EBA-related EBA-related HE and R&D in EstoniaHE and R&D in Estonia

Jaan Kõrgesaar

Rīga, August 30, 2006

Mirror, mirror on the wall… In 1988, 1st (private) EBA-school was

set up, close to the 1st “nouveaux privé” HEI

17 539 students on all levels, ~25,7% from student body; 85,6% of them fee-paying: changes ahead (?)

162 or ~13,9% from all acting study programs

... who’s the fairest of them all? EBA-programmes in 21 HEI-s (54%), rest have

“administration” etc programmes with some EBA-studies embedded

Prof Väino Rajangu’s guess: formal diversity in programme titles contrasting missing “real” diversity in content to be found elsewhere

1988-1995 initial modernization of subject content, from ‘2002 “Bologna’s” shift to the initial broad social science base

HE rated by … Programme accreditation (full or conditional;

negative means closure)

EBA: graduate school (UT, TTU, BoE)

EBA: PhD studies fully accr.in UT, TTU – cond.

Warmhouse for PhD studies, but graduate’s outlook in academic environment to be improved

HE Policy & Strategy Social sciences, EBA incl. not in

“most favoured” status by governmental HE financing scheme

EBA-tribalism? Same quality standards applied but …

Contrasting “consumer behaviour” and public mood

R&D Structure in Estonia

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL (TAN)

RIIGIKOGU (Parliament)

RESEARCH COMPETENCY

COUNCIL

OTHER MINISTRIES

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL (TAN)

RIIGIKOGU (Parliament)

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

ESTONIAN SCIENCE

FOUNDATION

TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (ESTAG)

UNIVERSITIES

STATE R&D INSTITUTIONS

PRIVATE R&D INSTITUTIONS

GOVERNMENT

PUBLIC R&D INSTITUTION

S

State agencies private public

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND

RESEARCH

MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION AND ECONOMY

COMPETITIVNESS COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL (TAN)

RIIGIKOGU (Parliament)

RESEARCH COMPETENCY

COUNCIL

INNOVATION POLICY

COMMISSION

RESEARCH POLICY

COMMISSION

6

R&D financing system in Estonia

Universities Research Institutes

Research Institutes

Research Labs of Private Business Sector

Estonian Technology

Agency

Estonian Science

Foundation

Research Grant Financing

• Research & productdevelopment projects• Technology programs in priority areas

Institutional Target Financing

• Basic financing• Financing of Infra-structures

OtherMinistries

Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications

National R&D Programmes

Research Competency

Council

State Bodies Public Institutions Private Organizations

Ministry of Education and Research

7

R&D expenditure and funding sources in Estonia (2004) and elsewhere (2002)

8

Estonia Finland Sweden EU-25R&D expenditures

GERD (% GDP) 0.91 3.51 4.27 1.93BERD (%GERD) 39 68.6 76.7 65.0

R&D financing (%) (2003)State 48.6 26 21 34

Private sector 33 71 72 56Foreign sources 15.2 3 4 7

Sources of financing R&D, 2002

Source: Eurostat, New Cronos, OECD, MSTI database

29

31

32

33

30

42

47

49

54

56

56

66

71

72

54

61

61

49

59

36

27

39

42

34

41

32

26

21

14

5

5

15

10

22

21

7

3

7

2

2

3

4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Estonia

Poland

Portugal

Estonia (2003)

Hungary

Austria

United Kingdom

Spain

Czech Republic

EU 25 (2001, ~)

Slovak Republic

Germany

Finland

Sw eden (2001)

%

Abroad

Government

Business

9

R&D spending per researcher, 2002R&D spending per researcher, 2002Full-time

researchersR&D annual spending per researcher in

thousands EEK

Annual state allocation per researcher in

thousands EEK

From state(%)

From abroad

(%)

Science 859 257 184 72 20Technology 568 192 116 60 21Medicine 176 369 290 79 16Agriculture 170 336 299 89 6Social sciences 391 176 113 64 19Humanities 430 194 168 87 6Public sector 2595 232 170 73 16 with support personnel added

6342 95 70

Private sector 464 576 57,6 10 10Allikas: Eesti Statistikaamet

35% 37% 37 37 36,5 33,9 31,8

25% 25% 19 18 18 20,9 20,7

16%11 9,6 10,8 11,2

10,6

13% 9%

14 9,5 9,1 12,4

7% 9%9 11

11,4 11,9 10,9

10% 9% 11 11 13,8 13,1 13,6

10%

12

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1995 1997 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004

Other

Humanities

Social sciences

Agriculture

Medicine

Technology

Natural sciences

R&D spending by research areas

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Ung

ari

Ees

ti

Taan

i

Läti

Küp

ros

Iirim

aa

Sak

sam

aa

Nor

ra

Bel

gia

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nd

Bul

gaar

ia

Poo

la

Tshe

hhi

Roo

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Soo

me

Por

tuga

l

Leed

u

His

paan

ia

Rum

eeni

a

Slo

veen

ia

Slo

vakk

ia

Humanities

0

5

10

15

20

25

Slo

veen

ia

Nor

ra

Iirim

aa

Küp

ros

Por

tuga

l

Soo

me

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iaR

oots

i

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ti

His

paan

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umee

nia

Isla

nd

Leed

u

Sak

sam

aa

Tshe

hhi

Poo

la

Bul

gaar

ia

Social sciences

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Roo

tsi

Taan

iN

orra

Isla

nd

Soo

me

Bel

gia

Sak

sam

aaH

ispa

ania

Rum

eeni

aU

ngar

i

Poo

la

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ti

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vakk

iaP

ortu

gal

Slo

veen

iaIir

imaa

Tsh

ehhi

Leed

uB

ulga

aria

Küp

ros

Medicine

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Rum

eeni

a

Poo

la

Tshe

hhi

Bel

gia

Soo

me

Roo

tsi

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Iirim

aa

Por

tuga

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aa

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veen

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Bul

gaar

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ispa

ania

Ung

ari

Ees

ti

Leed

u

Nor

ra

Taan

i

Küp

ros

Technology

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Bul

gaar

ia

Küp

ros

Isla

nd

Ung

ari

Slo

vakk

ia

Por

tuga

l

Bel

gia

Nor

ra

Leed

u

Taan

i

Poo

la

Ees

ti

His

paan

ia

Tshe

hhi

Slo

veen

ia

Läti

Soo

me

Roo

tsi

Sak

sam

aa

Rum

eeni

a

Iirim

aa

Agriculture

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Leed

u

Tshe

hhi

Slo

vakk

ia

His

paan

ia

Küp

ros

Sak

sam

aa

Ees

tiIir

imaa

Bul

gaar

ia

Slo

veen

ia

Rum

eeni

a

Poo

la

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tuga

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Taan

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Nor

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Roo

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nd

Science

Relative funding of research areas, Estonia vs EU (2002)

EBA as not the most competitive field of research R&D funding Publications Citation Brain drain in 1990s

So, how much, then?

0,00

500 000,00

1 000 000,00

1 500 000,00

2 000 000,00

2 500 000,00

3 000 000,00

3 500 000,00

4 000 000,00

4 500 000,00

Sum

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Governmental allocations for economics research in Estonia

Targeted f inancing Grant f inancing

Individual research grants

0,00

20 000,00

40 000,00

60 000,00

80 000,00

100 000,00

120 000,00

140 000,00

160 000,00

Sum

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Individual research grants in economics

Average grant

Targeted financing or InstResGrant

0,00

100 000,00

200 000,00

300 000,00

400 000,00

500 000,00

600 000,00

Sum

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Institutional research grants in economics

Average sum for project

Getting better since 2000 Grants, EU programs, 6th FW incl. Evaluation exercise ‘2000: transition-

shock survival rated for 5 Ss (2 institutions, 3 faculties with TarFEBA ****; EIE and 2 fac-s *** and EBS **; MoreFundRes!). 2008?

Consultancy and applied research – success or substitution

PhD-employees, Harvard incl. emerge locally and gradually (Bank of Estonia)

Strategy of R&D&I, 2007-2013, approved on June 1, 2006R&D from GDP

2008: 1,5% 2010: 1,9% 2014: 3,0% 47% from EU structural funds

Development and motivation of human capital Efficient administration of public-sector R&D&I Increased innovation capacity of enterprises Policies targeted to long-term development

Challenges ahead Administratively in the area of R&D&I:

Enough capable persons

Competitive infrastructure

Targeting needs and capacities of Estonia

Steadily increasing financing

Both quality and quantity of R&D R&D employees: 8 researchers and

engineers per 1000 employees

80% of R&D infrastructure modernized or built up anew

1200 research publications annually

5 times more patents

Applied research Following specific quality criteria

Specific role of the client (applier/subscriber)

Rules to provide state support