysed in this first section have improved since the previous

wave, revealing a real positive change in Europeans’ perceptions of their personal

situation. Europeans seem to perceive the impact of an improvement of the

situation on their lives since May 2010.

Europeans perceptions about the general situation in their countries are, on the

whole, much more pessimistic than about their personal situation. The same

situation was seen in the analysis from the previous two reports.

Looking at the evolutions since May 2010, the six dimensions analysed in this section

can be divided into three categories: in a first group, the economic and employment

situations are seen in a less negative light than in May 2010, with positive evolutions

for all indexes – regarding the current, past five years, and next twelve months

24 The two previous surveys were conducted in May 2009 and May 2010.


103

situation –. Cost of living and the affordability of energy and of housing constitute a

second group with important negative evolutions from May 2010. Finally, the way

public administration is run is distinct from the others: this dimension has stayed

quite stable since the previous survey, conducted last year.

Even if they are still negative when evaluating the general situation of their

country, Europeans seem to feel that the economy is recovering, but that

daily life is more expensive than it was last year.

The geographical patterns described for the personal situation are generally kept

here, but with specificities, especially when it comes to the affordability of energy

and housing: Estonia’s scores, for example, are particularly high for these

dimensions; Finland, Belgium and UK are below the EU average for the affordability

of energy. This is also the case for the UK and Luxembourg in relation to the

affordability of housing.

In terms of evolution since last year, the current situation is generally evaluated

more negatively than in May 2010: only one topic, out of five analysed in this

section, had a positive evolution this year (unemployment benefits).

The evaluation that Europeans make of the situation compared to that of five years

ago has also declined – for four dimensions – or stayed stable – for the remaining

one – since May 2010. However, optimism that things will improve in the next twelve

months has progressed since the previous survey, with positive evolutions in the

scores: even if the evolutions since last year’s survey are moderate, the

general trend is clearly towards one of an improvement regarding the

situation of social protection and inclusion in the near future.

When clustering the countries at the top of the ranking for the current situation, in

this chapter, the country groups differ slightly from those from the personal and

general situation: The Nordic countries are surpassed by the Benelux countries and

Austria, and are sometimes at the middle of the country scale, especially in regard to

relations between people from different cultural and religious backgrounds or

nationalities. The situation is more comparable to the other sections at the bottom of

the scale, with Eastern countries (Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary), Latvia, Lithuania,

Portugal and Greece, almost always at the bottom of the scale.

In relation to socio-demographic data, a number of striking patterns are found. Men

are generally more satisfied with the current situation of all the topics analysed than

women. However, variations are more pronounced according to financial situation

and level of education, which almost invariably have an impact on citizens’ outlook

regarding the current situation, the situation compared to that of five years ago and

expectations for the coming twelve months: the fewer difficulties they have paying

their bills and the more educated respondents are, the better are their scores.

Students are frequently reported as the most satisfied and optimistic – or the least

dissatisfied and pessimistic – of all of the groups analysed. It is also encouraging to

see a trend for optimism relating to important matters of social protection, like

unemployment benefits, from those in more difficult financial situations and the

unemployed.


104

In summary, citizens sense a general improvement in their own situation,

although they are rarely as confident about the shape of the national

situation. On this latter point, though, it is important to note that all scores related

to the economic and employment situation of their country have progressed since

May 2010, reflecting the feeling that the EU is emerging slowly from the crisis.

However, Europeans perceive their daily life to be more expensive than last year,

with negative indexes related to cost of living and affordability of energy and housing

which have decreased since May 2010.

Perceptions regarding social protection and inclusion are quite contrasted: almost

always negatives, the indexes of the current situation and of the comparison with

five years ago have decreased since the previous survey, whereas optimism that

things will improve in the next twelve months have progressed. Europeans are still

struggling with important difficulties, but their expectations for the near future are

improving.

ANNEXES

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 370

“Social Climate” TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Between the 4th of June and the 19th of June 2011, TNS Opinion & Social, a consortium created between TNS plc and TNS opinion, carried out the wave 75.4 of the EUROBAROMETER, on request of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate-General for Communication, “Research and Speechwriting”. The SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 370 is part of wave 75.4 and covers the population of the respective nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in each of the Member States and aged 15 years and over. The basic sample design applied in all states is a multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each country, a number of sampling points was drawn with probability proportional to population size (for a total coverage of the country) and to population density.

In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically from each of the "administrative regional units", after stratification by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole territory of the countries surveyed according to the EUROSTAT NUTS II (or equivalent) and according to the distribution of the resident population of the respective nationalities in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas. In each of the selected sampling points, a starting address was drawn, at random. Further addresses (every Nth address) were selected by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, at random (following the "closest birthday rule"). All interviews were conducted face-to-face in people's homes and in the appropriate national language. As far as the data capture is concerned, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) was used in those countries where this technique was available.

1

For each country a comparison between the sample and the universe was carried out. The Universe description was derived from Eurostat population data or from national statistics offices. For all countries surveyed, a national weighting procedure, using marginal and intercellular weighting, was carried out based on this Universe description. In all countries, gender, age, region and size of locality were introduced in the iteration procedure. For international weighting (i.e. EU averages), TNS Opinion & Social applies the official population figures as provided by EUROSTAT or national statistic offices. The total population figures for input in this post-weighting procedure are listed above. Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits:

Observed percentages 10% or 90% 20% or 80% 30% or 70% 40% or 60% 50%

Confidence limits ± 1.9 points ± 2.5 points ± 2.7 points ± 3.0 points ± 3.1 points

ABBR. COUNTRIES INSTITUTES N° INTERVIEWS

FIELDWORK DATES

POPULATION 15+

BE Belgium TNS Dimarso 1.025 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 8.939.546 BG Bulgaria TNS BBSS 1.002 04/06/2011 13/06/2011 6.537.510 CZ Czech Rep. TNS Aisa 1.019 04/06/2011 16/06/2011 9.012.443 DK Denmark TNS Gallup DK 1.012 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 4.561.264 DE Germany TNS Infratest 1.572 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 64.409.146 EE Estonia Emor 1.001 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 945.733 IE Ireland Ipsos MRBI 1.016 04/06/2011 17/06/2011 3.522.000 EL Greece TNS ICAP 1.000 04/06/2011 17/06/2011 8.693.566 ES Spain TNS Demoscopia 1.004 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 39.035.867 FR France TNS Sofres 1.068 07/06/2011 19/06/2011 47.756.439 IT Italy TNS Infratest 1.044 04/06/2011 18/06/2011 51.862.391 CY Rep. of Cyprus Synovate 504 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 660.400 LV Latvia TNS Latvia 1.019 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 1.447.866 LT Lithuania TNS Gallup Lithuania 1.026 04/06/2011 16/06/2011 2.829.740 LU Luxembourg TNS ILReS 507 04/06/2011 17/06/2011 404.907 HU Hungary TNS Hungary 1.004 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 8.320.614 MT Malta MISCO 500 04/06/2011 18/06/2011 335.476 NL Netherlands TNS NIPO 1.001 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 13.371.980

AT Austria Österreichisches Gallup-Institut 1.005 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 7.009.827

PL Poland TNS OBOP 1.000 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 32.413.735 PT Portugal TNS EUROTESTE 1.048 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 8.080.915 RO Romania TNS CSOP 1.075 04/06/2011 15/06/2011 18.246.731 SI Slovenia RM PLUS 1.019 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 1.759.701 SK Slovakia TNS Slovakia 1.000 04/06/2011 17/06/2011 4.549.955 FI Finland TNS Gallup Oy 1.008 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 4.440.004 SE Sweden TNS GALLUP 1.019 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 7.791.240 UK United Kingdom TNS UK 1.342 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 51.848.010

TOTAL EU27

26.840 04/06/2011 19/06/2011 408.787.006

2

QUESTIONNAIRE

QB1

12345

QB2

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

EB74.2 QA4a (ITEMS 11 TO 14) + EB73.5 QA2 (ITEMS 1 TO 10)

The employment situation in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4 5

The financial situation of your household

1 2 3 4 5

Your personal job situation 1 2 3 4 5

The situation of the (NATIONALITY) economy

1 2 3 4 5

The way public administration runs in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4 5

How affordable housing is in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4 5

How affordable energy is in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4 5

The way inequalities and poverty are addressed in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4 5

Relations in (OUR COUNTRY) between people from different cultural or religious backgrounds or nationalities

1 2 3 4 5

The cost of living in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4 5

Unemployment benefits in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4 5

The provision of pensions in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4 5

Health care provision in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4 5The area you live in 1 2 3 4 5

EB74.2 QA1

How would you judge the current situation in each of the following?

(SHOW CARD WITH SCALE - ONE ANSWER PER LINE)

(READ OUT) Very good Rather good

Rather bad

Very bad DK

(READ OUT)

Very satisfiedFairly satisfiedNot very satisfied Not at all satisfied DK

B. SOCIAL CLIMATE

On the whole, are you very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with the life you lead?

1

QB3

123

4

5

67

8

9

10

11

12

1314

15 The employment situation in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4

EB74.2 QA5a (ITEMS 1 AND 12 TO 15) + EB73.5 QA3 (ITEMS 2 TO 11)

Your personal job situation 1 2 3 4The financial situation of your household 1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4

The economic situation in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4

The cost of living in (OUR COUNTRY) 1 2 3 4

The healthcare system in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4

Your life in general 1 2 3 4The area you live in 1 2 3 4

What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...?

(ONE ANSWER PER LINE)

(READ OUT) Better Worse Same DK

2

QB4

123

4

5

67

8

9

10

11

12

1314

15 The employment situation in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4

EB73.5 QA4

Your personal job situation 1 2 3 4The financial situation of your household 1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4

The economic situation in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4

The cost of living in (OUR COUNTRY) 1 2 3 4

The healthcare system in (OUR COUNTRY)

1 2 3 4


1 2 3 4

Your life in general 1 2 3 4The area you live in 1 2 3 4

Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…?

(ONE ANSWER PER LINE)

(READ OUT) Improved Got worse Stayed about the

same

DK

3

TABLES

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 25 4 56 -2 14 -1 4 -1 1 0 81 2 18 -2

BE 38 6 52 -6 9 2 1 -2 0 0 90 0 10 0

BG 4 1 44 12 36 3 15 -8 1 -8 48 13 51 -5

CZ 13 0 68 2 16 -2 2 -1 1 1 81 2 18 -3

DK 67 -2 29 0 3 1 1 1 0 0 96 -2 4 2

DE 30 6 58 -5 9 -1 2 -1 1 1 88 1 11 -2

EE 13 5 63 -3 20 -2 4 0 0 0 76 2 24 -2

IE 46 2 45 -1 7 1 1 0 1 -2 91 1 8 1

EL 8 2 46 2 33 0 13 -4 0 0 54 4 46 -4

ES 23 4 59 -4 12 -4 6 4 0 0 82 0 18 0

FR 25 5 58 -7 12 2 4 0 1 0 83 -2 16 2

IT 13 6 68 5 17 -6 2 -4 0 -1 81 11 19 -10

CY 39 4 51 -2 8 -2 2 0 0 0 90 2 10 -2

LV 10 0 49 -1 31 -1 10 2 0 0 59 -1 41 1

LT 13 2 45 -1 29 -2 13 1 0 0 58 1 42 -1

LU 48 9 48 -11 3 1 1 1 0 0 96 -2 4 2

HU 6 -1 46 -2 35 1 12 1 1 1 52 -3 47 2

MT 37 8 48 -4 12 -2 3 -1 0 -1 85 4 15 -3

NL 54 8 41 -8 4 0 1 0 0 0 95 0 5 0

AT 21 -3 67 4 11 -1 1 0 0 0 88 1 12 -1

PL 12 -5 68 4 13 -2 4 1 3 2 80 -1 17 -1

PT 3 1 58 7 31 -4 8 -4 0 0 61 8 39 -8

RO 6 2 43 11 31 -6 19 -7 1 0 49 13 50 -13

SI 24 0 59 -6 13 4 4 2 0 0 83 -6 17 6

SK 15 -3 59 2 21 -1 4 1 1 1 74 -1 25 0

FI 41 2 56 -1 3 -1 0 0 0 0 97 1 3 -1

SE 57 4 40 -4 3 0 0 0 0 0 97 0 3 0

UK 40 3 50 -3 7 0 2 0 1 0 90 0 9 0

QB1 D'une façon générale, êtes-vous très satisfait(e), plutôt satisfait(e), plutôt pas satisfait(e) ou pas du tout satisfait(e) de la vie que vous menez ?

QB1 On the whole, are you very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with the life you lead?

QB1 Sind Sie insgesamt gesehen mit dem Leben, das Sie führen …?

Très satisfait(e)

Very satisfied

Sehr zufrieden

Plutôt satisfait(e)

Fairly satisfied

Ziemlich zufrieden

Plutôt pas satisfait(e)

Not very satisfied

Nicht sehr zufrieden

Pas du tout satisfait(e)

Not at all satisfied

Überhaupt nicht

zufrieden

Total 'Pas satisfait(e)'

Total 'Not satisfied'

Gesamt 'Nicht zufrieden'

NSP

DK

WN

Total 'Satisfait(e)'

Total 'Satisfied'

Gesamt 'Zufrieden'

1

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 30 2 58 -1 10 -1 2 0 0 0 88 1 12 -1

BE 47 2 45 -2 7 0 1 0 0 0 92 0 8 0

BG 10 -2 51 -1 29 2 9 1 1 0 61 -3 38 3

CZ 22 -2 65 0 12 2 1 0 0 0 87 -2 13 2

DK 42 10 49 -10 8 1 1 0 0 -1 91 0 9 1

DE 37 4 53 -5 8 1 1 0 1 0 90 -1 9 1

EE 28 10 59 -8 11 -1 2 0 0 -1 87 2 13 -1

IE 50 -1 45 3 4 -1 1 -1 0 0 95 2 5 -2

EL 12 4 56 -5 23 -2 8 2 1 1 68 -1 31 0

ES 25 0 63 -1 10 0 2 1 0 0 88 -1 12 1

FR 39 6 53 -6 7 0 1 0 0 0 92 0 8 0

IT 10 0 73 7 14 -5 3 -1 0 -1 83 7 17 -6

CY 36 2 52 -1 9 -2 3 1 0 0 88 1 12 -1

LV 16 1 59 -5 19 2 5 2 1 0 75 -4 24 4

LT 25 5 59 -3 14 -2 2 0 0 0 84 2 16 -2

LU 57 6 38 -8 3 0 1 1 1 1 95 -2 4 1

HU 15 -1 61 -3 20 2 4 2 0 0 76 -4 24 4

MT 35 11 52 -8 10 -1 3 -1 0 -1 87 3 13 -2

NL 55 7 41 -7 3 -1 1 1 0 0 96 0 4 0

AT 35 1 58 0 6 -1 1 0 0 0 93 1 7 -1

PL 24 2 62 -2 11 0 2 0 1 0 86 0 13 0

PT 6 -1 80 4 13 -2 1 -1 0 0 86 3 14 -3

RO 17 4 61 -1 18 -1 4 -1 0 -1 78 3 22 -2

SI 12 -9 69 6 16 2 3 1 0 0 81 -3 19 3

SK 21 -4 60 -1 17 4 2 1 0 0 81 -5 19 5

FI 45 -1 53 2 2 -1 0 0 0 0 98 1 2 -1

SE 63 3 34 -2 3 0 0 -1 0 0 97 1 3 -1

UK 41 0 50 -1 6 0 3 1 0 0 91 -1 9 1

QB2.1 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? L’endroit où vous habitez

QB2.1 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? The area you live in

QB2.1 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Die Gegend in der Sie leben

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

2

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 14 2 48 -4 27 1 10 2 1 -1 62 -2 37 3

BE 50 12 45 -10 5 -1 0 -1 0 0 95 2 5 -2

BG 1 0 27 3 48 -3 22 2 2 -2 28 3 70 -1

CZ 9 -3 55 -8 28 7 7 3 1 1 64 -11 35 10

DK 23 3 52 -2 20 -1 5 2 0 -2 75 1 25 1

DE 11 3 55 -1 28 -1 5 0 1 -1 66 2 33 -1

EE 5 2 54 -5 32 2 7 2 2 -1 59 -3 39 4

IE 8 2 34 -2 31 -3 22 1 5 2 42 0 53 -2

EL 1 0 21 -2 47 -1 30 2 1 1 22 -2 77 1

ES 14 0 58 -7 23 6 4 1 1 0 72 -7 27 7

FR 15 2 58 -8 22 6 4 1 1 -1 73 -6 26 7

IT 6 2 50 1 32 -3 11 0 1 0 56 3 43 -3

CY 11 5 47 -4 30 0 9 1 3 -2 58 1 39 1

LV 1 0 29 1 45 0 21 0 4 -1 30 1 66 0

LT 2 0 37 2 45 -5 13 4 3 -1 39 2 58 -1

LU 39 4 51 -6 6 2 2 1 2 -1 90 -2 8 3

HU 2 0 31 -4 47 2 19 2 1 0 33 -4 66 4

MT 25 5 56 -1 13 -1 4 0 2 -3 81 4 17 -1

NL 42 12 47 -12 9 -1 1 0 1 1 89 0 10 -1

AT 35 7 59 -5 5 -2 1 0 0 0 94 2 6 -2

PL 3 1 29 -1 44 -1 21 2 3 -1 32 0 65 1

PT 1 1 45 7 43 -6 10 -2 1 0 46 8 53 -8

RO 1 0 12 -4 46 -5 39 10 2 -1 13 -4 85 5

SI 9 2 59 0 25 -4 5 1 2 1 68 2 30 -3

SK 2 -5 36 -15 45 12 16 8 1 0 38 -20 61 20

FI 15 0 63 -1 18 0 3 1 1 0 78 -1 21 1

SE 22 -3 56 -4 19 6 3 2 0 -1 78 -7 22 8

UK 30 0 54 -3 10 1 5 3 1 -1 84 -3 15 4

QB2.2 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? Les prestations des services de santé en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB2.2 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? Health care provision in (OUR COUNTRY)

QB2.2 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Das Gesundheitswesen in (UNSER LAND)

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

3

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 5 1 34 -1 36 -1 17 2 8 -1 39 0 53 1

BE 15 4 44 -4 32 2 6 0 3 -2 59 0 38 2

BG 0 0 10 -1 46 0 31 5 13 -4 10 -1 77 5

CZ 1 -2 24 -7 44 0 25 9 6 0 25 -9 69 9

DK 16 0 57 0 18 2 2 0 7 -2 73 0 20 2

DE 5 1 49 4 31 -4 10 1 5 -2 54 5 41 -3

EE 0 -1 22 -10 47 2 24 14 7 -5 22 -11 71 16

IE 6 2 32 -1 26 -3 14 1 22 1 38 1 40 -2

EL 0 0 5 -1 43 -3 49 3 3 1 5 -1 92 0

ES 2 -1 30 -7 45 4 15 3 8 1 32 -8 60 7

FR 4 0 35 -5 39 2 14 2 8 1 39 -5 53 4

IT 4 2 35 4 40 -4 16 -2 5 0 39 6 56 -6

CY 6 2 34 -5 31 -2 16 7 13 -2 40 -3 47 5

LV 0 -1 12 -4 45 -2 37 7 6 0 12 -5 82 5

LT 0 -1 12 -3 51 1 29 4 8 -1 12 -4 80 5

LU 31 11 44 -5 7 1 2 1 16 -8 75 6 9 2

HU 1 0 20 0 44 -5 29 7 6 -2 21 0 73 2

MT 3 -4 32 -6 32 9 15 9 18 -8 35 -10 47 18

NL 23 4 53 -3 14 1 4 3 6 -5 76 1 18 4

AT 19 5 56 -5 18 -1 2 -1 5 2 75 0 20 -2

PL 1 0 19 2 42 -4 30 4 8 -2 20 2 72 0

PT 0 0 10 -1 65 1 23 4 2 -4 10 -1 88 5

RO 1 1 5 -2 41 1 46 -1 7 1 6 -1 87 0

SI 5 2 38 -3 38 -2 15 4 4 -1 43 -1 53 2

SK 1 -2 17 -13 48 3 28 11 6 1 18 -15 76 14

FI 4 0 47 -8 38 7 5 3 6 -2 51 -8 43 10

SE 5 -1 48 -1 30 4 9 3 8 -5 53 -2 39 7

UK 6 -2 39 2 26 1 12 4 17 -5 45 0 38 5

QB2.3 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? Le système des retraites en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB2.3 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? The provision of pensions in (OUR COUNTRY)

QB2.3 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Die Rentenversorgung in (UNSER LAND)

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

4

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 6 1 31 1 32 -2 16 1 15 -1 37 2 48 -1

BE 21 7 51 3 19 -5 5 0 4 -5 72 10 24 -5

BG 0 0 12 3 41 1 33 5 14 -9 12 3 74 6

CZ 2 -2 19 -8 42 1 28 10 9 -1 21 -10 70 11

DK 12 -4 56 1 21 3 4 2 7 -2 68 -3 25 5

DE 10 4 51 7 24 -7 5 -3 10 -1 61 11 29 -10

EE 1 0 15 0 41 -4 27 10 16 -6 16 0 68 6

IE 15 3 39 3 21 -1 13 -3 12 -2 54 6 34 -4

EL 0 0 7 1 43 -2 46 5 4 -4 7 1 89 3

ES 1 -1 20 -6 48 2 24 5 7 0 21 -7 72 7

FR 6 1 38 -2 26 1 8 1 22 -1 44 -1 34 2

IT 4 2 22 2 41 -3 18 -2 15 1 26 4 59 -5

CY 3 0 31 1 28 -3 16 8 22 -6 34 1 44 5

LV 1 0 15 -8 41 4 31 7 12 -3 16 -8 72 11

LT 2 1 14 1 43 0 22 0 19 -2 16 2 65 0

LU 25 10 38 -5 8 0 1 0 28 -5 63 5 9 0

HU 1 0 11 -2 44 -4 36 10 8 -4 12 -2 80 6

MT 4 2 26 0 26 4 10 2 34 -8 30 2 36 6

NL 18 3 52 -2 14 -2 4 2 12 -1 70 1 18 0

AT 21 4 57 -1 13 -4 2 -1 7 2 78 3 15 -5

PL 2 1 18 -2 41 -1 24 4 15 -2 20 -1 65 3

PT 0 -1 13 2 57 -1 19 1 11 -1 13 1 76 0

RO 0 -1 5 -1 40 0 45 4 10 -2 5 -2 85 4

SI 12 6 41 3 30 -6 8 -1 9 -2 53 9 38 -7

SK 1 -1 16 -5 48 -1 24 5 11 2 17 -6 72 4

FI 6 0 41 -5 34 1 7 5 12 -1 47 -5 41 6

SE 4 0 37 -3 34 3 14 3 11 -3 41 -3 48 6

UK 10 2 33 5 19 0 11 0 27 -7 43 7 30 0

QB2.4 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? Les allocations chômage en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB2.4 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? Unemployment benefits in (OUR COUNTRY)

QB2.4 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Die Arbeitslosenunterstützung in (UNSER LAND)

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

5

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 2 0 24 -4 44 -3 29 7 1 0 26 -4 73 4

BE 5 2 33 -4 46 -2 16 5 0 -1 38 -2 62 3

BG 0 0 7 -1 47 -3 45 6 1 -2 7 -1 92 3

CZ 1 0 17 -5 47 -9 34 13 1 1 18 -5 81 4

DK 6 -2 49 -8 37 6 6 3 2 1 55 -10 43 9

DE 3 -1 43 -4 43 3 9 1 2 1 46 -5 52 4

EE 1 0 11 -8 41 -15 46 24 1 -1 12 -8 87 9

IE 0 0 12 -2 42 -4 45 7 1 -1 12 -2 87 3

EL 0 0 4 -3 41 -1 55 4 0 0 4 -3 96 3

ES 1 0 16 -12 49 -1 34 14 0 -1 17 -12 83 13

FR 1 0 12 -6 52 -5 33 10 2 1 13 -6 85 5

IT 3 2 20 5 49 -7 28 0 0 0 23 7 77 -7

CY 1 0 17 -2 40 -14 42 17 0 -1 18 -2 82 3

LV 0 0 3 -10 32 -14 63 24 2 0 3 -10 95 10

LT 0 0 6 -3 49 -3 44 7 1 -1 6 -3 93 4

LU 3 0 31 -9 55 7 10 2 1 0 34 -9 65 9

HU 1 1 5 -1 44 -2 50 2 0 0 6 0 94 0

MT 0 -1 6 -8 45 -1 47 9 2 1 6 -9 92 8

NL 8 3 57 -3 28 -2 6 2 1 0 65 0 34 0

AT 8 0 53 -2 34 1 4 1 1 0 61 -2 38 2

PL 1 0 12 -4 46 -6 39 10 2 0 13 -4 85 4

PT 0 0 5 -3 56 0 39 3 0 0 5 -3 95 3

RO 0 -1 3 -3 38 0 58 4 1 0 3 -4 96 4

SI 0 0 13 -6 57 4 29 1 1 1 13 -6 86 5

SK 1 0 11 -10 47 -8 40 18 1 0 12 -10 87 10

FI 0 -1 30 -8 58 4 11 5 1 0 30 -9 69 9

SE 4 -2 68 -4 22 4 3 1 3 1 72 -6 25 5

UK 1 -2 29 -8 38 -2 29 11 3 1 30 -10 67 9

QB2.5 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? Le coût de la vie en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB2.5 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? The cost of living in (OUR COUNTRY)

QB2.5 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Die Lebenshaltungskosten in (UNSER LAND)

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

6

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 5 0 47 -2 33 0 9 1 6 1 52 -2 42 1

BE 4 0 41 -6 43 5 10 2 2 -1 45 -6 53 7

BG 7 0 59 2 24 2 5 -1 5 -3 66 2 29 1

CZ 3 -2 37 -8 45 4 13 6 2 0 40 -10 58 10

DK 4 0 37 -2 47 -2 10 4 2 0 41 -2 57 2

DE 5 0 50 -2 34 1 5 0 6 1 55 -2 39 1

EE 5 1 67 -4 20 1 3 1 5 1 72 -3 23 2

IE 9 3 56 -1 21 -2 5 -1 9 1 65 2 26 -3

EL 4 1 35 -9 35 -1 24 9 2 0 39 -8 59 8

ES 6 -2 55 -4 27 1 7 4 5 1 61 -6 34 5

FR 1 -1 35 -3 46 1 10 0 8 3 36 -4 56 1

IT 5 3 42 4 39 -4 11 -1 3 -2 47 7 50 -5

CY 6 3 40 -16 35 4 16 8 3 1 46 -13 51 12

LV 5 -2 62 -4 25 4 6 2 2 0 67 -6 31 6

LT 4 -2 53 -5 24 0 6 2 13 5 57 -7 30 2

LU 15 3 63 -6 16 1 3 1 3 1 78 -3 19 2

HU 3 0 40 -5 37 -2 15 6 5 1 43 -5 52 4

MT 6 1 49 6 24 -8 8 2 13 -1 55 7 32 -6

NL 4 1 49 1 39 -4 6 1 2 1 53 2 45 -3

AT 10 1 50 0 32 0 5 -1 3 0 60 1 37 -1

PL 6 -2 49 -6 24 1 9 3 12 4 55 -8 33 4

PT 3 0 50 -3 30 0 5 -1 12 4 53 -3 35 -1

RO 3 -1 45 -1 24 2 14 0 14 0 48 -2 38 2

SI 3 -2 49 -5 38 6 6 -1 4 2 52 -7 44 5

SK 11 0 55 0 28 0 4 0 2 0 66 0 32 0

FI 3 0 53 3 38 -1 3 -1 3 -1 56 3 41 -2

SE 4 2 48 3 39 -6 8 1 1 0 52 5 47 -5

UK 8 -1 56 -2 24 2 6 0 6 1 64 -3 30 2

QB2.6 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? Les rapports entre les personnes d’origines culturelles ou religieuses différentes ou de nationalités différentes en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB2.6 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? Relations in (OUR COUNTRY) between people from different cultural or religious backgrounds or nationalities

QB2.6 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Die Beziehungen zwischen Menschen mit unterschiedlichem kulturellen oder religiösen Hintergrund oder verschiedener Nationalitäten in (UNSER LAND)

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

7

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 2 0 25 -4 48 0 19 3 6 1 27 -4 67 3

BE 4 1 32 -1 47 -1 15 2 2 -1 36 0 62 1

BG 0 -1 11 -3 53 7 27 1 9 -4 11 -4 80 8

CZ 1 -1 24 -9 50 0 23 10 2 0 25 -10 73 10

DK 5 0 37 -2 44 0 12 3 2 -1 42 -2 56 3

DE 2 0 27 -1 51 -2 11 0 9 3 29 -1 62 -2

EE 0 -1 17 -3 52 -1 26 7 5 -2 17 -4 78 6

IE 3 1 28 -1 38 -3 20 3 11 0 31 0 58 0

EL 1 0 8 -3 46 -7 44 10 1 0 9 -3 90 3

ES 3 1 26 -13 51 6 16 6 4 0 29 -12 67 12

FR 1 0 15 -1 52 -1 29 2 3 0 16 -1 81 1

IT 4 2 29 2 49 0 15 -1 3 -3 33 4 64 -1

CY 2 -1 29 -8 46 1 19 7 4 1 31 -9 65 8

LV 1 1 6 -2 42 -3 47 4 4 0 7 -1 89 1

LT 0 0 5 -3 53 0 36 3 6 0 5 -3 89 3

LU 7 4 51 4 26 -10 5 2 11 0 58 8 31 -8

HU 0 0 14 1 46 -6 37 4 3 1 14 1 83 -2

MT 6 1 42 3 31 -2 9 1 12 -3 48 4 40 -1

NL 4 -1 39 -7 41 2 13 5 3 1 43 -8 54 7

AT 8 2 39 -8 40 3 8 2 5 1 47 -6 48 5

PL 1 -1 21 -5 49 -3 20 8 9 1 22 -6 69 5

PT 1 1 15 -3 62 3 15 -4 7 3 16 -2 77 -1

RO 0 0 8 0 44 2 43 -1 5 -1 8 0 87 1

SI 1 0 25 -3 54 1 17 2 3 0 26 -3 71 3

SK 2 0 19 -7 57 3 18 4 4 0 21 -7 75 7

FI 2 0 33 -7 52 3 10 4 3 0 35 -7 62 7

SE 3 -2 39 -6 44 4 10 3 4 1 42 -8 54 7

UK 3 -2 38 -3 37 1 12 2 10 2 41 -5 49 3

QB2.7 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? La manière dont les inégalités et la pauvreté sont traitées en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB2.7 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? The way inequalities and poverty are addressed in (OUR COUNTRY)

QB2.7 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Die Art und Weise der Auseinandersetzung mit sozialer Benachteiligung und Armut in (UNSER LAND)

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

8

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 3 0 27 -4 45 0 22 5 3 -1 30 -4 67 5

BE 3 1 17 -8 52 -2 28 10 0 -1 20 -7 80 8

BG 8 1 40 -2 33 3 15 2 4 -4 48 -1 48 5

CZ 23 0 51 -4 20 2 4 1 2 1 74 -4 24 3

DK 4 -1 47 -6 40 7 6 0 3 0 51 -7 46 7

DE 2 0 36 3 49 -3 11 0 2 0 38 3 60 -3

EE 23 -5 59 0 13 4 3 1 2 0 82 -5 16 5

IE 1 0 19 -2 40 -9 36 12 4 -1 20 -2 76 3

EL 0 0 6 -1 43 -5 50 7 1 -1 6 -1 93 2

ES 6 1 45 -12 35 7 8 3 6 1 51 -11 43 10

FR 1 0 16 -11 52 3 26 9 5 -1 17 -11 78 12

IT 3 2 25 1 50 -1 19 1 3 -3 28 3 69 0

CY 0 -1 9 -5 42 -3 48 11 1 -2 9 -6 90 8

LV 12 -4 61 -1 18 4 7 3 2 -2 73 -5 25 7

LT 0 -1 10 1 52 3 36 -3 2 0 10 0 88 0

LU 4 1 49 -2 35 -2 6 2 6 1 53 -1 41 0

HU 1 1 8 2 43 -4 48 1 0 0 9 3 91 -3

MT 1 0 7 -4 42 -11 48 15 2 0 8 -4 90 4

NL 6 -1 58 2 26 -2 6 2 4 -1 64 1 32 0

AT 9 1 54 -3 29 -1 5 1 3 2 63 -2 34 0

PL 1 -1 16 -3 48 -4 31 8 4 0 17 -4 79 4

PT 0 0 4 -4 64 -1 31 5 1 0 4 -4 95 4

RO 0 -1 7 -3 42 -2 47 7 4 -1 7 -4 89 5

SI 1 0 27 -3 55 5 16 -1 1 -1 28 -3 71 4

SK 1 -1 20 -15 52 4 26 12 1 0 21 -16 78 16

FI 2 0 19 -17 60 7 18 11 1 -1 21 -17 78 18

SE 2 -2 34 -4 38 2 22 6 4 -2 36 -6 60 8

UK 2 0 19 -10 43 -3 34 15 2 -2 21 -10 77 12

QB2.8 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? Le caractère abordable des coûts de l’énergie en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB2.8 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? How affordable energy is in (OUR COUNTRY)

QB2.8 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Bezahlbare Energie in (UNSER LAND)

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

9

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 2 0 23 -3 43 -2 28 6 4 -1 25 -3 71 4

BE 2 0 26 -3 49 -3 22 7 1 -1 28 -3 71 4

BG 3 -3 31 -2 38 5 20 3 8 -3 34 -5 58 8

CZ 6 0 38 1 39 0 16 -1 1 0 44 1 55 -1

DK 4 -2 58 -3 31 4 4 2 3 -1 62 -5 35 6

DE 4 0 52 0 31 0 6 0 7 0 56 0 37 0

EE 9 -2 47 -6 31 5 9 4 4 -1 56 -8 40 9

IE 5 4 30 4 35 -4 23 -3 7 -1 35 8 58 -7

EL 0 0 10 -1 49 0 40 2 1 -1 10 -1 89 2

ES 1 0 8 -11 44 -3 46 15 1 -1 9 -11 90 12

FR 0 -1 10 -8 54 -3 31 12 5 0 10 -9 85 9

IT 3 2 19 2 49 -3 26 2 3 -3 22 4 75 -1

CY 0 -1 4 -2 31 -6 63 9 2 0 4 -3 94 3

LV 7 -1 46 -2 33 2 11 2 3 -1 53 -3 44 4

LT 0 0 7 -1 43 0 46 3 4 -2 7 -1 89 3

LU 1 -1 10 -4 46 -1 39 8 4 -2 11 -5 85 7

HU 1 1 11 1 48 -3 38 1 2 0 12 2 86 -2

MT 0 -1 11 -5 42 0 43 8 4 -2 11 -6 85 8

NL 3 0 43 -3 42 -2 9 4 3 1 46 -3 51 2

AT 7 2 50 -3 34 0 6 1 3 0 57 -1 40 1

PL 1 0 10 0 41 -4 43 3 5 1 11 0 84 -1

PT 0 0 6 -3 61 -3 30 7 3 -1 6 -3 91 4

RO 0 0 8 -1 37 -3 48 6 7 -2 8 -1 85 3

SI 0 -1 11 -3 48 -1 39 6 2 -1 11 -4 87 5

SK 1 0 15 -9 46 1 36 8 2 0 16 -9 82 9

FI 1 0 24 -6 58 -2 17 9 0 -1 25 -6 75 7

SE 3 -1 52 -4 34 4 9 3 2 -2 55 -5 43 7

UK 2 0 17 -6 40 -3 35 11 6 -2 19 -6 75 8

QB2.9 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? Le caractère abordable du coût du logement en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB2.9 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? How affordable housing is in (OUR COUNTRY)

QB2.9 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Erschwinglicher Wohnraum in (UNSER LAND)

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

10

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 4 1 37 -1 36 -2 17 2 6 0 41 0 53 0

BE 8 3 49 -1 32 1 10 -1 1 -2 57 2 42 0

BG 1 -1 33 5 39 0 12 -5 15 1 34 4 51 -5

CZ 2 -2 35 -5 41 3 17 4 5 0 37 -7 58 7

DK 9 1 52 -4 30 2 8 2 1 -1 61 -3 38 4

DE 9 2 57 3 25 -3 6 -1 3 -1 66 5 31 -4

EE 4 1 61 0 20 -2 4 1 11 0 65 1 24 -1

IE 1 0 21 3 33 -4 31 0 14 1 22 3 64 -4

EL 1 1 7 -1 44 1 47 -1 1 0 8 0 91 0

ES 1 -1 28 -10 43 2 23 10 5 -1 29 -11 66 12

FR 1 -1 38 -1 39 1 16 0 6 1 39 -2 55 1

IT 3 2 26 0 48 0 21 0 2 -2 29 2 69 0

CY 4 2 41 2 30 -11 16 5 9 2 45 4 46 -6

LV 0 0 14 4 44 0 36 -7 6 3 14 4 80 -7

LT 0 0 18 -1 43 -6 18 2 21 5 18 -1 61 -4

LU 12 3 65 9 16 -10 5 1 2 -3 77 12 21 -9

HU 3 2 29 -3 41 -3 19 2 8 2 32 -1 60 -1

MT 1 -3 39 -3 32 4 15 1 13 1 40 -6 47 5

NL 3 1 45 1 35 -8 12 4 5 2 48 2 47 -4

AT 10 0 60 1 24 0 4 -1 2 0 70 1 28 -1

PL 2 0 30 -4 39 -2 17 2 12 4 32 -4 56 0

PT 0 0 15 -1 60 1 16 -2 9 2 15 -1 76 -1

RO 0 0 9 2 40 -3 44 0 7 1 9 2 84 -3

SI 1 -1 32 -7 41 1 21 8 5 -1 33 -8 62 9

SK 2 -1 35 -5 44 4 13 2 6 0 37 -6 57 6

FI 2 -2 57 -2 33 2 5 1 3 1 59 -4 38 3

SE 8 -1 59 2 23 2 4 1 6 -4 67 1 27 3

UK 4 1 39 -2 30 -3 15 5 12 -1 43 -1 45 2

QB2.10 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? Le fonctionnement de l’administration publique en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB2.10 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? The way public administration runs in (OUR COUNTRY)

QB2.10 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Das Funktionieren der öffentlichen Verwaltung in (UNSER LAND)

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

11

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 4 2 26 4 39 -5 28 -1 3 0 30 6 67 -6

BE 4 2 49 25 36 -20 10 -6 1 -1 53 27 46 -26

BG 0 0 6 2 47 -1 45 -1 2 0 6 2 92 -2

CZ 0 -1 13 -3 47 -1 39 5 1 0 13 -4 86 4

DK 3 -2 46 4 42 -1 6 -1 3 0 49 2 48 -2

DE 17 14 63 16 16 -20 2 -9 2 -1 80 30 18 -29

EE 2 2 37 11 46 -11 13 -2 2 0 39 13 59 -13

IE 0 0 4 -2 24 -6 71 9 1 -1 4 -2 95 3

EL 0 0 0 -3 21 -5 79 8 0 0 0 -3 100 3

ES 0 0 3 -3 41 -3 56 6 0 0 3 -3 97 3

FR 0 -1 16 4 54 -2 24 -2 6 1 16 3 78 -4

IT 3 2 16 3 50 -7 30 1 1 1 19 5 80 -6

CY 2 1 24 -5 44 -8 29 13 1 -1 26 -4 73 5

LV 0 0 3 0 36 3 60 -3 1 0 3 0 96 0

LT 0 0 6 3 59 7 32 -12 3 2 6 3 91 -5

LU 13 5 72 6 11 -10 1 0 3 -1 85 11 12 -10

HU 1 1 6 2 45 0 47 -4 1 1 7 3 92 -4

MT 1 -2 24 -6 45 5 21 2 9 1 25 -8 66 7

NL 8 3 59 8 28 -10 4 -2 1 1 67 11 32 -12

AT 9 3 69 17 17 -18 3 -2 2 0 78 20 20 -20

PL 1 -1 26 -11 47 5 20 8 6 -1 27 -12 67 13

PT 0 0 3 0 49 -5 47 5 1 0 3 0 96 0

RO 0 0 2 0 34 1 61 -1 3 0 2 0 95 0

SI 0 0 8 -12 50 -4 41 16 1 0 8 -12 91 12

SK 0 -2 14 -7 50 -1 34 10 2 0 14 -9 84 9

FI 2 0 55 3 37 -3 5 0 1 0 57 3 42 -3

SE 26 12 61 -5 9 -5 1 -1 3 -1 87 7 10 -6

UK 1 -1 16 5 44 1 35 -6 4 1 17 4 79 -5

QB2.11 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? La situation de l’économie (NATIONALITE)

QB2.11 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? The situation of the (NATIONALITY) economy

QB2.11 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Die Lage der (NATIONALEN) Wirtschaft

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

12

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 13 0 43 0 15 -2 9 0 20 2 56 0 24 -2

BE 24 6 48 -5 11 -1 3 -1 14 1 72 1 14 -2

BG 3 -2 40 4 25 -4 18 0 14 2 43 2 43 -4

CZ 10 1 45 -2 14 -2 6 1 25 2 55 -1 20 -1

DK 45 -3 33 0 8 0 6 1 8 2 78 -3 14 1

DE 17 0 47 1 9 -4 5 -2 22 5 64 1 14 -6

EE 11 0 39 3 10 0 3 -3 37 0 50 3 13 -3

IE 10 -3 35 -4 14 1 17 1 24 5 45 -7 31 2

EL 1 -1 27 1 24 -4 20 5 28 -1 28 0 44 1

ES 11 3 41 -5 18 -2 13 1 17 3 52 -2 31 -1

FR 11 1 45 -2 11 -1 4 -1 29 3 56 -1 15 -2

IT 5 1 56 7 23 -4 9 -1 7 -3 61 8 32 -5

CY 12 3 31 -9 12 2 9 4 36 0 43 -6 21 6

LV 6 -1 44 1 20 0 13 -2 17 2 50 0 33 -2

LT 4 -1 32 1 22 -2 19 2 23 0 36 0 41 0

LU 23 -9 52 5 4 -2 2 1 19 5 75 -4 6 -1

HU 2 -1 24 -1 29 0 25 0 20 2 26 -2 54 0

MT 10 -4 49 4 14 0 3 -5 24 5 59 0 17 -5

NL 23 -4 41 2 9 -1 4 0 23 3 64 -2 13 -1

AT 25 3 53 -2 9 -3 2 -1 11 3 78 1 11 -4

PL 6 -2 48 1 20 0 8 0 18 1 54 -1 28 0

PT 1 0 42 -1 34 2 8 -2 15 1 43 -1 42 0

RO 2 -1 23 1 21 -2 22 -1 32 3 25 0 43 -3

SI 9 -4 51 7 16 -5 10 1 14 1 60 3 26 -4

SK 10 1 44 -6 17 -1 7 1 22 5 54 -5 24 0

FI 43 2 30 -6 9 -1 3 -1 15 6 73 -4 12 -2

SE 46 1 35 5 8 0 3 -4 8 -2 81 6 11 -4

UK 19 -2 36 0 12 0 9 1 24 1 55 -2 21 1

QB2.12 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? Votre situation professionnelle

QB2.12 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? Your personal job situation

QB2.12 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Ihre persönliche berufliche Situation

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

13

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 9 1 59 2 23 -2 6 -2 3 1 68 3 29 -4

BE 19 4 64 1 14 -4 2 -1 1 0 83 5 16 -5

BG 1 0 34 2 43 0 20 -1 2 -1 35 2 63 -1

CZ 5 1 58 -1 30 2 6 -1 1 -1 63 0 36 1

DK 36 1 50 -3 11 2 2 0 1 0 86 -2 13 2

DE 10 -1 68 7 17 -3 3 -2 2 -1 78 6 20 -5

EE 5 2 67 3 23 -3 4 -2 1 0 72 5 27 -5

IE 6 -2 57 1 25 1 9 0 3 0 63 -1 34 1

EL 2 0 36 0 39 -5 22 4 1 1 38 0 61 -1

ES 6 3 61 2 23 -7 8 1 2 1 67 5 31 -6

FR 6 1 65 -1 20 -2 4 -1 5 3 71 0 24 -3

IT 5 3 66 9 23 -6 4 -5 2 -1 71 12 27 -11

CY 6 1 55 -5 27 -1 12 7 0 -2 61 -4 39 6

LV 2 0 51 2 34 0 12 -2 1 0 53 2 46 -2

LT 1 -2 44 2 41 -2 13 2 1 0 45 0 54 0

LU 24 1 68 -2 4 -1 1 0 3 2 92 -1 5 -1

HU 1 1 29 -2 50 2 18 -2 2 1 30 -1 68 0

MT 3 -4 60 1 26 4 9 -1 2 0 63 -3 35 3

NL 28 2 57 -3 11 1 2 -1 2 1 85 -1 13 0

AT 16 2 65 3 16 -4 2 0 1 -1 81 5 18 -4

PL 3 0 53 0 29 -3 10 2 5 1 56 0 39 -1

PT 0 0 42 -1 47 1 7 -2 4 2 42 -1 54 -1

RO 1 0 39 7 37 -3 22 -4 1 0 40 7 59 -7

SI 3 0 60 0 29 0 5 -1 3 1 63 0 34 -1

SK 4 -1 53 -6 35 5 6 2 2 0 57 -7 41 7

FI 21 2 69 0 9 -1 1 -1 0 0 90 2 10 -2

SE 35 -3 56 8 6 -4 2 -1 1 0 91 5 8 -5

UK 14 2 62 -2 17 0 4 -1 3 1 76 0 21 -1

QB2.13 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? La situation financière de votre ménage

QB2.13 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? The financial situation of your household

QB2.13 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Die finanzielle Situation Ihres Haushalts

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

14

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 2 1 22 5 44 -7 29 0 3 1 24 6 73 -7

BE 5 4 44 16 43 -15 7 -5 1 0 49 20 50 -20

BG 0 0 4 0 47 -1 46 2 3 -1 4 0 93 1

CZ 1 0 16 1 54 2 28 -3 1 0 17 1 82 -1

DK 3 -2 45 -1 46 4 4 -1 2 0 48 -3 50 3

DE 5 4 51 24 34 -22 5 -8 5 2 56 28 39 -30

EE 1 1 18 7 59 5 19 -13 3 0 19 8 78 -8

IE 0 0 3 -1 21 -9 75 10 1 0 3 -1 96 1

EL 0 0 2 -3 28 -12 70 15 0 0 2 -3 98 3

ES 1 1 2 -2 29 -8 68 9 0 0 3 -1 97 1

FR 0 -1 12 4 64 3 21 -7 3 1 12 3 85 -4

IT 3 2 15 4 49 -5 32 -1 1 0 18 6 81 -6

CY 2 1 14 -10 53 -4 28 15 3 -2 16 -9 81 11

LV 0 0 6 1 45 10 48 -11 1 0 6 1 93 -1

LT 0 0 6 2 57 9 34 -11 3 0 6 2 91 -2

LU 4 0 64 10 26 -8 3 0 3 -2 68 10 29 -8

HU 1 1 6 0 47 0 45 -1 1 0 7 1 92 -1

MT 0 -2 32 -7 45 10 16 0 7 -1 32 -9 61 10

NL 7 2 62 9 24 -11 4 -1 3 1 69 11 28 -12

AT 6 0 68 24 23 -20 2 -4 1 0 74 24 25 -24

PL 1 0 16 -4 51 -3 26 6 6 1 17 -4 77 3

PT 0 0 4 0 48 -7 47 6 1 1 4 0 95 -1

RO 0 0 5 2 33 -1 61 1 1 -2 5 2 94 0

SI 0 0 7 -3 46 -5 46 9 1 -1 7 -3 92 4

SK 1 0 12 1 49 -4 37 3 1 0 13 1 86 -1

FI 3 1 47 16 45 -12 4 -5 1 0 50 17 49 -17

SE 5 2 54 11 34 -9 5 -3 2 -1 59 13 39 -12

UK 1 0 17 -1 51 -2 27 3 4 0 18 -1 78 1

QB2.14 Comment jugez-vous la situation actuelle de chacun des domaines suivants ? La situation de l’emploi en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB2.14 How would you judge the current situation in each of the following? The employment situation in (OUR COUNTRY)

QB2.14 Wie beurteilen Sie die gegenwärtige Lage in den Bereichen auf dieser Liste? Die Lage auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in (UNSEREM LAND)

Très bonnePlutôt

mauvaiseNSP

Total 'Mauvaise'

Rather bad

Ziemlich schlecht

Très mauvaise

Very bad

Sehr schlecht

Very good

Sehr gut

Plutôt bonne

Rather good

Ziemlich gut

Total 'Bad'

Gesamt 'Schlecht'

DK

WN

Total 'Bonne'

Total 'Good'

Gesamt 'Gut'

15

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 26 1 14 -2 57 1 3 0

BE 30 6 11 -2 59 -3 0 -1

BG 19 3 12 -4 64 3 5 -2

CZ 14 -1 22 -1 62 1 2 1

DK 31 -3 4 0 64 2 1 1

DE 19 1 11 -4 67 3 3 0

EE 41 4 13 -5 45 2 1 -1

IE 25 -2 9 -1 62 2 4 1

EL 7 -5 49 2 42 2 2 1

ES 30 4 10 -4 57 -1 3 1

FR 32 4 9 -6 55 1 4 1

IT 24 1 13 1 58 1 5 -3

CY 25 4 19 1 51 -5 5 0

LV 32 5 13 -2 52 -5 3 2

LT 29 11 15 -13 51 1 5 1

LU 33 3 8 -5 57 4 2 -2

HU 16 -14 29 12 52 0 3 2

MT 23 -2 13 -2 56 4 8 0

NL 26 -1 10 -1 63 1 1 1

AT 21 -1 9 -1 68 2 2 0

PL 25 -2 15 3 54 -4 6 3

PT 11 -5 33 6 51 0 5 -1

RO 26 10 28 -12 42 1 4 1

SI 16 -4 17 -1 66 6 1 -1

SK 25 -2 20 4 53 -2 2 0

FI 28 3 4 -1 67 -2 1 0

SE 45 0 2 -1 52 2 1 -1

UK 34 0 13 -4 51 4 2 0

QB3.1 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Ihr Leben im Allgemeinen

QB3.1 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? Votre vie en général

QB3.1 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? Your life in general

Meilleurs Sans changement

Same

Gleich

NSP

DK

WN

Better

Besser

Moins bons

Worse

Schlechter

16

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 15 1 9 -1 74 0 2 0

BE 18 5 7 0 75 -4 0 -1

BG 17 5 6 -4 74 0 3 -1

CZ 10 -4 10 2 79 1 1 1

DK 13 -1 4 -3 83 5 0 -1

DE 7 -1 5 -3 87 4 1 0

EE 29 5 5 -3 65 -2 1 0

IE 9 -4 5 -2 83 5 3 1

EL 4 -6 41 9 54 -3 1 0

ES 18 3 7 -3 74 0 1 0

FR 19 0 3 0 77 1 1 -1

IT 19 4 13 0 65 -3 3 -1

CY 17 2 9 1 74 -1 0 -2

LV 21 6 6 -1 72 -5 1 0

LT 19 4 4 -4 74 -1 3 1

LU 13 -1 3 -4 83 6 1 -1

HU 14 -10 17 7 68 3 1 0

MT 17 0 5 -7 73 4 5 3

NL 12 0 8 0 79 0 1 0

AT 15 1 7 -2 77 1 1 0

PL 17 -4 7 1 73 2 3 1

PT 7 -3 22 4 68 -1 3 0

RO 22 9 16 -3 60 -6 2 0

SI 10 -2 14 -1 75 4 1 -1

SK 20 2 12 2 66 -5 2 1

FI 15 4 3 0 82 -4 0 0

SE 16 -1 4 0 79 1 1 0

UK 17 3 7 -4 74 1 2 0

QB3.2 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Gegend in der Sie leben

QB3.2 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? L’endroit où vous habitez

QB3.2 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The area you live in


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17

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 12 0 30 -1 55 1 3 0

BE 13 0 13 -1 73 2 1 -1

BG 16 3 17 -6 59 8 8 -5

CZ 7 -5 45 17 47 -12 1 0

DK 13 2 22 -13 65 13 0 -2

DE 5 1 42 -12 50 11 3 0

EE 25 2 16 1 56 -1 3 -2

IE 9 0 37 -2 46 -1 8 3

EL 4 -4 63 9 32 -6 1 1

ES 15 0 20 2 63 -1 2 -1

FR 12 1 29 -2 55 1 4 0

IT 17 1 24 1 56 -1 3 -1

CY 17 5 14 -4 66 0 3 -1

LV 11 2 23 -11 63 9 3 0

LT 12 3 16 -15 67 11 5 1

LU 12 -3 18 0 67 6 3 -3

HU 12 -14 35 19 51 -5 2 0

MT 28 -4 10 -3 56 9 6 -2

NL 6 0 49 2 43 -3 2 1

AT 13 -2 18 -1 67 3 2 0

PL 12 1 22 2 62 -3 4 0

PT 7 -3 39 5 48 -3 6 1

RO 14 5 50 -4 32 -2 4 1

SI 7 -2 35 -2 55 3 3 1

SK 11 -6 48 24 39 -19 2 1

FI 8 1 16 -5 75 4 1 0

SE 13 -3 17 5 69 1 1 -3

UK 15 0 26 2 55 -1 4 -1

QB3.3 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Das Gesundheitswesen in (UNSER LAND)

QB3.3 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? Les prestations des services de santé en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB3.3 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The healthcare system in (OUR COUNTRY)


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Moins bons

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18

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 8 0 38 -4 48 5 6 -1

BE 10 -2 37 2 51 2 2 -2

BG 12 2 18 -6 55 8 15 -4

CZ 3 -2 58 12 36 -10 3 0

DK 7 3 28 0 61 -2 4 -1

DE 3 0 38 -11 55 12 4 -1

EE 23 11 16 -4 56 -2 5 -5

IE 4 -1 39 3 40 -5 17 3

EL 2 -1 80 -2 16 2 2 1

ES 10 2 34 -12 50 10 6 0

FR 9 -2 36 -18 50 20 5 0

IT 15 1 32 -2 48 2 5 -1

CY 12 5 23 -3 54 -2 11 0

LV 7 -1 32 -14 57 14 4 1

LT 13 9 24 -28 56 20 7 -1

LU 7 -3 28 -2 53 10 12 -5

HU 6 -11 49 25 41 -13 4 -1

MT 10 -5 20 2 49 3 21 0

NL 4 2 57 5 35 -2 4 -5

AT 12 1 25 -4 59 3 4 0

PL 9 1 27 5 58 -6 6 0

PT 4 -2 59 8 31 -7 6 1

RO 13 6 49 -17 31 9 7 2

SI 4 -4 49 7 42 -4 5 1

SK 10 -3 42 10 44 -8 4 1

FI 5 1 22 1 70 -2 3 0

SE 9 -2 13 0 74 9 4 -7

UK 8 0 38 1 41 2 13 -3

QB3.4 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Rentenversorgung in (UNSER LAND)

QB3.4 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? Le système des retraites en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB3.4 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The provision of pensions in (OUR COUNTRY)


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19

%EB

75.4

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73.5

EB75.4

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73.5

EB75.4

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Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 9 1 33 -7 49 7 9 -1

BE 8 -1 25 -4 64 8 3 -3

BG 10 2 18 -5 55 9 17 -6

CZ 2 -2 56 3 37 -1 5 0

DK 7 1 23 -16 66 16 4 -1

DE 5 2 22 -29 66 27 7 0

EE 20 5 16 -4 53 2 11 -3

IE 5 0 49 1 36 -2 10 1

EL 2 -1 77 3 18 0 3 -2

ES 9 1 41 -9 43 7 7 1

FR 7 -1 28 -9 52 12 13 -2

IT 16 4 31 -1 44 -1 9 -2

CY 11 5 26 -1 46 -4 17 0

LV 8 2 37 -3 49 3 6 -2

LT 8 4 24 -27 57 25 11 -2

LU 12 3 15 -6 54 4 19 -1

HU 6 -9 55 30 34 -19 5 -2

MT 10 -2 18 2 42 -1 30 1

NL 3 1 48 -11 41 9 8 1

AT 13 -3 15 -5 65 7 7 1

PL 9 1 19 4 62 -5 10 0

PT 3 -1 61 7 27 -5 9 -1

RO 12 6 49 -15 31 8 8 1

SI 4 -4 45 7 45 -2 6 -1

SK 8 -4 41 5 44 -3 7 2

FI 8 4 18 2 68 -8 6 2

SE 17 -5 13 1 63 6 7 -2

UK 8 0 36 -3 40 7 16 -4

QB3.5 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Arbeitslosenunterstützung in (UNSER LAND)

QB3.5 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? Les allocations chômage en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB3.5 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? Unemployment benefits in (OUR COUNTRY)


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20

%EB

75.4

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73.5

EB75.4

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73.5

EB75.4

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EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 9 1 59 4 30 -5 2 0

BE 10 1 56 5 34 -4 0 -2

BG 14 2 43 3 38 -2 5 -3

CZ 2 -1 77 9 20 -9 1 1

DK 5 -2 42 8 52 -6 1 0

DE 3 0 68 10 27 -11 2 1

EE 15 6 66 0 18 -5 1 -1

IE 8 -5 58 13 29 -9 5 1

EL 2 -2 85 1 12 0 1 1

ES 9 0 52 -4 36 2 3 2

FR 11 1 58 0 28 -2 3 1

IT 17 3 42 1 38 -2 3 -2

CY 6 3 64 0 27 -3 3 0

LV 6 -1 59 14 32 -14 3 1

LT 16 10 29 -25 51 15 4 0

LU 12 5 51 0 35 -3 2 -2

HU 8 -12 64 24 26 -13 2 1

MT 7 1 63 4 21 -7 9 2

NL 3 -1 66 8 29 -8 2 1

AT 12 -2 42 3 43 -2 3 1

PL 9 1 53 6 34 -8 4 1

PT 3 -3 75 11 18 -9 4 1

RO 13 6 57 -13 26 6 4 1

SI 3 -3 71 7 24 -5 2 1

SK 8 -5 71 20 20 -14 1 -1

FI 3 -1 60 25 37 -24 0 0

SE 8 -3 44 18 45 -14 3 -1

UK 7 -1 73 6 18 -5 2 0

QB3.6 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Lebenshaltungskosten in (UNSER LAND)

QB3.6 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? Le coût de la vie en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB3.6 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The cost of living in (OUR COUNTRY)


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21

%EB

75.4

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73.5

EB75.4

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73.5

EB75.4

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EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 13 1 24 0 58 -1 5 0

BE 12 2 36 -1 51 0 1 -1

BG 19 4 7 -2 66 -1 8 -1

CZ 5 -2 34 5 59 -4 2 1

DK 15 2 20 -3 64 2 1 -1

DE 8 1 20 -3 66 1 6 1

EE 24 5 7 2 65 -8 4 1

IE 9 -3 14 -3 68 4 9 2

EL 3 -5 58 12 38 -8 1 1

ES 12 -1 21 -5 62 4 5 2

FR 12 3 29 -1 52 -2 7 0

IT 21 1 27 4 47 -5 5 0

CY 7 3 38 16 52 -18 3 -1

LV 12 -1 11 2 75 -1 2 0

LT 11 2 7 -6 73 3 9 1

LU 13 -1 15 -1 70 3 2 -1

HU 10 -7 30 11 56 -7 4 3

MT 12 -7 14 1 60 4 14 2

NL 9 2 35 -11 54 9 2 0

AT 14 -3 24 -1 58 3 4 1

PL 14 0 14 5 64 -9 8 4

PT 4 -5 32 7 54 -4 10 2

RO 15 5 22 -1 52 -5 11 1

SI 5 -3 34 3 57 -2 4 2

SK 13 -5 18 -1 66 5 3 1

FI 9 1 23 -1 67 1 1 -1

SE 18 -4 19 2 62 3 1 -1

UK 13 2 24 -3 58 1 5 0

QB3.7 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Beziehungen zwischen Menschen mit unterschiedlichem kulturellen oder religiösen Hintergrund oder verschiedener Nationalitäten in (UNSER LAND)

QB3.7 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? Les rapports entre les personnes d’origines culturelles ou religieuses différentes ou de nationalités différentes en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB3.7 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? Relations in (OUR COUNTRY) between people from different cultural or religious backgrounds or nationalities


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22

%EB

75.4

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73.5

EB75.4

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73.5

EB75.4

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EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 11 0 31 0 53 0 5 0

BE 14 2 26 -3 58 2 2 -1

BG 14 0 15 -1 61 5 10 -4

CZ 3 -2 38 7 57 -5 2 0

DK 14 6 20 -10 64 4 2 0

DE 6 1 29 -11 59 9 6 1

EE 21 3 18 3 56 -6 5 0

IE 7 -2 25 2 57 -2 11 2

EL 3 -3 67 7 29 -5 1 1

ES 10 0 30 -4 55 2 5 2

FR 13 3 33 -4 50 0 4 1

IT 19 0 28 4 48 -3 5 -1

CY 10 4 34 2 53 -4 3 -2

LV 11 0 20 -5 65 5 4 0

LT 9 3 22 -14 63 11 6 0

LU 17 1 14 -7 62 7 7 -1

HU 11 -14 42 19 44 -6 3 1

MT 16 -2 15 -2 54 1 15 3

NL 6 -2 46 3 46 0 2 -1

AT 12 -3 24 0 58 1 6 2

PL 11 1 23 7 59 -10 7 2

PT 5 -3 49 11 39 -9 7 1

RO 13 6 39 -8 42 2 6 0

SI 5 -4 45 9 47 -5 3 0

SK 10 -5 32 5 56 1 2 -1

FI 10 0 24 3 65 -3 1 0

SE 19 0 14 3 63 -3 4 0

UK 12 -2 27 -1 56 4 5 -1

QB3.8 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Art und Weise der Auseinandersetzung mit sozialer Benachteiligung, die zu Armut in (UNSER LAND) führen kann

QB3.8 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? La manière dont les inégalités et la pauvreté sont traitées en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB3.8 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The way inequalities and poverty are addressed in (OUR COUNTRY)


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23

%EB

75.4

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73.5

EB75.4

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73.5

EB75.4

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EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 9 0 53 7 34 -6 4 -1

BE 11 0 61 13 27 -13 1 0

BG 13 3 24 2 56 -1 7 -4

CZ 9 -4 29 7 61 -3 1 0

DK 5 -1 42 7 52 -5 1 -1

DE 5 1 72 9 21 -9 2 -1

EE 22 4 16 6 60 -9 2 -1

IE 10 -2 58 20 26 -16 6 -2

EL 3 0 81 7 15 -6 1 -1

ES 12 0 22 -3 61 2 5 1

FR 12 2 54 2 30 -2 4 -2

IT 18 3 34 4 43 -4 5 -3

CY 5 3 64 -4 27 2 4 -1

LV 10 0 16 2 72 -2 2 0

LT 6 2 48 -21 41 17 5 2

LU 12 3 56 6 28 -9 4 0

HU 8 -13 62 20 29 -7 1 0

MT 8 -1 58 0 25 -1 9 2

NL 4 -2 49 4 43 -3 4 1

AT 12 -1 46 6 39 -6 3 1

PL 8 1 47 3 39 -6 6 2

PT 3 -2 72 14 21 -12 4 0

RO 12 6 51 -7 30 -1 7 2

SI 5 -1 62 5 31 -3 2 -1

SK 9 -4 60 26 30 -20 1 -2

FI 3 -1 68 22 29 -19 0 -2

SE 9 -3 53 22 35 -17 3 -2

UK 6 -3 74 19 18 -13 2 -3

QB3.9 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Bezahlbare Energie in (UNSER LAND)

QB3.9 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? Le caractère abordable des coûts de l’énergie en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB3.9 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? How affordable energy is in (OUR COUNTRY)


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24

%EB

75.4

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73.5

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73.5EU 27 10 -1 43 5 42 -4 5 0

BE 9 1 52 10 38 -10 1 -1

BG 12 1 20 1 56 -1 12 -1

CZ 8 -2 38 0 53 2 1 0

DK 5 -4 28 6 65 -2 2 0

DE 4 -2 33 3 56 -2 7 1

EE 20 3 16 1 61 -4 3 0

IE 27 0 28 4 37 -4 8 0

EL 5 -3 64 2 30 1 1 0

ES 12 -3 45 2 40 0 3 1

FR 10 0 50 6 35 -5 5 -1

IT 17 3 34 3 44 -4 5 -2

CY 6 3 59 -1 32 -2 3 0

LV 12 -2 13 -1 72 3 3 0

LT 8 0 38 -11 48 11 6 0

LU 11 -1 58 15 29 -12 2 -2

HU 7 -13 57 19 33 -7 3 1

MT 5 -2 49 1 33 -3 13 4

NL 8 0 48 3 41 -4 3 1

AT 12 -2 37 5 47 -4 4 1

PL 10 0 41 4 43 -5 6 1

PT 3 -2 68 15 24 -12 5 -1

RO 13 6 46 -6 32 -1 9 1

SI 7 -7 52 5 37 1 4 1

SK 11 -4 53 16 35 -11 1 -1

FI 3 -1 60 19 37 -17 0 -1

SE 6 0 45 10 46 -9 3 -1

UK 10 -3 51 8 35 -3 4 -2

QB3.10 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Bezahlbare Energie in (UNSER LAND)

QB3.10 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? Le caractère abordable du coût du logement en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB3.10 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? How affordable housing is in (OUR COUNTRY)


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25

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75.4

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73.5EU 27 10 -1 25 -1 60 3 5 -1

BE 17 -2 29 4 53 1 1 -3

BG 19 2 8 -4 61 4 12 -2

CZ 5 -6 30 7 61 -2 4 1

DK 12 4 22 -13 65 10 1 -1

DE 4 0 14 -8 79 9 3 -1

EE 20 3 9 1 65 -1 6 -3

IE 8 0 25 -4 54 1 13 3

EL 5 -4 60 2 34 1 1 1

ES 9 -1 24 -3 64 5 3 -1

FR 11 1 24 -3 61 3 4 -1

IT 19 4 31 3 46 -5 4 -2

CY 10 6 17 0 67 -8 6 2

LV 13 -4 20 0 61 2 6 2

LT 8 2 15 -6 62 1 15 3

LU 15 0 8 -1 75 6 2 -5

HU 13 -15 27 8 54 6 6 1

MT 13 -2 19 0 54 -1 14 3

NL 9 -5 34 4 53 5 4 -4

AT 11 0 14 -1 73 1 2 0

PL 12 -1 19 7 61 -9 8 3

PT 3 -3 48 10 40 -9 9 2

RO 12 5 41 -10 39 2 8 3

SI 4 -6 30 2 61 4 5 0

SK 11 -6 23 0 62 6 4 0

FI 7 1 19 4 72 -5 2 0

SE 9 0 9 3 78 2 4 -5

UK 9 -6 26 -3 56 10 9 -1

QB3.11 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Das Funktionieren der öffentlichen Verwaltung in (UNSER LAND)

QB3.11 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? Le fonctionnement de l’administration publique en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB3.11 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The way public administration runs in (OUR COUNTRY)


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73.5EU 27 20 -1 36 -4 40 5 4 0

BE 29 5 27 -11 43 7 1 -1

BG 25 7 27 -8 40 2 8 -1

CZ 9 -7 51 4 38 3 2 0

DK 31 -3 19 -6 48 8 2 1

DE 28 -2 15 -15 52 16 5 1

EE 43 4 20 -7 35 4 2 -1

IE 13 -2 59 8 23 -6 5 0

EL 3 -2 88 7 9 -4 0 -1

ES 16 2 43 -9 36 5 5 2

FR 15 -1 38 -8 42 9 5 0

IT 21 1 37 -1 40 2 2 -2

CY 11 4 58 3 30 -5 1 -2

LV 18 -6 31 -1 48 5 3 2

LT 18 5 26 -20 52 14 4 1

LU 28 4 20 -10 48 7 4 -1

HU 16 -16 43 13 39 2 2 1

MT 15 -6 36 4 33 -1 16 3

NL 30 0 28 -6 40 5 2 1

AT 31 2 16 -9 48 5 5 2

PL 15 -7 28 10 49 -4 8 1

PT 5 -3 71 13 20 -10 4 0

RO 15 7 53 -15 28 7 4 1

SI 10 -3 59 11 28 -8 3 0

SK 15 -8 47 13 36 -3 2 -2

FI 17 -12 34 10 48 2 1 0

SE 25 -26 14 5 58 22 3 -1

UK 21 -3 42 -1 33 4 4 0

QB3.12 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die wirtschaftliche Lage in (UNSEREM LAND)

QB3.12 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? La situation économique en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB3.12 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The economic situation in (OUR COUNTRY)


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27

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73.5EU 27 19 2 10 -2 60 0 11 0

BE 22 3 5 -1 65 -1 8 -1

BG 17 4 10 -2 65 2 8 -4

CZ 8 -1 13 2 58 -2 21 1

DK 21 -1 3 0 74 2 2 -1

DE 16 1 5 -4 66 1 13 2

EE 31 2 5 -2 43 1 21 -1

IE 14 0 12 -1 58 -3 16 4

EL 5 -1 35 0 46 -1 14 2

ES 19 3 8 -5 65 -1 8 3

FR 23 3 4 -5 59 4 14 -2

IT 22 4 15 -2 59 0 4 -2

CY 10 3 13 0 56 -2 21 -1

LV 23 2 7 -5 57 2 13 1

LT 16 5 17 -15 51 10 16 0

LU 23 5 3 -3 59 -4 15 2

HU 10 -10 22 5 59 5 9 0

MT 13 -3 9 -2 53 0 25 5

NL 18 -2 9 0 54 -2 19 4

AT 20 4 6 -3 67 -1 7 0

PL 18 1 12 4 64 -5 6 0

PT 7 -4 28 5 58 -2 7 1

RO 13 5 24 -10 38 3 25 2

SI 10 -2 14 -1 69 3 7 0

SK 15 -4 14 3 56 -3 15 4

FI 16 4 7 2 72 -9 5 3

SE 32 0 2 0 62 1 4 -1

UK 22 1 9 1 55 -1 14 -1

QB3.13 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Ihre persönliche berufliche Situation

QB3.13 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? Votre situation professionnelle

QB3.13 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? Your personal job situation


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28

%EB

75.4

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73.5

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EB75.4

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73.5EU 27 19 2 18 -2 60 0 3 0

BE 22 2 11 1 67 -2 0 -1

BG 20 5 17 -8 55 5 8 -2

CZ 10 0 30 3 57 -4 3 1

DK 22 0 4 -3 73 2 1 1

DE 14 1 12 -6 71 5 3 0

EE 36 4 13 -4 50 1 1 -1

IE 12 0 24 2 58 -3 6 1

EL 3 -2 61 0 33 0 3 2

ES 19 3 11 -5 67 2 3 0

FR 24 2 11 -4 61 0 4 2

IT 20 3 15 -2 62 2 3 -3

CY 9 3 29 1 58 -4 4 0

LV 26 2 15 -3 57 1 2 0

LT 18 6 17 -15 61 8 4 1

LU 22 3 6 -4 69 1 3 0

HU 12 -13 36 12 50 0 2 1

MT 10 -3 23 0 61 2 6 1

NL 19 0 14 -2 65 1 2 1

AT 20 3 11 -2 65 -2 4 1

PL 19 0 22 6 54 -7 5 1

PT 6 -4 42 11 48 -7 4 0

RO 19 8 33 -16 43 7 5 1

SI 9 -4 27 6 61 -3 3 1

SK 17 -4 26 9 53 -7 4 2

FI 18 4 10 2 72 -6 0 0

SE 30 -2 9 1 60 0 1 1

UK 22 1 19 1 56 -2 3 0

QB3.14 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die finanzielle Situation Ihres Haushaltes

QB3.14 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? La situation financière de votre ménage

QB3.14 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The financial situation of your household


Same

Gleich

NSP

DK

WN

Better

Besser

Moins bons

Worse

Schlechter

29

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 21 2 33 -7 41 5 5 0

BE 30 11 20 -18 49 8 1 -1

BG 19 2 28 -5 43 5 10 -2

CZ 9 -5 41 -3 46 6 4 2

DK 42 1 12 -7 44 6 2 0

DE 27 5 15 -18 51 12 7 1

EE 41 -2 15 -4 38 5 6 1

IE 14 -2 58 5 23 -3 5 0

EL 3 -1 86 3 10 -3 1 1

ES 21 3 37 -11 38 7 4 1

FR 19 2 31 -16 46 14 4 0

IT 22 2 36 -1 38 -1 4 0

CY 9 4 58 4 30 -5 3 -3

LV 23 -1 22 -6 52 6 3 1

LT 18 7 22 -27 54 19 6 1

LU 26 5 23 -15 47 11 4 -1

HU 16 -15 42 17 39 -2 3 0

MT 15 -6 26 0 40 1 19 5

NL 30 -2 22 -7 45 9 3 0

AT 31 4 16 -12 49 7 4 1

PL 14 -1 26 6 52 -7 8 2

PT 5 -5 69 13 22 -8 4 0

RO 14 7 53 -11 28 4 5 0

SI 10 -4 54 7 33 -2 3 -1

SK 20 -5 37 2 41 4 2 -1

FI 28 -3 20 -4 51 7 1 0

SE 42 -14 11 1 44 13 3 0

UK 17 1 44 -4 35 4 4 -1

QB3.15 Welche Erwartungen haben Sie an die nächsten 12 Monate? Werden die nächsten 12 Monate besser, schlechter oder gleich sein, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Lage auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in (UNSEREM LAND)

QB3.15 Quelles sont vos attentes pour les douze prochains mois : les douze prochains mois seront-ils meilleurs, moins bons ou sans changement, en ce qui concerne … ? La situation de l'emploi en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB3.15 What are your expectations for the next twelve months: will the next twelve months be better, worse or the same, when it comes to...? The employment situation in (OUR COUNTRY)


Same

Gleich

NSP

DK

WN

Better

Besser

Moins bons

Worse

Schlechter

30

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 28 1 30 -2 41 1 1 0

BE 36 9 23 -7 41 -2 0 0

BG 8 -1 56 5 35 -4 1 0

CZ 21 -1 34 0 45 2 0 -1

DK 47 -2 16 -1 36 2 1 1

DE 30 4 20 -9 49 5 1 0

EE 37 1 33 -3 29 1 1 1

IE 26 -12 33 7 41 6 0 -1

EL 6 -8 70 12 24 -4 0 0

ES 25 1 37 -1 37 -1 1 1

FR 30 1 32 -2 37 1 1 0

IT 19 2 24 -5 56 4 1 -1

CY 32 0 34 3 33 -4 1 1

LV 20 -4 55 2 24 1 1 1

LT 17 2 56 -6 26 4 1 0

LU 48 0 15 1 37 -1 0 0

HU 10 -2 51 -2 39 4 0 0

MT 35 -3 31 -3 33 6 1 0

NL 43 2 17 0 40 -2 0 0

AT 28 9 17 -6 55 -2 0 -1

PL 27 -1 31 5 40 -4 2 0

PT 11 -3 54 4 34 -1 1 0

RO 14 -1 57 1 28 0 1 0

SI 18 -3 37 -7 45 10 0 0

SK 24 -4 36 8 39 -5 1 1

FI 47 4 11 -3 41 -2 1 1

SE 63 1 11 -2 26 2 0 -1

UK 37 -4 25 0 37 4 1 0

QB4.1 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Ihr Leben im Allgemeinen

QB4.1 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? Votre vie en général

QB4.1 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? Your life in general

Se sont améliorées Sont restées les mêmes

Stayed about the same

Ist etwa gleich geblieben

NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert

Se sont détériorées

Got worse

Verschlechtert

31

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 20 -1 18 1 60 0 2 0

BE 22 3 13 0 65 -3 0 0

BG 12 0 32 3 55 -3 1 0

CZ 27 0 15 0 58 0 0 0

DK 23 2 12 -1 61 1 4 -2

DE 16 1 9 -5 74 6 1 -2

EE 36 1 14 -3 48 2 2 0

IE 20 -10 14 -1 65 11 1 0

EL 3 -11 57 16 39 -5 1 0

ES 24 1 26 7 48 -9 2 1

FR 27 1 11 -2 61 1 1 0

IT 13 0 27 3 59 -2 1 -1

CY 33 6 20 0 47 -5 0 -1

LV 22 0 23 -1 53 1 2 0

LT 19 5 15 -9 65 4 1 0

LU 29 -8 6 -2 64 9 1 1

HU 14 -9 27 2 58 7 1 0

MT 33 5 12 -6 53 2 2 -1

NL 25 2 10 -2 63 1 2 -1

AT 19 2 11 -2 70 1 0 -1

PL 28 -5 12 2 58 4 2 -1

PT 11 -4 33 5 54 -2 2 1

RO 18 -2 31 4 50 -2 1 0

SI 13 -3 31 1 55 2 1 0

SK 22 -2 21 5 56 -4 1 1

FI 31 3 5 -2 62 -2 2 1

SE 25 1 8 -2 62 2 5 -1

UK 19 -1 14 -1 62 2 5 0

QB4.2 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Gegend in der Sie leben

QB4.2 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? L’endroit où vous habitez

QB4.2 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The area you live in




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

32

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 11 -1 44 3 42 -2 3 0

BE 24 7 11 -3 64 -3 1 -1

BG 5 2 57 -3 34 3 4 -2

CZ 9 -9 46 13 44 -4 1 0

DK 16 1 33 -3 47 2 4 0

DE 5 1 59 -3 34 3 2 -1

EE 24 -2 30 3 42 0 4 -1

IE 7 -4 60 0 27 2 6 2

EL 2 -4 75 12 22 -8 1 0

ES 16 -5 34 12 48 -7 2 0

FR 9 0 44 -1 43 1 4 0

IT 10 1 41 6 47 -7 2 0

CY 29 0 17 -1 48 2 6 -1

LV 5 -3 58 -4 33 7 4 0

LT 8 2 41 -11 45 7 6 2

LU 21 -1 17 8 56 -8 6 1

HU 5 -2 60 4 33 -3 2 1

MT 48 -6 19 1 30 8 3 -3

NL 14 2 40 0 44 -2 2 0

AT 13 -2 23 0 62 1 2 1

PL 10 1 38 3 49 -1 3 -3

PT 10 -6 50 5 37 1 3 0

RO 2 -5 81 9 14 -5 3 1

SI 6 -1 50 0 42 1 2 0

SK 6 -7 63 25 29 -19 2 1

FI 17 1 29 0 52 -2 2 1

SE 17 1 33 2 44 -2 6 -1

UK 16 -6 30 7 49 0 5 -1

QB4.3 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Das Gesundheitswesen in (UNSER LAND)

QB4.3 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? Les prestations des services de santé en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB4.3 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The healthcare system in (OUR COUNTRY)




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

33

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 5 -1 52 4 35 -2 8 -1

BE 11 2 26 -3 60 3 3 -2

BG 2 0 51 2 35 2 12 -4

CZ 7 -5 49 12 38 -5 6 -2

DK 6 -2 24 5 64 1 6 -4

DE 2 0 49 -5 42 6 7 -1

EE 28 -4 29 9 35 0 8 -5

IE 5 -5 50 2 29 2 16 1

EL 0 -2 93 8 6 -5 1 -1

ES 5 -6 60 10 29 -5 6 1

FR 4 2 61 2 27 -6 8 2

IT 8 3 50 0 38 -2 4 -1

CY 29 0 26 5 31 -5 14 0

LV 3 -7 60 0 31 7 6 0

LT 3 0 66 -11 22 10 9 1

LU 7 -1 17 6 55 -2 21 -3

HU 4 -3 62 7 30 -2 4 -2

MT 11 -15 31 10 40 11 18 -6

NL 3 -1 61 12 29 -6 7 -5

AT 7 -2 33 -3 55 5 5 0

PL 6 0 40 10 47 -8 7 -2

PT 3 -2 71 11 22 -7 4 -2

RO 1 -5 80 5 14 0 5 0

SI 2 -2 59 1 34 -1 5 2

SK 9 -12 46 19 37 -10 8 3

FI 10 3 31 7 51 -14 8 4

SE 6 1 32 3 51 3 11 -7

UK 6 -2 43 6 33 -3 18 -1

QB4.4 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Rentenversorgung in (UNSER LAND)

QB4.4 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? Le système des retraites en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB4.4 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The provision of pensions in (OUR COUNTRY)




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

34

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 7 0 44 0 34 0 15 0

BE 13 3 18 -6 65 7 4 -4

BG 4 1 46 -2 32 3 18 -2

CZ 3 -4 64 16 25 -10 8 -2

DK 7 -1 35 5 50 -3 8 -1

DE 9 3 33 -16 46 12 12 1

EE 20 -4 29 3 30 5 21 -4

IE 14 -4 49 0 27 3 10 1

EL 0 -2 83 11 13 -7 4 -2

ES 5 -5 65 9 22 -7 8 3

FR 6 1 38 -6 32 3 24 2

IT 7 1 46 3 34 -3 13 -1

CY 17 0 27 3 31 -2 25 -1

LV 3 -7 63 10 22 -1 12 -2

LT 5 2 53 -15 21 9 21 4

LU 17 2 10 -1 40 -4 33 3

HU 2 -2 67 14 24 -9 7 -3

MT 9 -11 27 5 34 7 30 -1

NL 4 1 38 -1 37 -4 21 4

AT 15 1 20 -6 54 2 11 3

PL 7 -2 33 10 45 -7 15 -1

PT 2 -2 71 11 19 -5 8 -4

RO 1 -5 76 6 15 1 8 -2

SI 6 -3 45 -2 40 4 9 1

SK 6 -9 47 9 34 -4 13 4

FI 8 2 21 5 57 -12 14 5

SE 10 0 51 -5 25 5 14 0

UK 8 -2 33 3 33 1 26 -2

QB4.5 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Arbeitslosenunterstützung in (UNSER LAND)

QB4.5 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? Les allocations chômage en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB4.5 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? Unemployment benefits in (OUR COUNTRY)




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

35

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 3 -2 80 6 15 -4 2 0

BE 6 3 81 4 13 -6 0 -1

BG 1 -2 82 6 15 -3 2 -1

CZ 2 -2 83 5 14 -4 1 1

DK 6 -5 61 10 31 -5 2 0

DE 2 -1 77 7 19 -6 2 0

EE 5 -1 87 6 7 -4 1 -1

IE 6 -4 82 10 10 -4 2 -2

EL 0 -1 96 5 4 -4 0 0

ES 2 -3 89 11 8 -9 1 1

FR 1 -1 89 2 8 -1 2 0

IT 6 1 68 0 24 -1 2 0

CY 2 0 89 2 8 -2 1 0

LV 1 -3 90 12 7 -10 2 1

LT 6 2 72 -13 17 9 5 2

LU 5 0 77 6 15 -7 3 1

HU 2 0 85 1 12 -2 1 1

MT 1 -3 89 5 8 -1 2 -1

NL 3 -1 75 4 20 -4 2 1

AT 7 -1 62 4 30 -3 1 0

PL 5 0 73 5 20 -3 2 -2

PT 1 -1 90 6 8 -6 1 1

RO 0 -4 87 5 11 0 2 -1

SI 2 -1 90 6 7 -6 1 1

SK 4 -5 86 20 9 -15 1 0

FI 6 1 73 14 20 -15 1 0

SE 14 -3 51 8 29 -6 6 1

UK 3 -3 87 11 8 -6 2 -2

QB4.6 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Lebenshaltungskosten in (UNSER LAND)

QB4.6 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? Le coût de la vie en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB4.6 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The cost of living in (OUR COUNTRY)




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

36

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 12 -1 35 1 47 -1 6 1

BE 10 2 46 1 43 -1 1 -2

BG 7 -2 23 3 65 0 5 -1

CZ 5 -4 42 4 51 -1 2 1

DK 15 -1 44 5 39 -4 2 0

DE 14 1 24 -3 55 1 7 1

EE 21 0 15 2 60 -1 4 -1

IE 16 -7 21 -3 56 12 7 -2

EL 4 -7 66 20 29 -13 1 0

ES 11 -5 36 6 48 -2 5 1

FR 6 0 48 -5 38 1 8 4

IT 13 -3 39 5 44 -1 4 -1

CY 14 -3 51 21 32 -16 3 -2

LV 6 -4 21 5 69 -2 4 1

LT 7 0 21 -2 62 1 10 1

LU 15 -1 18 1 61 -2 6 2

HU 6 0 45 4 45 -6 4 2

MT 23 0 22 -6 41 5 14 1

NL 9 1 55 -2 34 2 2 -1

AT 12 -1 32 -2 54 4 2 -1

PL 15 -3 19 6 55 -7 11 4

PT 5 -10 40 9 46 -1 9 2

RO 4 -4 39 9 46 -6 11 1

SI 4 -2 48 4 45 -4 3 2

SK 10 -3 26 -6 61 8 3 1

FI 18 4 33 -3 47 -1 2 0

SE 23 2 36 2 38 -4 3 0

UK 17 1 33 -1 43 -1 7 1

QB4.7 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Beziehungen zwischen Menschen mit unterschiedlichem kulturellen oder religiösen Hintergrund oder verschiedener Nationalitäten in (UNSER LAND)

QB4.7 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? Les rapports entre les personnes d’origines culturelles ou religieuses différentes ou de nationalités différentes en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB4.7 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? Relations in (OUR COUNTRY) between people from different cultural or religious backgrounds or nationalities




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

37

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 8 -1 44 3 42 -2 6 0

BE 12 3 35 -2 51 0 2 -1

BG 4 0 39 0 48 4 9 -4

CZ 3 -4 44 7 51 -3 2 0

DK 9 1 37 -1 51 1 3 -1

DE 8 2 36 -10 49 7 7 1

EE 17 2 29 3 47 -5 7 0

IE 7 -6 36 2 46 3 11 1

EL 1 -3 79 14 20 -10 0 -1

ES 6 -5 53 14 37 -9 4 0

FR 6 -1 58 1 30 -3 6 3

IT 10 -2 45 8 42 -3 3 -3

CY 13 1 50 12 33 -12 4 -1

LV 4 -1 46 -1 46 2 4 0

LT 4 1 51 -9 37 8 8 0

LU 15 -1 17 -1 58 3 10 -1

HU 4 -1 57 0 36 0 3 1

MT 20 -5 21 0 46 7 13 -2

NL 8 -4 46 10 41 -7 5 1

AT 9 -4 31 0 56 3 4 1

PL 8 -5 33 11 52 -5 7 -1

PT 6 -3 60 9 29 -7 5 1

RO 1 -4 62 5 30 -2 7 1

SI 4 -5 57 5 36 -1 3 1

SK 6 -3 44 6 47 -3 3 0

FI 13 4 40 6 45 -10 2 0

SE 14 0 38 2 42 -1 6 -1

UK 11 -1 33 3 47 -1 9 -1

QB4.8 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Art und Weise der Auseinandersetzung mit sozialer Benachteiligung und Armut in (UNSER LAND)

QB4.8 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? La manière dont les inégalités et la pauvreté sont traitées en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB4.8 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The way inequalities and poverty are addressed in (OUR COUNTRY)




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

38

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 5 -2 70 7 22 -4 3 -1

BE 5 -1 83 11 11 -10 1 0

BG 2 -5 70 28 25 -20 3 -3

CZ 15 -3 30 4 53 -2 2 1

DK 5 0 62 14 31 -11 2 -3

DE 3 0 79 2 16 -2 2 0

EE 25 1 16 6 56 -7 3 0

IE 9 -3 72 11 14 -8 5 0

EL 0 -2 93 7 7 -3 0 -2

ES 12 -4 42 10 41 -6 5 0

FR 3 -2 80 8 13 -5 4 -1

IT 10 1 54 5 32 -4 4 -2

CY 0 -1 86 -1 11 3 3 -1

LV 8 -4 27 9 63 -4 2 -1

LT 1 0 81 -11 14 8 4 3

LU 6 1 71 5 17 -6 6 0

HU 2 0 82 -5 15 5 1 0

MT 2 -2 89 6 7 -2 2 -2

NL 4 -4 59 5 32 0 5 -1

AT 7 0 53 2 38 -2 2 0

PL 4 -1 70 8 24 -3 2 -4

PT 1 -1 85 8 12 -7 2 0

RO 2 -2 80 8 14 -6 4 0

SI 3 -2 76 4 19 -2 2 0

SK 4 -8 78 33 17 -25 1 0

FI 3 0 82 18 14 -17 1 -1

SE 5 -4 73 11 16 -5 6 -2

UK 3 -2 84 10 10 -6 3 -2

QB4.9 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Bezahlbare Energie in (UNSER LAND)

QB4.9 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? Le caractère abordable des coûts de l’énergie en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB4.9 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? How affordable energy is in (OUR COUNTRY)




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

39

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 5 -2 65 6 25 -4 5 0

BE 3 -1 80 13 16 -11 1 -1

BG 6 -3 58 17 28 -14 8 0

CZ 11 -4 44 -2 43 5 2 1

DK 10 -6 43 9 44 -2 3 -1

DE 5 -1 39 2 47 -2 9 1

EE 20 -5 36 4 39 0 5 1

IE 36 5 39 -6 18 1 7 0

EL 3 -1 78 3 18 -1 1 -1

ES 3 -5 84 12 12 -6 1 -1

FR 2 -1 81 7 13 -5 4 -1

IT 7 1 57 3 32 -3 4 -1

CY 1 0 91 0 5 -1 3 1

LV 15 -7 30 2 51 5 4 0

LT 7 0 67 -11 19 9 7 2

LU 2 -1 82 9 11 -7 5 -1

HU 3 1 78 -5 18 4 1 0

MT 4 0 74 3 17 0 5 -3

NL 7 2 65 4 24 -6 4 0

AT 7 1 50 3 40 -4 3 0

PL 4 -2 68 5 23 -1 5 -2

PT 1 -3 80 12 15 -9 4 0

RO 5 -2 73 8 15 -5 7 -1

SI 3 -6 76 6 19 0 2 0

SK 8 -9 70 20 20 -12 2 1

FI 3 0 76 16 20 -16 1 0

SE 6 -8 59 16 31 -5 4 -3

UK 5 -2 75 6 14 -3 6 -1

QB4.10 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Erschwinglicher Wohnraum in (UNSER LAND)

QB4.10 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? Le caractère abordable du coût du logement en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB4.10 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? How affordable housing is in (OUR COUNTRY)




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

40

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 7 0 38 3 49 -3 6 0

BE 12 3 20 -4 67 3 1 -2

BG 9 1 27 -2 51 2 13 -1

CZ 8 -3 41 7 48 -4 3 0

DK 8 -2 41 -1 48 2 3 1

DE 5 2 17 -5 73 4 5 -1

EE 21 -1 13 1 56 0 10 0

IE 5 0 43 -9 39 5 13 4

EL 4 -1 72 5 23 -4 1 0

ES 4 -2 48 13 45 -9 3 -2

FR 6 2 41 -1 47 -2 6 1

IT 9 0 49 9 38 -8 4 -1

CY 16 7 26 4 51 -11 7 0

LV 3 -3 47 -4 45 7 5 0

LT 5 2 35 -7 43 1 17 4

LU 15 -1 9 -3 70 4 6 0

HU 9 2 41 -2 43 -2 7 2

MT 12 -4 32 3 45 3 11 -2

NL 9 4 38 -1 47 -3 6 0

AT 12 2 17 -2 69 0 2 0

PL 11 -3 28 8 52 -7 9 2

PT 3 -4 59 10 31 -7 7 1

RO 3 -2 65 2 25 -2 7 2

SI 6 -4 46 4 42 0 6 0

SK 11 -1 36 6 48 -6 5 1

FI 6 -1 24 -3 66 2 4 2

SE 10 0 20 1 62 4 8 -5

UK 7 0 38 1 43 0 12 -1

QB4.11 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Das Funktionieren der öffentlichen Verwaltung in (UNSER LAND)

QB4.11 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? Le fonctionnement de l’administration publique en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB4.11 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The way public administration runs in (OUR COUNTRY)




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

41

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 12 6 68 -7 17 1 3 0

BE 13 9 60 -17 26 8 1 0

BG 2 0 80 -1 16 3 2 -2

CZ 2 -2 83 3 14 -1 1 0

DK 7 -3 71 -3 19 5 3 1

DE 43 37 27 -43 26 6 4 0

EE 19 6 65 -10 14 4 2 0

IE 2 -1 92 6 3 -4 3 -1

EL 0 -1 97 3 3 -2 0 0

ES 1 0 93 3 5 -3 1 0

FR 2 0 80 -6 14 5 4 1

IT 6 1 70 3 23 -3 1 -1

CY 3 0 87 -2 9 2 1 0

LV 2 0 84 -4 12 3 2 1

LT 4 2 82 -11 11 7 3 2

LU 15 5 51 -14 28 7 6 2

HU 4 2 82 -5 13 2 1 1

MT 12 -6 59 1 22 5 7 0

NL 8 3 77 -7 13 3 2 1

AT 20 12 42 -19 36 6 2 1

PL 13 -13 51 18 30 -4 6 -1

PT 1 0 89 3 9 -3 1 0

RO 1 -2 87 1 10 2 2 -1

SI 3 -5 87 11 8 -7 2 1

SK 6 -5 78 13 15 -8 1 0

FI 11 5 54 -13 32 6 3 2

SE 50 26 23 -26 22 1 5 -1

UK 4 1 83 -3 10 2 3 0

QB4.12 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die wirtschaftliche Lage in (UNSER LAND)

QB4.12 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? La situation économique en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB4.12 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The economic situation in (OUR COUNTRY)




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

42

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 19 1 23 -1 48 0 10 0

BE 25 5 14 0 52 -5 9 0

BG 7 -1 35 0 53 0 5 1

CZ 12 -2 22 -2 45 0 21 4

DK 29 -2 15 2 53 -1 3 1

DE 24 2 12 -6 53 3 11 1

EE 24 5 22 -6 34 1 20 0

IE 11 -3 33 3 43 -1 13 1

EL 5 -5 48 8 35 -3 12 0

ES 13 1 33 -1 50 -1 4 1

FR 26 4 15 -4 42 -3 17 3

IT 14 2 28 1 55 -2 3 -1

CY 17 4 21 0 44 -6 18 2

LV 12 -2 38 -2 36 2 14 2

LT 9 3 48 -12 28 7 15 2

LU 30 -1 6 -3 48 -2 16 6

HU 5 0 43 -4 44 5 8 -1

MT 15 -8 18 -2 46 9 21 1

NL 27 -1 20 3 34 -5 19 3

AT 27 7 13 -3 55 -3 5 -1

PL 18 0 23 5 54 -5 5 0

PT 7 -3 41 4 48 -2 4 1

RO 5 -4 46 5 26 -2 23 1

SI 14 0 28 -2 53 2 5 0

SK 17 -2 26 3 45 -4 12 3

FI 23 4 13 0 58 -8 6 4

SE 45 1 10 -3 41 4 4 -2

UK 20 -3 21 2 47 3 12 -2

QB4.13 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Ihre persönliche berufliche Situation

QB4.13 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? Votre situation professionnelle

QB4.13 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? Your personal job situation




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

43

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 18 0 35 -1 45 1 2 0

BE 27 6 21 0 51 -6 1 0

BG 7 -1 57 1 35 1 1 -1

CZ 13 -1 42 -1 44 2 1 0

DK 31 -3 18 -1 50 4 1 0

DE 21 3 24 -6 54 4 1 -1

EE 30 6 35 -4 34 -2 1 0

IE 11 -3 48 6 38 -2 3 -1

EL 3 -5 76 6 21 -1 0 0

ES 12 1 41 -3 47 2 0 0

FR 24 1 29 -3 42 -1 5 3

IT 11 1 30 -2 58 2 1 -1

CY 13 0 47 2 39 -2 1 0

LV 13 -4 56 2 30 2 1 0

LT 12 1 57 -6 29 4 2 1

LU 31 -5 12 0 53 3 4 2

HU 7 0 62 -5 31 6 0 -1

MT 10 -12 37 0 51 12 2 0

NL 30 -1 24 2 44 -2 2 1

AT 27 9 23 -5 49 -4 1 0

PL 21 -2 40 8 38 -3 1 -3

PT 5 -3 57 4 36 -2 2 1

RO 7 -4 62 2 29 2 2 0

SI 9 -3 45 1 43 0 3 2

SK 19 -2 42 10 37 -9 2 1

FI 31 4 16 0 52 -5 1 1

SE 50 2 16 -6 32 3 2 1

UK 22 -4 30 1 44 2 4 1

QB4.14 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die finanzielle Situation Ihres Haushaltes

QB4.14 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? La situation financière de votre ménage

QB4.14 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The financial situation of your household




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

44

%EB

75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5

EB75.4

Diff.EB

73.5EU 27 12 7 64 -9 20 2 4 0

BE 17 11 49 -23 32 11 2 1

BG 1 -1 76 -4 19 5 4 0

CZ 4 0 67 -10 26 9 3 1

DK 7 -2 71 0 19 2 3 0

DE 45 36 23 -37 27 1 5 0

EE 11 7 74 -9 11 3 4 -1

IE 2 0 91 2 5 -1 2 -1

EL 0 -2 97 5 3 -3 0 0

ES 1 0 92 0 6 -1 1 1

FR 4 3 73 -13 17 7 6 3

IT 5 1 69 1 24 -2 2 0

CY 2 -1 86 8 9 -4 3 -3

LV 3 1 83 -6 12 4 2 1

LT 4 3 75 -14 15 9 6 2

LU 10 3 56 -9 26 3 8 3

HU 3 1 77 -4 18 2 2 1

MT 10 -8 48 2 33 6 9 0

NL 10 5 56 -18 28 11 6 2

AT 21 14 37 -22 39 7 3 1

PL 11 -2 47 5 35 -2 7 -1

PT 1 0 87 1 11 -1 1 0

RO 1 -2 84 1 12 1 3 0

SI 3 -2 84 8 11 -7 2 1

SK 7 0 69 -4 22 3 2 1

FI 15 9 49 -24 32 12 4 3

SE 33 21 37 -26 24 7 6 -2

UK 4 -1 75 -2 15 2 6 1

QB4.15 Haben sich die Dinge im Vergleich zu vor fünf Jahren Ihrer Ansicht nach verbessert oder verschlechtert oder sind sie gleich geblieben, wenn es um Folgendes geht? Die Lage auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in (UNSER LAND)

QB4.15 Diriez-vous que, par rapport à il y a cinq ans, les choses se sont améliorées, déteriorées ou sont restées les mêmes en ce qui concerne … ? La situation de l’emploi en (NOTRE PAYS)

QB4.15 Compared with five years ago, would you say things have improved, gotten worse or stayed about the same when it comes to…? The employment situation in (OUR COUNTRY)




NSP

DK

WN

Improved

Verbessert


Got worse

Verschlechtert

45

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