ec 7 & 8 sem

w.e.f academic session July 2010 of 22

Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal (MP) B.E. (EC) Electronics and Communication Engineering

Revised Syllabus and Scheme of Examination Effective from July 2010

SEVENTH SEMESTER

S. No

Course Category

Course Code (New)

Subject Period Per Week

Distribution of Marks

Theory Exam

Practical Exam

Internal Assessment Total MST TW Total

L T P C I II III I+II+III

1. DC-17 EC701 Optical Communication 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 50 200

2. DC-18 EC702 Antenna and Wave Propagation 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 50 200

3. DC-19 EC703 TV and Radar Engg. 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 50 200

4. DCO(E)-I Refer Table below

Elective-I 3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 20 120

5. DCO(E)-II Refer Table below

Elective-II 3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 20 120

6. DC-20 EC-704 Major Project (Planning and Literature) 0 0 4 4 - - - 50 50 50

7. DC-21 EC-705 Industrial Training (Four Weeks)* 0 0 0 4 - 50 - 30 30 80

8. NECC-9 EC-706 Seminar / Group Discussion etc. 0 0 1 1 - - - 30 30 30

TOTAL 15 5 11 35 500 200 100 200 300 1000

*Students will go for Industrial Training after VI semester in the summer vacations and will be assessed in VII semester.

ELECTIVE-I EC-7101 Wireless Communications EC-7102 Digital Image Processing EC-7103 Industrial Electronics

Note: 1. Minimum strength of ten students is required to offer an Elective in the college in a particular subject. e-Resources- video and web courses developed by National Programme on Technology Enhanced learning (NPTEL) (A joint venture by IITs and IISc and approved by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India) are available on http://nptel.iitm.ac.in and should be regularly used in the digital library/ library.

ELECTIVE-II EC-7201 Satellite Communication EC7202 Neural Networks EC7203 Random Signal Theory


Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal (MP) B.E. (EC) Electronics and Communication Engineering Revised Syllabus and Scheme of Examination Effective from July 2010

EIGHTH SEMESTER

S. No.

Course Category

Course Codes (New) Subject

Period Per Week

Distribution of Marks

Theory Exam

Practical Exam

Internal Assessment

Total MST TW Total

L T P C I II III I+II+III 1 DC-22 EC-801 Advanced Communication Systems 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 50 200

2 DC-23 EC-802 CMOS Circuit Design 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 50 200

3 DC-24 EC-803 Nanoelectronics 3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 20 120

4 DCO(E)-III Refer Table below

Elective-III 3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 20 120

5 DC-25 EC-804 Major Project 0 0 8 8 - 200 - 100 100 300

6 NECC-10 EC-805 Self Study 0 0 2 2 - - - 30 30 30

7 NECC-11 EC-806 Seminar / Group Discussion etc. 0 0 2 2 - - - 30 30 30

TOTAL 12 4 16 32 500 300 80 220 300 1000 Note: 1. Minimum strength of ten students is required to offer an Elective in the college in a particular subject. e-Resources- video and web courses developed by National Programme on Technology Enhanced learning (NPTEL) (A joint venture by IITs and IISc and approved by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India) are available on http://nptel.iitm.ac.in and should be regularly used in the digital library/ library.

ELECTIVE-III EC-8101 Advanced Data Networks EC-8102 Microwave Circuits EC-8103 Principles of Management & Managerial Economics


RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL PROGRAMME: Electronics and Communication Engineering

COURSE: EC-701 Optical Communication Category of

course Course Title Course code Credit-4C Theory paper (ES)

Departmental Core (DC-17)

Optical communication EC-701 L 3

T 1

P 2

Max. Marks-100 Min. Marks: 35 Duration: 3 hrs.

Course Contents Unit-I Overview of Optical Fiber Communications (OFC): Motivation, optical spectral bands, key elements of optical fiber systems. Optical fibers: basic optical laws and definitions, optical fiber modes and configurations, mode theory for circular waveguides, single-mode fibers, graded-index fiber structure, fiber materials, photonic crystal fibers, fiber fabrication, fiber optic cables. Unit-II Optical sources: Light emitting diodes (LEDs): structures, materials, quantum efficiency, LED power, modulation of an LED. Laser diodes: modes, threshold conditions, laser diode rate equations, external quantum efficiency, resonant frequencies, structure and radiation patterns, single mode lasers, modulation of laser diodes. Power launching and coupling: source to fiber power launching, fiber to fiber joints, LED coupling to single mode fibers, fiber splicing, optical fiber connectors. Unit-III Photodetectors: pin photodetector, avalanche photodiodes, photodetector noise, detector response time, avalanche multiplication noise. Signal degradation in optical fibers: Attenuation: units, absorption, scattering losses, bending losses, core and cladding losses. Signal distortion in fibers: overview of distortion origins, modal delay, factors contributing to delay, group delay, material dispersion, waveguide dispersion, polarization-mode dispersion. Characteristics of single mode fibers: refractive index profiles, cutoff wavelength, dispersion calculations, mode field diameter, bending loss calculation. Specialty fibers. Unit-IV Optical receivers: fundamental receiver operation, digital receiver performance, eye diagrams, coherent detection: homodyne and heterodyne, burst mode receiver, analog receivers. Digital links: point to point links, link power budget, rise time budget, power penalties. Analog links: overview of analog links, carrier to noise ratio, multichannel transmission techniques. Unit-V Optical technologies Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) concepts: operational principles of WDM, passive optical star coupler, isolators, circulators, Active optical components: MEMS technology, variable optical attenuators, tunable optical filters, dynamic gain equalizers, polarization controller, chromatic dispersion compensators. Optical amplifiers: basic applications and types of optical amplifiers, Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA): amplification mechanism, architecture, power conversion efficiency and gain. Amplifier noise, optical SNR, system applications. Performance Measurement and monitoring: measurement standards, basic test equipment, optical power measurements, optical fiber characterization, eye diagram tests, optical time-domain reflectometer, optical performance monitoring. References:

1. G. Keiser: Optical Fiber Communications, 4th Edition, TMH New Delhi. 2. J. M. Senior: Optical Fiber Communication- Principles and Practices, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education. 3. G. P. Agarwal: Fiber Optic Communication Systems, 3rd Edition, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 4. J. C. Palais: Fiber Optics Communications,5th Edition, Pearson Education. 5. R.P. Khare: Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics, Oxford University Press. 6. A. Ghatak and K. Thyagrajan: Fiber Optics and Lasers, Macmillan India Ltd. 7. S. C. Gupta: Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, PHI Learning. 8. Sterling: Introduction to Fiber Optics, Cengage Learning.


List of Experiments: 1. Launching of light into the optical fiber and calculate the numerical aperture and V-number. 2. Observing Holograms and their study. 3. Optic version Mach-Zehnder interferometer. 4. Measurement of attenuation loss in an optical fiber. 5. Diffraction using gratings. 6. Construction of Michelson interferometer. 7. Setting up a fiber optic analog link and study of PAM. 8. Setting up a fiber optic digital link and study of TDM and Manchester coding. 9. Measurement of various misalignment losses in an optical fiber.



COURSE: EC-702 Antenna and Wave Propagation Category of course Course Title Course code Credit-6C Theory paper (ES)


Antenna and Wave Propagation

EC-702 L T P Max. Marks-100 Min. Marks: 35 Duration: 3 hrs. 3 1 2

Course Contents Unit I Introduction to antenna: antenna terminology, radiation, retarded potential, radiation field from current element, radiation resistance of short dipole and half wave dipole antenna, network theorems applied to antenna, self and mutual impedance of antenna, effect of earth on vertical pattern and image antenna. Unit II Antenna arrays: of point sources, two element array, end fire and broad side arrays, uniform linear arrays of n-elements, linear arrays with non-uniform amplitude distribution (binomial distribution and Chebyshev optimum distribution), arrays of two-driven half wave length elements (broad side and end fire case), principle of pattern multiplication. Unit III Types of antennas: Babinet’s principles and complementary antenna, horn antenna, parabolic reflector antenna, slot antenna,log periodic antenna, loop antenna, helical antenna, biconical antenna, folded dipole antenna, Yagi-Uda antenna, lens antenna, turnstile antenna. Long wire antenna: resonant and travelling wave antennas for different wave lengths, V-antenna, rhombic antenna, beverage antenna, microstrip antenna. Unit IV Antenna array synthesis: introduction, continuous sources, methods-Schelknoff polynomial method, Fourier transform method, Woodward- Lawson method, Taylor’s method, Laplace transform method, Dolph- Chebychev method, triangular, cosine and cosine squared amplitude distribution, line source, phase distribution, continuous aperture sources. Unit V Propagation of radio wave: structure of troposphere, stratosphere and ionosphere, modes of propagation, ground wave propagation, duct propagation. Sky wave propagation: Mechanism of Radio Wave Bending by Ionosphere, critical angle and critical frequency, virtual height, skip distance and LUF, MUF. Single hop and multiple hop transmission, influence of earths magnetic field on radio wave propagation, Fading Space Wave Propagation: LOS, effective earth’s radius, field strength of space or tropospheric propagation. References:

1. J. D. Krauss: Antennas;for all applications, TMH. 2. R. E. Collin, Antennas and Wave Propagation, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 3. C. A. Balanis: Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 4. Jordan and Balmain: Electromagnetic Fields and Radiating System, PHI. 5. A. R. Harish and M. Sachidananda: Antennas and wave propagation, Oxford University Press. 6. K. D. Prasad: Antennas and Wave Propagation, Satya Prakashan. 7. B. L. Smith: Mordern Anteenas, 2nd Edition, Springer, Macmillan India Ltd.

List of Experiments: Following illustrative practical should be simulated with the help of any RF simulation software e.g. FEKO / HFSS / IE3D / Microwave Office / Microwave Studio or any other similar software:-

1. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of an Omni Directional Antenna. 2. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Directional Antenna. 3. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Parabolic Reflector Antenna. 4. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Log Periodic Antenna. 5. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Patch Antenna. 6. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Dipole/ Folded Dipole Antenna. 7. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Yagi (3-EL/4EL) Antenna. 8. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Monopole/ WHIP/ Collinear Antenna. 9. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Broad site Antenna. 10. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Square Loop Antenna.


RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL PROGRAMME: Electronics & Communication Engineering

COURSE: EC-703 TV and Radar Engineering Category of course Course Title Course code Credit-6C Theory paper (ES)


TV and Radar Engineering


Course Contents Unit I Basic Television System Introduction: Scanning principles: sound and picture transmission, scanning process, camera pick-up devices, video signal, transmission and reception of video signals, brightness perception and photometric quantities, aspect ratio and rectangular scanning, persistence of vision and flicker, vertical resolution, the Kell factor, horizontal resolution and video bandwidth, interlaced scanning. Composite Video Signal: Lines and scanning, video signal components, horizontal sync and blanking standards, vertical sync and blanking standards, video modulation and vestigial side band signal, sound modulation and inter-carrier system. Television Standards: Standard channel characteristics, reception of the vestigial side band signals, television broadcast channel, consolidated CCIR system-B standard, various television broadcast systems. Television Pick-up devices and Cameras: Camera lenses, auto-focus systems, television camera pick-ups, Silicon Vidicon, CCD image sensors, video processing of camera pick-up signal. Unit II Colour Television Colour fundamentals: mixing of colours and colour perception, chromaticity diagram, colour television camera, colour TV signals and transmission, NTSC, SECAM and PAL system, Trinitron picture tube, automatic degaussing, plasma, LCD displays. Television transmission and reception: requirement of TV broadcast transmission, design principle of TV transmitters, IF modulation, power output stages, block diagram of TV transmitter, co-channel interference and ghost images during propagation of television signals, antenna requirements for television system, block schematic and function requirements for television receivers, trends in circuit design, colour television receiver. Unit III Digital Television Technology Merits of digital technology, fully digital television system, digital television signals, digitized video parameters, digital video hardware, transmission of digital TV signals, bit rate reduction, digital TV receivers, video processor unit, audio processor unit. Other television systems: Closed Circuit television system (CCTV), Cable television system (CATV), multiplexed analog component encoding television system (MAC TV), High definition television system (HDTV), High definition multiplexed analog component television (HD-MAC TV), High Performance Computer Controlled TV (HPCC TV), 3-D stereoscopic television techniques.. Unit IV RADAR The Radar range equation, block diagram and operation, performance factors: prediction of range performance, minimum detectable signal, receiver noise, probability density functions, signal to noise ratios. Radar cross section of targets, transmitter power, pulse repetition frequency and range ambiguities, antenna parameters. The CW radar: the Doppler effect, FM-CW radar. The Moving Target Indicator (MTI) Radar: delay line cancellers. Unit V Radar Receivers The radar receiver, noise figure, mixers, low noise front ends, displays- type A and PPI representations, duplexer and receiver protectors. Other Radar systems: Synthetic aperture radar, HF over the horizon radar, Air Surveillance Radar (ASR), Bistatic radar. References:

1. M. Dhake: Television and Video Engineering, 2nd Edition,TMH, New Delhi. 2. M. I. Skolnik: Introduction to Radar Systems, TMH, New Delhi. 3. R. G. Gupta: Television Engineering and Video Systems, TMH, New Delhi. 4. R. R. Gulati: Monochrome and Colour Television, New Age International. 5. Grob and Herndon: Basic Television and Video Systems, McGraw Hill International. 6. P. Z. Peebles, Jr.: Radar Principles, Wiley India Pvt. LTD. 7. Edde: Radar- Principles, Technology Applications, Pearson Education.


List of Experiments: Section A: Television Engg.

1. (a) To Study the Circuit Description of RF Tuner Section. (b) To Study the RF Section by Measuring Voltages at Various Test Points. (c ) To Study the Fault Simulation and Step-by-Step Fault Finding Procedure for RF Section. 2. (a) To Study the Circuit Description of VIF Tuner Section.

(b) To Study the VIF Section by Measuring Voltages at Various Test Points. (c ) To Study the Fault Simulation and Step-by-Step Fault Finding Procedure for VIF Section.

3. (a) To Study the Circuit Description of Video and Chroma Section Tuner Section. (b) To Study the Video and Chroma Section by Measuring Voltages at Various Test Points (c ) To Study the Fault Simulation and Step-by-Step Fault Finding Procedure for Video and Chroma Section.

4. (a) To Observe the Horizontal Oscillator and Horizontal Output Section through Various Test Point. (b) To Study the Fault Simulation and Step-by-Step Fault Finding Procedure for Horizontal Oscillator and Horizontal Output Section.

5. (a) To Observe the Vertical Oscillator and Vertical Output Section through Various Test Point. (b) To Study the Fault Simulation and Step-by-Step Fault Finding Procedure for Vertical Oscillator and Vertical Output Section.

6. To Study the Fault Simulation and Step-by-Step Fault Finding Procedure for Sound Output Section. 7. To Study the Circuit Description of Audio and Video Section Tuner Section. 8. (a) To Study the System Control Section by Measuring Voltages at Various Test Points. (b) To Study the Fault Simulation and Step-by-Step Fault Finding Procedure for System Control Section.

Section B: RADAR

1. Study of Doppler Effect. 2. To Measure Speed of a fan and various Other Objects (Pendulum, Tuning Fork, Plate etc.) 3. To Simulate the Variable Speed of Moving Objects using Velocity Simulator.



COURSE: EC-7101 Wireless Communications Category of course Course Title Course code Credit-6C Theory paper (ES)

DCO(E)-I Wireless Communications


Course Contents Unit-I Introduction Applications and requirements of wireless services: history, types of services, requirements for the services, economic and social aspects. Technical challenges in wireless communications: multipath propagation, spectrum limitations, limited energy, user mobility, noise and interference-limited systems. Propagation mechanism: free space loss, reflection and transmission, diffraction, scattering by rough surfaces, waveguiding.

Unit-II Wireless Propagation channels Statistical description of the wireless channel: time invariant and variant two path models, small-scale fading with and without a dominant component, Doppler spectra, temporal dependence of fading, large scale fading. Wideband and directional channel characteristics: causes of delay dispersion, system theoretic description of wireless channels, WSSUS model, condensed parameters, ultrawideband channels, directional description. Unit-III Channel models: Narrowband, wideband and directional models, deterministic channel-modelling methods. Channel sounding: Introduction, time domain measurements, frequency domain analysis, modified measurement methods, directionally resolved measurements. Antennas: Introduction, antennas for mobile stations, antennas for base stations. Unit-IV Transceivers and signal processing: Structure of a wireless communication link: transceiver block structure, simplified models. Modulation formats, demodulator structure, error probability in AWGN channels, error probability in flat-fading channels, error probability in delay and frequency-dispersive fading channels. Unit V Diversity: Introduction, microdiversity, macrodiversity and simulcast, combination of signals, error probability in fading channels with diversity reception, transmit diversity. Equalizers: Introduction, linear equalizers, decision feedback equalizers, maximum likelihood sequence estimation (Viterbi detector), comparison of equalizer structures, fractional spaced equalizers, blind equalizers. References:

1. A. F. Molisch: Wireless Communications, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 2. Taub and Schilling: Principles of Communication Systems, TMH. 3. Upena Dalal: Wireless Communication, Oxford University Press. 4. T. G. Palanivelu and R. Nakkereeran : Wireless and Mobile Communication, PHI Learning. 5. P. M. Chidambara Nathan: Wireless Communication, PHI Learning.



COURSE: EC-7102 Digital Image Processing Category of course Course Title Course code Credit-6C Theory paper (ES)

DCO(E)-I Digital Image Processing

EC-7102 L T P Max. Marks-100 Min. Marks: 35 Duration: 3 hrs.

3 1 0

Course Contents Unit-I Digital Image Processing (DIP) Introduction, examples of fields that use DIP, fundamental Steps in DIP, components of an image processing System. Digital Image Fundamentals: elements of visual perception, image sensing and acquisition, image sampling and quantization, basic relationships between pixels. Unit-II Image Transforms Two-dimensional (2-D) impulse and its shifting properties, 2-D continuous Fourier Transform pair, 2-D sampling and sampling theorem, 2-D Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), properties of 2-D DFT. Other transforms and their properties: Cosine transform, Sine transform, Walsh transform, Hadamard transform, Haar transform, Slant transform, KL transform. Unit-III Image Enhancement Spatial domain methods: basic intensity transformation functions, fundamentals of spatial filtering, smoothing spatial filters (linear and non-linear), sharpening spatial filters (unsharp masking and highboost filters), combined spatial enhancement method. Frequency domain methods: basics of filtering in frequency domain, image smoothing filters (Butterworth and Guassian low pass filters), image sharpening filters (Butterworth and Guassian high pass filters), selective filtering. Unit-IV Image Restoration Image degradation/restoration, noise models, restoration by spatial filtering, noise reduction by frequency domain filtering, linear position invariant degradations, estimation of degradation function, inverse filtering, Wiener filtering, image reconstruction from projection. Unit-V Image Compression Fundamentals of data compression: basic compression methods: Huffman coding, Golomb coding, LZW coding, Run-Length coding, Symbol based coding. Digital Image Watermarking, Representation and Description- minimum perimeter polygons algorithm (MPP). References:

1. R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods: Digital Image Processing, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education. 2. A. K. Jain: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, PHI Learning. 3. S. Annadurai and R. Shanmugalakshmi: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education. 4. M. Sonka, V. Hlavac and R. Boyle: Digital Image Processing and Computer Vision: Cengage Learning. 5. B. Chanda and D. D. Majumder: Digital Image Processing and Analysis, PHI Learning. 6. S. Jayaraman, S. Esakkirajan and T. Veerakumar: Digital Image Processing, TMH.



COURSE: EC-7103 Industrial Electronics

Course Contents Unit I Rectifiers Uncontrolled, Half-Controlled and Fully Controlled Single-Phase and Three-Phase Rectifiers for Resistive and Resistive-Inductive Load, Use of Free-Wheel Diode, Dual Converter, Input and Output Performance Parameters, Heat Sink. Unit II AC Voltage Regulators and Cyclo-converters Principle of On-Off Control and Phase Control, Single-Phase Voltage Controller for Resistive and Resistive-Inductive Load, Sequence Control of AC Voltage Controller, Three-Phase Voltage Regulator. Principle of Cyclo-converter, Single-Phase to Single-Phase Step-up and Step-Down Cyclo-Converter, Three-Phase to Single-Phase and Three-Phase to Three-Phase Cyclo-Converter.

Unit III Inverters Single-Phase Bridge Inverter, Three-Phase Inverters-180o and 120o Conduction Mode, Voltage Control of Single-Phase Inverters- Single, Multiple, Sinusoidal, Modified Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation, Advanced Modulation Techniques- Trapezoidal, Staircase, Stepped, Harmonic Injection and Delta Modulation. Induction Motor AC Drives. Unit IV Chopper Principle of Step-Down and Step-Up Chopper, Converter Classification, Multi-Phase Chopper, Switching-Mode Regulators-Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost and Cuk Regulators, DC Drives. Unit V Residential and Industrial Application Space Heating and Air Conditioner, High Frequency Fluorescent Lighting, Electronic Timer, Battery Charger, Switch-Mode-Power-Supply (SMPS), Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), Static Switches, Induction Heating, Electric Welding, Introduction of HVDC and FACTs. References:

1. Mohan, Undeland and Robbins: Power Electronics, Wiley-India Edition. 2. M. H. Rashid: Power Electronics- Circuits, Devices and Applications, Pearson Education. 3. P. S. Bimbhra: Power Electronics, Khanna Publisher. 4. Alok Jain: Power Electronics and Its Application, Penram International. 5. Biswanath Paul: Industrial Electronics, PHI Learning. 6. T. E. Kissell : Industrial Electronics, PHI Learning.

Category of course Course Title Course code Credit-6C Theory paper (ES)

DCO(E)-I Industrial Electronics EC- 7103 L T P Max. Marks-100 Min. Marks: 35 Duration: 3 hrs. 3 1 0



COURSE: EC-7201 Satellite Communication Category of


DCO(E)-II Satellite communication EC-7201 L 3

T 1

P 0

Max. Marks-100Min. Marks: 35 Duration: 3 hrs.

Course Contents Unit-I Overview of satellite systems: Introduction, Frequency allocations for satellite systems. Orbits and launching methods: Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion, terms used for earth orbiting satellites, orbital elements, apogee and perigee heights, orbit perturbations, inclined orbits, local mean solar point and sun-synchronous orbits, standard time. Unit-II The Geostationary orbit: Introduction, antenna look angles, polar mount antenna, limits of visibility, near geostationary orbits, earth eclipse of satellite, sun transit outage, launching orbits. Polarization: antenna polarization, polarization of satellite signals, cross polarization discrimination. Depolarization: ionospheric, rain, ice. Unit-III The Space segment: introduction, power supply, attitude control, station keeping, thermal control, TT&C subsystem, transponders, antenna subsystem, Morelos and Satmex 5, Anik-satellites, Advanced Tiros-N spacecraft. The Earth segment: introduction, receive-only home TV systems, master antenna TV system, Community antenna TV system, transmit-receive earth station. Unit-IV The space link: Introduction, Equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIPR), transmission losses, the link power budget equation, system noise, carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N), the uplink, the downlink, effects of rain, combined uplink and downlink C/N ratio, intermodulation noise, inter-satellite links. Interference between satellite circuits. Unit-V Satellite services VSAT (very small aperture terminal) systems: overview, network architecture, access control protocols, basic techniques, VSAT earth station, calculation of link margins for a VSAT star network. Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) Television and radio: digital DBS TV, BDS TV system design and link budget, error control in digital DBS-TV, installation of DBS-TV antennas, satellite radio broadcasting. References:

1. D. Roddy: Satellite Communications, 4th Edition, TMH, New Delhi. 2. T. Pratt, C. Bostian and J. Allnut: Satellite Communications, 2nd Edition, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 3. W. L. Pritchard, H. G. Suyderhoud and R. A. Nelson: Satellite Communication Systems Engineering, 2nd Edition, Pearson

Education. 4. D.C. Agarwal: Satellite Communications, Khanna Publishers. 5. R. M. Gangliardi: Satellite Communications, CBS Publishers. 6. M. R. Chartrand: Satellite Communication, Cengage Learning. 7. Raja Rao: Fundamentals of Satellite communications, PHI Learning. 8. Monojit Mitra: Satellite Communication: PHI Learning.



COURSE: EC-7202 Neural Networks Category of course Course Title Course code Credit-6C Theory paper (ES)

DCO(E)-II Neural Networks EC-7202 L T P Max. Marks-100 Min. Marks: 35 Duration: 3 hrs. 3 1 0

Course Contents Unit-I Neural Network (NN) Introduction, benefits of neural network, models of a neuron, neural network as directed graph, network architectures, artificial intelligence and neural network. Learning processes: error correction learning, memory based learning, Hebbian learning, competitive learning, Boltzman learning, learning tasks, adaptation, statistical nature of learning process, statistical learning theory. Unit-II Perceptrons Single layer perceptrons: adaptive filtering problem, unconstrained optimization technique, linear least squares filter, least mean square algorithm (LMS), perceptron convergence theorem Multi layer perceptron: architecture, back propagation algorithm, generalization, approximations of functions, network pruning techniques. Unit-III Radial Basis Function (RBF) Networks Cover’s theorem on the separability of patterns, interpolation problem, supervised learning as an Ill-posed hypersurface reconstruction problem, regularization theory, regularization network, generalized radial basis function networks (RBF), estimation of the regularization parameter, approximation properties of RBF networks, comparison of RBF networks and multilayer perceptrons, Kernel regression and its relation to RBF networks, learning strategies. Unit-IV Information- Theoretic Models Entropy, maximum entropy principle, mutual information, Kullback-Leibler divergence, mutual information as an objective function to be optimized, maximum mutual information principle, infomax and redundancy reduction, spatially coherent and incoherent features, independent components analysis, maximum likelihood estimation, maximum entropy method. Unit V Dynamically Driven Recurrent Networks introduction, recurrent network architectures, state space model, non-linear autogressive with exogenous inputs model, computational power of recurrent networks, learning algorithms, back propagation through time, real time recurrent learning, Kalman filter, decoupled Kalman filter, vanishing gradients in recurrent networks, system identification, model reference adaptive control. References:

1. S. Haykin: Neural Networks- A Comprehensive Foundation, PHI Learning. 2. S. N. Sivanandam, S. Sumathi and S. N. Deepa: Introduction to Neural Networks using Matlab 6.0, TMH, New Delhi. 3. J. A Freeman and D. M. Skapura: Fundamentals of Neural Networks- algorithms, applications and programming techniques,

Pearson Education. 4. M. T. Hagan, H. B. Demuth and M. Beale: Neural Network Design, Cengage Learning. 5. J.A Anderson: An introduction ro Neural Networks, PHI Learning. 6. Satish Kumar: Neural Networks, TMH, New Delhi.



COURSE: EC-7203 Random Signal Theory Category of


DCO(E)-II Random Signal Theory EC-7203 L 3

T 1

P 0


Course Contents Unit-I Introduction: Random input signals, random disturbances, random system characteristics, random experiments and events. Random variables: Concept of random variable, distribution functions, density functions, mean values and moments, the Guassian random variable, density functions related to guassian- Rayleigh distribution, Maxwell distribution, Chi-square distribution, log normal distribution. Other distribution functions-uniform distribution, exponential distribution, delta distribution. Conditional probability distribution and density functions. Unit-II Several random variables: Two random variables, joint conditional probability, statistical independence, correlation between random variables, density function of the sum of two random variables, probability density function of a function of two random variables, the characteristic function. Elements of statistics: Sampling theory- the sample mean, the sample variance, sampling distributions and confidence interval, hypothesis testing, curve fitting and linear regression, correlation between two sets of data. Unit-III Random Processes: Continuous and discrete, deterministic and nondeterministic, stationary and nonstationary, ergodic and nonergodic. Correlation functions: Introduction, autocorrelation function of a binary process, properties of auto correlation functions, examples of autocorrelation functions, crosscorrelation functions, properties of crosscorrelation functions, examples and applications of crosscorrelation functions, correlation matrices for sampled functions. Unit-IV Spectral Density: Introduction, relation of spectral density to the fourier transform, properties of spectral density, spectral density and the complex frequency plane, mean square values from spectral density, relation of spectral density to the autocorrelation function, white noise, cross spectral density, examples and applications of spectral density, Unit-V Response of linear systems to random input: Analysis in the time domain, mean and mean square value of system output, autocorrelation function of system output, crosscorrelation between input and output, spectral density at the system output. Optimum linear systems: Criteria of optimality, restrictions on the optimum system, optimization by parameter adjustment, systems that maximize signal-to-noise ratio, systems that minimize mean square error. References:

1. G. R. Cooper and C. D. Mcgillem: Probabilistic Methods of Signal and System Analysis, Third Edition, Oxford University Press. 2. M. Lefebvre: Applied Probability and Statistics, Springer, Macmillan India Limited. 3. A. Papoulis, S. U. Pillai: Probability, Random Variable and Stochastic Processes, TMH.



COURSE: EC-704 Major Project (Planning and Literature Survey)

Category of course

Course Title Course code Credit-4C Practical Exam

DC-20 Major Project (Planning and Literature Survey)

EC-704 L 0

T 0

P 4

Nil

Course Contents The Major Project Work provides students an opportunity to do something on their own and under the supervision of a guide.

Each student shall work on an approved project, which should be selected from some real life problem as far as possible, which may

involve fabrication, design or investigation of a technical problem. The project work involves sufficient work so that students get

acquainted with different aspects of manufacturing, design or analysis. The student also have to keep in mind that in final semester they

would be required to implement whatever has been planned in the major project in this semester. It is possible that a work, which

involves greater efforts and time, may be taken up at this stage and finally completed in final semester, but partial completion report

should be submitted in this semester and also evaluated internally. At the end of semester, all students are required to submit a

synopsis.


RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

PROGRAMME: Electronics and Communication Engineering COURSE: EC-705 Industrial Training

Category of course

Course Title Course code Credit-4C Theory paper (ES)

DC-21 Industrial Training EC-705 L 0

T 0

P 0


Course Contents

Duration: 6 weeks after the VI semester in the summer break. Assessment in VII semester.

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION For the assessment of industrial training undertaken by the students, following components are considered with respective weightage.

(A) Term work In Industry Marks allotted

1. Attendance and General Discipline 05

2. Daily diary Maintenance 05

3. Initiative and Participative attitude during training 05

4. Assessment of training by Industrial Supervisor/s 15

Total 30

(B) Practical/Oral Examination (Viva-voce In Institution Marks allotted

1. Training Report 20

2. Seminar and cross questioning (defense) 30

Total 50

Marks of various components in industry should be awarded to the student, in consultation with the Training and Placement

Officer (TPO)/ Faculty of the institute, who must establish contact with the supervisor/ authorities of the organization where,

students have taken training, to award the marks for term work. During training, students will prepare a first draft of the training

report in consultation with the section incharge. After training they will prepare final draft with the help of the TPO/ faculty of the

institute. Then, they will present a seminar on their training and will face viva-voce on training in the institute.


RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL

PROGRAMME: Electronics & Communication Engineering COURSE: EC-801 Advanced Communication Systems

Category of course Course Title Course code Credit-6C Theory paper (ES) DC-22 Advanced

Communication Systems


Course Contents Unit-I Channel coding: Introduction, Block codes, Convolutional codes, Trellis-coded modulation, Turbo-codes, Low density parity check codes, coding for the fading channels. Speech coding: Introduction, the sound of speech, stochastic models for speech, quantization and coding, from speech transmission to acoustic telepresence. Unit-II Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Introduction, principle of OFDM, implementation of transceivers, frequency-selective channels, channel estimation, peak ro average power ratio, intercarrier interference, adaptive modulation and capacity, multiple access, multicarrier code division multiple access, single carrier modulation with frequency-domain equalization. Multiantenna system: smart antennas, multiple input multiple output systems. Unit-III Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Historical overview, system overview, the air interface, logical and physical channels, synchronization, coding, equalizer, circuit-switched data transmission, establishing a connection and handover, services and billing. Interim Standard 95 (IS-95) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA 2000) Historical overview, system overview, the air interface, coding, spreading and modulation, logical and physical channels, handover. Unit-IV Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) Historical overview, system overview, the air interface, logical and physical channels, speech coding, multiplexing and channel coding, spreading and modulation, physical-layer procedures. Statistics of Cellular systems Time delay spread, Noise figure, power limited and bandwidth-limited system, mobile and portable coverage, Ray-tracking and building-block approach, coding scheme and variable burst-error intervals, antenna down-tilt, lnter-modulation, mobile location, angle spread with antenna height and its application. Unit V New Concepts Channel capacity in a Rayleigh fading environment, real-time running average, link capacities versus call drops between GSM and CDMA, data transmission via cellular systems, multiuser detection for CDMA, spectrum and technology of a WLL system, wavelet representation. References:

1. A. F. Molisch: Wireless Communications, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 2. W. C. Y. Lee: Mobile Communications Engineering- theory and practices, TMH. 3. Upena Dalal: Wireless Communications, Oxford University Press. 4. Kamilo Feher: Wireless Digital Communications, PHI Learning. 5. Mullet: Introduction to Wireless Telecommunication Systems and Networks: Cengage Learning.

List of Experiments: Practical should be performed using Scilab/ Matlab simulation software based on the above contents some may be as follows:

1. Simulation of block codes, convolutional codes, parity check codes etc. 2. Simulation of transreceiver in OFDM and plotting of BER vs SNR graphs for coded and uncoded OFDM . 3. Simulation of transmission through a rayleigh fading channel.

Other practical may include study of: 1. Coding, multiplexing, interleaving, spreading, modulation and demodulation in uplink and downlink for GSM and CDMA. 2. Data transmission via cellular systems. 3. Smart antennas and MIMO systems.



COURSE: EC-802 CMOS Circuit Design Category of course Course Title Course

code Credit-4C Theory paper (ES)

DC-23 CMOS Circuit Design EC-802 L 3

T 1

P 2


Course Contents Unit I Single-Stage Amplifier: Basic Concepts, Common Source Stage, Source Follower, Common-Gate Stage, Cascode Stage. Frequency Response of Amplifiers: General Consideration, Common-Source Stage, Source Followers, Common-Gate Stage, Cascode Stage, Differential Pair. Unit II Differential Amplifier: Single-Ended and Differential Operation, Basic Differential Pair, Common-Mode Response, Differential Pair with MOS Loads, Gilbert Cell. Feedback Amplifier: General Consideration, Feedback Topologies, Effect of Loading, Effect of Feedback on Noise. Switched-Capacitor Circuits: General Consideration, Sampling Switches, Switched-Capacitor Amplifier, Switched-Capacitor Integrator, Switched-Capacitor Common-Mode Feedback. Unit III Oscillator: General Consideration, Ring Oscillator, Voltage Controlled Oscillator, Mathematical Model of VCOs. Phase-Locked Loops: Simple PLL, Charge-Pump PLLs, Nonideal Effects in PLLs, Delayed-Locked Loops. Unit IV Sequential Circuit Design: Introduction, Sequencing Static Circuit, Circuit Design of Latches and Flip-Flops, Static Sequencing Element Methodology. Array Subsystem: Introduction, SRAM, DRAM, Read-Only Memory, Serial Access Memories, Content-Addressable Memory, Programmable Logic Arrays. Unit V Datapath Subsystems: Introduction, Addition/Subtraction, One/Zero Detector, Comparators, Counters, Boolean Logic Operation, Coding, Shifters, Multiplication, Division, Parallel-Prefix Computations. References:

1. B. Razavi: Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, TMH Publication. 2. Weste, Harris and Banerjee: CMOS VLSI Design, Pearson Education 3. J. M. Rabaey, Digital Integrated Circuits, PHI Learning. 4. R. Jacob Baker: CMOS-Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation, Wiley. 5. A. A. Raj and T. Latha: VLSI Design, PHI Learning.

List of Experiments: Practicals should be performed using any Electronic Design Automation (EDA) - eg. Microwind / Cadence / Sylvaco / Tanner silicon HiPer / Xilinx ISE 9i or any similar software.

1. Design and simulation of: (a) Common source amplifier (b) Source follower amplifier (c) Common gate amplifier (d) Cascode amplifier.

2. Estimation of frequency response of: (a) Common source amplifier (b) Source follower amplifier. (c ) Common gate amplifier (d) Cascode amplifier.

3. Design and simulation of differential amplifier. 4. Design and simulation of feedback amplifier. 5. Design and simulation of oscillators: (a) Ring Oscillator (b) L-C Oscillator (c) Voltage controlled Oscillator. 6. Design and simulation of: (a) Adder (b) Subtractor (c) One/zero detector (d) Comparator (e) Counter (f) Multiplier (g) Divider.



COURSE: EC-803 Nanoelectronics Category of course Course Title Course code Credit-6C Theory paper (ES)

DC-24 Nanoelectronics EC-803 L T P Max. Marks-100 Min. Marks: 35 Duration: 3 hrs. 3 1 0

Course Contents Unit-I Introduction The ‘Top down’ and ‘Bottom up’ approach, Why Nanoelectronics?, Nanotechnology potential. Band structure and density of states at Nanoscale: energy bands, density of states at low dimensional structure. Electrical transport in Nanostructure: Electrical conduction in metals, insulator/ionic crystals and semiconductors. Conduction mechanism in bulk, thin film and low dimensional system. Introductory quantum mechanics for Nanoscience: size effect in smaller systems, quantum behavior of nanometric world. Unit-II Tunnel junction and application of tunneling: Tunneling through a potential barrier, potential energy profiles of material interfaces, applications of tunneling. Quantum wells, wires and dots: Semiconductor hetrostructure and quantum wells, quantum dots and nanoparticles. Unit-III Single electron transistor: Coulomb Blockade, single electron transistor, other SET and FET structures. Unit-IV Ballastic and spin transport: Classical and semi-classical transport, ballistic transport, carbon nanotubes and nanowires, transport of spin and spintronics. The era of new Nanostructures of carbon: Buck minsterfullerence, Nanodiomond, BN Nanotubes, Molecular Machine, Nanobiometrics. Unit V Fabrication technology: Top-down vs bottom-up technology. Lithographic process: Lithography, Nanolithography, split gate technology, self assembly, limitation of lithographic process. Non-lithographic techniques: Plasma arc discharge, sputtering, evaporation, chemical vapour deposition, pulsed laser deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, sol-gel technique, electrodeposition and other process. References:

1. G. W. Hanson: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics, Pearson Education. 2. K. K. Chattopadhyay and A. N. Banerjee: Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, PHI Learning. 3. Vlaadiniz U. Mitin: Introduction to Nanoelectronics, Cambridge University Press. 4. M. Dragman and D. Dragman: Nanoelectronics- Principles and devices, Artech House. 5. Karl Goser: Nanoelectronics and Nanosystems, Springer. 6. Daniel Minoli: Nanotechnology application to telecommunication and networking, Wiley Interscience. 7. John H. Davis: Physics of low dimension semiconductor, Cambridge Press. 8. Carl C. Cosh: Nanostructure materials processing property and applications, Noyes Publications.



COURSE: EC-8101 Advanced Data Networks Category of course Course Title Course code Credit-6C Theory paper (ES)

DCO(E)-III Advanced Data Networks


Course Contents Unit-I Principles of Wireless Networks Network Planning: Introduction, wireless network topologies, cellular topology. Wireless network operation: introduction, mobility management, radio resources and power management, security in wireless networks

Unit-II Mobile Data Networks Introduction, the data-oriented CDPD network, GPRS and higher data rates, short messaging services in GSM, mobile application protocols. Wireless LANs (WLAN) Introduction, historical overview of the LAN industry, evolution of the WLAN industry, new interest from military and service providers, a new explosion of market and technology, wireless home networking. Unit-III IEEE 802.11 WLANs Introduction, what is IEEE 802.11? The PHY layer, MAC sublayer, MAC management sublayer. HIPERLAN What is HIPERLAN? HIPERLAN-2 Wireless Geolocation Systems Introduction, what is Wireless Geolocation? Wireless geolocation system architecture, technologies for wireless geolocation, geolocation standards for E-911 services, performance measures for geolocation systems. Unit-IV Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Introduction, what is IEEE 802.15 WPAN? What is HomeRF? What is Bluetooth? Interference between Bluetooth and 802.11.

Satellite Networks Satellite navigation and global positioning system: Introduction, radio and satellite navigation, GPS position location principles, GPS time, GPS receivers and codes, the C/A code, Satellite signal acquisition, GPS signal levels, timing accuracy, GPS receiver operation, GPS C/A code accuracy, differential GPS. Unit-V Optical Networks Network Concepts: terminology, categories, layers. Network topologies: performance of passive linear buses, performance of star architectures. SONET/SDH : transmission formats and speeds, optical interfaces, SONET/SDH rings, SONET/SDH networks. High speed light-wave links: links operating at 10, 40 and 160 Gbps. Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM): OADM configurations, reconfigurable OADM. Optical switching: optical cross-connect, wavelength conversion, wavelength routing, optical packet switching, optical burst switching. WDM network examples: wideband long-haul WDM networks, narrowband metro WDM networks, passive optical network. Mitigation of transmission impairments: chromatic dispersion compensating fiber, bragg grating dispersion compensators, polarization-mode dispersion compensation, optical amplifier gain transients. References:

1. K. Pahlavan and P. Krishnamurthy: Principles of Wireless Networks, PHI Learning. 2. G. Keiser: Optical Fiber Communications, 4th Edition, TMH New Delhi. 3. T. Pratt, C. Bostian and J. Allnut: Satellite Communications, 2nd Edition, Wiley Indian Pvt. Ltd. 4. Upena Dalal: Wireless Communications, Oxford University Press.



COURSE: EC-8102 Microwave Circuits Category of

course Course Title Course


DCO(E)-III Microwave Circuits EC-8102 L T P Max. Marks-100 Min. Marks: 35 Duration: 3 hrs. 3 1 0

Course Contents Unit I Transmission lines: Impedance matching and transformation Plane Electromagnetic waves, Transmission Lines: Line Equations and analysis, Smith Chart, Impedance Matching and transformation single stub, double stub matching ,triple –stub tuner, impedance mismatch factor, quarter wave transformer, theory of small reflections, binomial and Chebyshev transformer, tapered transmission lines, triangular, exponential and Klopfenstein taper. Unit II Field analysis of transmission lines: Analysis of general transmission line and terminated transmission line circuits, Planar Transmission lines, Microstrip lines. Strip lines: Characteristic Impedance, conductor losses, Dielectric losses, Radiation Losses, Higher order modes and dispersion, Microstrip attenuation ,high frequency properties , suspended and inverted microstrip lines, coplanar lines, slot lines, Fin-lines, Coupled Lines. Substrates for microwave printed circuits Unit III Microwave (solid state) Amplifiers: BJT and FET, Power gains: definitions, Stability: stability circles, tests for unconditional stability, Constant Power Gain Circles, Constant Mismatch Circles, Single stage and multi stage transistor Amplifier design, Broadband transistor Amplifier Design, Power amplifiers. Basic Noise theory, Low noise amplifier designs, Microwave amplifier designs using Sij parameters. Unit IV Microwave oscillators and mixers: RF oscillators, Microwave oscillators, Oscillators Phase Noise, Frequency Multipliers, Gunn oscillators and circuits, Transistor oscillators, Oscillator circuits and design. Mixers: Mixer characteristics, linear and non-linear mixer operation, Mixer noise figure, Balanced mixers, Single ended diode mixer, single ended FET mixer, image reject mixers, other mixers, Mixer analysis using Harmonic Balancing. Unit V Microwave Filters: Periodic structures: analysis, Filter design : image parameter and insertion loss method. specification of power loss ratio, Filter transformations, Filter Implementations, Stepped-Impedance low –pass filters, coupled line filters, Filters using coupled resonators, Impedance and Admittance inverters, micro strip half-wave filter, Quarter –wave coupled cavity filters, direct –coupled cavity filters, Low-Pass filter designs, Frequency transformations and expansions, Narrowband and wideband microwave filters.

References:

1. R. E. Collin: Foundations for Microwave Engineering, 2nd Edition, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 2. D. M. Pozar: Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 3. P. A. Rizzi: Microwave Engineering- Passive Circuits.



COURSE: EC- 8103 Principles of Management & Managerial Economics Category of course Course Title Course


HS-3

Principles of Management & Managerial Economics


Course Contents Unit I Management Concept: Management, Administration and Organization Difference and Relationship between Organization Management and Administration. Importance of Management, Characteristics of Management. Unit II Management: Scientific Management, Principles of Management, Process of Management, Functions of Management, Levels of Management, Project Management. Unit III Decision Making: Introduction and Definition, Types of Decisions, Techniques of Decision Making, Decision making under certainty Decision making under uncertainty, Decision Making under risk. Unit IV Managerial Economics: Introduction, Factors Influencing Manager, Micro and Macro-economics, Theory of the Cost, Theory of the Firm, Theory of Production Function. Unit V Productivity: Input-Output Analysis, Micro-economics Applied to Plants and Industrial Undertakings, Production and Production system, Productivity, Factors affecting Productivity, Increasing Productivity of Resources. References:

1. Peter Drucker, Harper and Row: The Practice of Management. 2. Koontz: Essentials of Management, PHI Learning. 3. Staner: Management, PHI Learning. 4. Daft: Principles of Management, Cengage Learning. 5. T. N. Chhabra: Principle and Practice of Management, Dhanpat Rai, New Delhi. 6. Hirschey: Managerial Economics, Cengage Learning. 7. T. R. Banga and S.C. Sharma: Industrial Organisation and Engineering Economics, Khanna Publishers. 8. O.P. Khanna: Industrial Engineering and Management, Dhanpat Rai. 9. Joel Dean: Managerial Economics, PHI learning. 10. V. L. Mote, Samuel Paul and G.S. Gupta: Managerial Economics Concepts & Cases, TMH, New Delhi. 11. V. L. Mote: Managerial Economics, TMH, New Delhi.



COURSE: EC-804 Major Project

Category of course

Course Title Course code Credit-4C Practical Exam

DC-25 Major Project EC-804 L 0

T 0

P 4


Course Contents

The student should prepare a working system or some design or understanding of a complex system that he has selected in

the seventh semester using system analysis tools and submit the same in the form of a write-up i.e. detail project report. The student

should maintain proper documentation of different stages of project such as need analysis, market analysis, concept evaluation,

requirement specification, objectives, work plan, analysis, design, implementation and test plan wherever applicable. Each student is

required to prepare a project report based on the above points and present the same at the final examination with a demonstration of

the working system.

ec 7 & 8 sem

Documents