SAMPLE TEACHERS MANUAL

LESSON 2 COMPUTER ELEMENTS

Estimated Learning Time: 2 sessions

Reference: ICT Stages 4 KEY STEPS pages 27-38

Values Formation: Humility

Appreciation

Diligence

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to:

identify the elements of computer system;

discuss the elements of computer and

show interest in discussing the elements of computer.

Routinary Activities

Prayer

Enlivener

Review of the Past Lesson

Lesson Proper

Assessment / Evaluation

ICT Integration

Computer Literacy

Materials

Teacher: Seating chart for the computer laboratory; textbooks for

distribution; board and chalk; flash cards/ pictures of computer

elements

PowerPoint presentation of the computer elements

Pupils: Computer Book, notebook, pencil

Strategies

1. Show pictures/ actual computer elements

2. Discuss the elements of computer.

Motivation

1. Enlivener

2. PowerPoint Presentation of the Computer elements

3. Flash cards

4. Games

Review of the Past Lesson

Who is the Father of Modern Computer?

Can you recite at least 5 inventors and their inventions?

Lesson Proper

A computer is an automatic and electronic machine that:

accepts data and instruction from a user (INPUT);

manipulate data according to instructions (PROCESS);

store the data and instructions (STORAGE); and

give meaningful results to the user (OUTPUT);

The computer has four elements. They are as follows:

1. Hardware

2. Software

3. Peopleware

4. Dataware

HARDWARE - refers to the physical parts of computer. These are the

interconnected computer devices which can be seen and touched.

Example of computer hardware according to its function:

A. Input Devices – accept data and instructions from the users or

other computer systems.

Two most popular input devices for personal computer:

1. Keyboard – It is the standard input device. It

consists of alphanumeric keys, numeric keys,

arrow keys, function keys and other special

keys for computer operations.

2. Mouse – is the most popular pointing input

device. It is used to move across a mat or flat

surface to move the cursor on a computer

screen.

Other input devices

Trackball Touchpad Graphics Tablet

Touchscreen Joystick Pointing Stick

Microphone Speech Recognition Light Pen

Image Scanner Eye Gaze Tracker Web Camera

Touch and Go Magic Trackpad Barcode Reader

Laser Pen Optical Card Reader

Output devices – These are devices that return processed data back

to the user or to another computer system.

Below are some examples of output devices:

1. Monitor - displays the texts, videos and graphics information

generated by the computer. They are very similar to televisions.

Two kinds of monitor

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

2. Printer – a device that accepts text and graphic output from a

computer and transfers the information on paper.

3. Speaker and headphone – These are devices where you can

hear sound.

Storage Devices

Storage devices are computer devices that hold data and

information. There are two kinds of storage devices, the primary

storage and the secondary storage.

1. Primary storage is also known as main memory. It is the internal

storage of a computer that holds data for quick access by the

computer’s processor.

Examples of the primary storage are the following:

a. Read Only Memory (ROM)

b. Random Access Memory (RAM)

2. Secondary storage is sometimes called as the Auxiliary storage.

It supplements the main memory. It stores data and instructions

for future use.

Other hardware devices:

1. Motherboard – It is the main circuit board that holds the CPU,

RAM and any other computer peripheral.

2. RAM (Random Access Memory) - It temporarily stores data and

instructions that are being fed in the computer.

3. AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) and

4. UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)

AVR - as the name implies, is a device intended to

regulate voltage automatically.

UPS - It is also called a battery back-up. It’s a device that

helps provides consistent power to a computer system.

SOFTWARE

Software refers to a program that tells the computer what to do.

These are sets of instructions that run on your machine and for the

machine to follow.

There are two kinds of software:

1. Operating System Software – This program is used by computer

to control all the computer devices and coordinates its own

activities. This is the most important software of the computer.

Examples of system software:

Windows systems such as Windows 7, Windows 8 etc.

iOS

Linux

2. Application software – A generic term to any program which is

intended for the users in performing specific task.

PEOPLEWARE

This element refers to a person who uses computer or to a

person who maintains and repairs it.

A computer is just a machine invented by the people.

It would not work without the help of a person who will use it.

Examples of Peopleware:

Computer Engineer

Computer Teacher

Computer Technician

Webmaster

System Analyst

Computer Programmer

Call Center Agent

DATAWARE

Data consists of raw facts that allows the computer to manipulate

and process them to become an information useful to people.

Data can be classified as the following:

Formatted data – Numerical and alphabetical data

Text – series of letter and numbers and other special characters

and symbols

Image – data in the form of pictures, graph and drawings.

Audio – data in the form of sounds

Video – data that refers to a movie clip taken by video camera

played in the computer.

Valuing

Appreciation and better care when using the computer by

knowing the different computer elements needed to make the

computer work.

Assessment / Evaluation

Knowledge Check (Activity 5 page 35)

Process Check (Activity 6 page 36)

Understanding Check (Activity 7 page 37)

Performance Check (Activity 8 page 38)

Please refer to the Answer key for the key to correction.

ANSWER KEY