scheme-26syllebus 7-268 sem ec

8/4/2019 Scheme-26syllebus 7-268 Sem Ec

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M. S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)

SCHEME OF TEACHING FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2010 2011

VII SEMESTER B. E. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SI.No.

SubjectCode

Subject Teaching Dept Credits*L T P

1. EC701 Management andEntrepreneurship

Electronics and CommunicationEngineering

2 0 0

2. EC702 ComputerCommunication Networks


3 1 0

3. EC703 Antennas andPropagation


4 0 1

4. EC704 Project Work I Electronics and CommunicationEngineering

0 0 6

5. ECPExx Professional Elective IV Electronics and Communication

Engineering

x x x

6. xx Open Elective II Other Departments x x x Total 9+x 1+x 7+x

*L: Lecture T: Tutorial P: Practical

VIII SEMESTER B. E. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SI.No.

SubjectCode

Subject Teaching DeptCredits*

L T P Tota1. EC801 IPR Electronics and Communication

Engineering3 0 0 3

2. EC802 Project Work II Electronics and CommunicationEngineering

0 0 14 14

3. ECPExx Professional Elective V Electronics and CommunicationEngineering

x x x 4

4. xx Open Elective III Other Departments x x x 3Total 3+x x 14+x 24

*L: Lecture T: Tutorial P: Practical


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LIST OF ELECTIVES:The student has to earn a maximum of 20 credits as professional (departmental) electives.

The student has to earn a maximum of 09 credits as open electives.

SubjectCode

Subject Title L T P C

ECPE01 Power Electronics PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE02 Modeling and Synthesis using VHDL PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE03 Digital Electronic Measurements PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE04 Adaptive Signal Processing PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE05 Speech Processing PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE06 Wavelet Transforms PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE07 Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE08 Information Theory and Coding PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE09 Communication Switching Systems PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE10 Micro and Smart Systems Technology PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE11 PIC Microcontrollers PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE12 Global Positioning Systems (GPS) PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE13 Real Time Operating Systems PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE14 Image Processing PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE15 Fiber Optics Communication PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE16 Data Compression PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE17 Embedded System Design and Software PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE18 Spread Spectrum Communication PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE19 Wireless Communications PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE20 ARM Processor PS-E 3 0 1 4

ECPE21 Low Power VLSI Design PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE22 Satellite Communication PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE23 Cryptography and Network Security PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE24 High Performance Communication Networks PS-E 3 1 0 4

ECPE25 RF ICs PS-E 3 1 0 4


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MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIPSubject Code: EC701 Credits:2:0:0

Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT I

Management: Introduction, meaning-nature and characteristics of management, scope and functionalareas of management management as a science, art or profession management and administration,

Roles of management, Levels of management, Development of management thought earlymanagement approaches-Modern management approaches.

Planning: Nature, importance and purpose of planning process objectives types of plans (meaningonly) design making, importance of planning, steps in planning and planning premises, hierarchy of

plans.

UNIT II

Organizing and staffing: Nature and purpose of organization, Principles of organization, Types oforganization, departmentation, committees, Centralization v/s Decentralization of authority and

responsibility, span and control, MBO and MBE (meaning), Nature and importance of staffing,

process of selection and recruitment (in brief).

UNIT III

Directing and controlling: Meaning and nature of directing, leadership styles, motivation theories,

communication, meaning and importance coordination, meaning and importance and techniques ofco-ordination, Meaning and steps in controlling, Essentials of sound control system, Methods of

establishing control (in brief).

UNIT IV

Entrepreneur: Meaning of entrepreneur, Evolution of the concept, Functions of an entrepreneur,Types of Entrepreneur, Entrepreneur an emerging class, Concept of Entrepreneurship, Evolution of

Entrepreneurship, Development of Entrepreneurship, Stages in entrepreneurial process, Role ofentrepreneurs in Economic Development, Entrepreneurship in India, Entrepreneurship its barriers.

Small-scale industry: Definition, Characteristics, Need and rationale, Objectives, scope, role of SSI

in Economic Development, Advantages of SSI, Steps to start an SSI government policy towardsSSI, Different policies of SSI, government support for SSI during 5 years plan, Impact of


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Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization on SSI, Effect of WTO/GATT supporting agencies ofGovernment for SSI, meaning, Nature of support, Objectives, Functions, Types of help, Ancillary

Industry and Tiny Industry (Definition).

UNIT V

Institutional Support: Different Schemes, TECKSOK, KIADB, KSSIDC, KSIMC, DIC singlewindow Agency, SISI, NSIC, SIDBI, KSFC.

Preparation of project: Meaning of project, Project Identification, Project selection, Project report,

Need and significance of report, contents, formulation, Guidelines by Planning Commission forproject report, Network Analysis, Errors of Project Report, Project Appraisal, Identification of

business opportunities, Market Feasibility Study, Technical Feasibility study, Financial FeasibilityStudy and Social Feasibility Study.

Text books:

1. P. C. Tripathi, P. N. Reddy, Principles of Management, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

2. Vasant Desai, Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development Management, HimalayaPublishing House, 2010.

COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Subject Code: EC702 Credits: 3:1:0Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT I

Network Models: Layered tasks, OSI Model, Layers in OSI model, TCP/IP Suite, Addressing,

Telephone and cable networks for data transmission, Telephone networks, Dial up modem, DSL,Cable TV networks, Cable TV for data transfer.

UNIT II

Data Link Control: Framing, Flow and error control, Protocols, Noiseless channels and noisy

channels, HDLC, Point-to-Point Protocol

UNIT III

Multiple Accesses: Random access, Controlled access, Channelisation.

UNIT IV

Wired and Wireless LAN: Ethernet, IEEE standards, Standard Ethernet, Changes in the standards,Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth


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Connecting LANs: Backbone and Virtual LANs, Connecting devices, Backbone Networks, VirtualLANs

UNIT V

Network Layer: Logical addressing, Ipv4 addresses, Ipv6 addresses, Ipv4, Ipv6, Transition from

Ipv4 to Ipv6.

Delivery, Forwarding, Unicast Routing Protocols, Multicast Routing protocols, Process to processdelivery, UDP, TCP, Domain name space, Resolution

Text book:

1. B. A. Forouzan, Data Communication and Networking, 4 th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.

References:

1. William Stallings, Computer Networking with Internet Protocols, Pearson Education, 2009.

2. James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Computer Networks, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition, 2003.3. Wayne Tomasi, Introduction to Data Communication and Networking, Pearson Education,

2007.

ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

Subject Code: EC703 Credits: 4:0:1Prerequisites: Electromagnetics

UNIT I

Antenna Basics: Introduction, basic antenna parameters, patterns, beam area, radiation intensity,

beam efficiency, diversity and gain, antenna apertures, effective height, bandwidth, radiationefficiency, antenna temperature and antenna field zones.

UNIT II

Point Sources and Arrays: Introduction, point sources, power patterns, power theorem, radiation

intensity, field patterns, phase patterns, array of two isotropic point sources, non-isotropic sources,principles of pattern multiplication, examples of pattern synthesis by pattern multiplication, isotropic

point sources, board side, end fire array and Hasen and Woodyard array, array with unequal power.

UNIT III

Electric Dipoles and Thin Linear Antennas: Introduction, short electric dipole, fields of a shortdipole, radiation resistance of short dipole, field patterns of dipole in general, /2 dipole, radiation

resistances of /2 Antenna, thin linear antenna, micro strip arrays, long wire antenna, folded dipoleantennas.


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Small loop, comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole, far field patterns of small circularloop, radiation resistance, directivity, Helical Antenna, fields for small helix.

UNIT IV

Antenna Types: Yagi-Uda array, parabolic reflectors, log periodic antenna, lens antenna, turnstile

antenna, Babinets principle and complementary antennas, slot antennas, horn antennas, rectangularhorn antennas.

Microstrip Antennas: Salient features, Advantages and limitations, Rectangular microstrip atennas,Feed methods, Characteristics of microstrip antennas, computer aided design model.

UNIT V

Radio Wave Propagation: Introduction, Ground wave propagation, free space propagation, ground

reflection, surface wave, diffraction.

Troposcopic scatter, Ionosphere propagation, electrical properties of the ionosphere, expressions forconductivity and relative permittivity, effects of earths magnetic field.

LABORATORY

1. V-I Characteristics of Gunn Diode2. Radiation pattern of a Dipole Antenna using microstrip bench. Estimation of beam width and

directivity

3. Measurement ofg, c, o, VSWR and frequency using Gunn Diode source4. Radiation pattern of a Horn Antenna using microwave bench. Estimation of beam width and

directivity5. Determination of Attenuation loss and Bending loss using Fiber optics trainer kit

6. Measurement of Antenna Impedance using slotted line carriage7. Hybrid Microstrip power divider8. Microwave resonator9. To measure parameters of branch directional coupler, Line directional coupler10.To determine Isolation, Power division between E/H arms using wave-guide Magic Tee

Textbooks:

1. John D Kraus, Antennas and Wave Propagation, Special Indian Edition, McGraw Hill,2010.

References:

1. John D Kraus, Antennas, Mc Graw Hill, 2nd edition, 1988.2. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition, Wiley India, 2007.3. Lamont V. Blake, Antennas: Fundamentals, Design, Measurement, Scitech Publishing,

2009.


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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Subject Code: EC801 Credits:3:0:0

Prerequisites: NilUNIT I

Basic principles of IPR laws: History of IPR GATT,WTO,WIPO and TRIPs, Role of IPR in

Research & Development and Knowledge era, Concept of property, Marxs theory of property,Constitutional Aspects of Intellectual property, Different forms of IPR copyright, trade mark,

Industrial Designs, Layout designs of Integrated circuits, Patents, Geographical Indications,Traditional Knowledge, Plant varieties, Trade secrets

UNIT II

Understanding Copyright Law: Evolution of copy right law in India, Justifications, Subject matter

of copyright, Terms of protections, Concepts-originality/Novelty idea expression, Fixation & fairUse, Copyrights in software protection, Infringement of copyright and acquisition in Indian context,

Case studiesTrademark: Introduction, Justification, Concepts of subject matter acquisition, Implication and

benefits of registration terms of protection of Geographical indication of goods, infringements oftrade marks, Case studies

UNIT III

Patent: Basic principles of patent laws, Historical background, Basis for IP protection, Criteria for

patentability, Novelty, Utility and Inventive step, Non obviousness, Non Patentable inventions.

Searching: Prior art, tangible vs intangible prior art, search strategy, pre-grant and post-grantoppositions, grant or refusal of patents, infringement and prosecution in India, US and other

countries, request for reexamination and revocation, terms of patents and patent renewal, Cost ofgetting and maintaining patens in India, US and other countries, Importance of patent search in

research.

UNIT IV

Patent application procedure and drafting: Patent Drafting, Format, Provisional and Completespecifications, Scopes of inventions, description of invention, drawings, claims.

Filing requirements: Forms to be sent, Comparison of Patentability in different countries, filing

mechanism through individual patent office, PCT route and claiming priority from either route.

UNIT V


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Industrial Designs: Introduction, Justification, Subject matter of design law definition, Excludedsubject matter law relating to industrial design and registration in India, Infringement of design rights.

Semiconductor and IC Layout Designs: Semiconductor topography design rights, Infringement,

Case studies.

Textbooks:

1. P. Ganguli, Intellectual Property Rights, TMH, 2001.2. Dr. B. L. Wadhera, Intellectual Property Law Handbook, Universal Law Publishing, 2002.3. Thomas T. Gordon, Arthur S. Cookfair, Patent Fundamentals for Scientists and Engineers,

CRC Press, 1995.

4. T. Ramakrishna, Course Material for 1 year P. G Diploma in IPR, NLSIU, Bangalore.

References:

1. P. Narayan, Intellectual Property Law, 3rd Edition, Eastern Law House, 2001.

2. D. Baingridge, Intellectual Property, 5th Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.3. World Intellectual Property Organization Handbook/Notes


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MICRO AND SMART SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY

Subject Code: ECPE10 Credits: 3:1:0Prerequisites: Solid state devices

UNIT I

Introduction: Introduction to micro systems, smart materials, structures and systems. Micro and

smart devices and systems: Transduction Principles electrostatic sensing and actuation, thermalsensing and actuation, piezo resistive sensor, piezoelectric sensing and actuation and magnetic

actuation, Scaling effects

UNIT II

Micro Fabrication and Micro Manufacturing: Introduction, fabrication processes, thin filmdeposition, lithography, etching, Si micro machining, surface and bulk micromachining, thick film

processing and specialized materials

UNIT III

Modeling: Mechanical concepts stress and strain, Flexural beam bending analysis under simpleloading conditions, analysis of beams under simple loading, torsional deflections, residual stresses

and stress gradient, Resonant frequency and quality factor, introduction to coupled domain concepts

UNIT IV

Electronics, Control, Integration, Packaging and CAD Tools for Smart and Micro Systems:Semiconductor devices, electronic amplifiers, signal conditioning, control theory for smart systems,

integration and packaging, CAD Tools Intellisuite Comsol and MATLAB based simulations ofMEMS devices

UNIT V

Applications: Case studies silicon capacitive accelerometer, piezo-resistive pressure sensor, blood

analyzer, conductometric gas sensor, silicon micro-mirror arrays, piezo-electric based inkjet printhead, electrostatic comb-drive and magnetic micro relay, portable clinical analyzer, active noise

control in a helicopter cabin.

Laboratory Demonstrations:

BEL pressure sensor

Active vibration Control CAD tools (Comsol and Intellisuite)

Text book:

1. G. K. Ananthasuresh, K. J. Vinoy, S. Gopalakrishnan, K. N. Bhat, V. K. Aatre, Micro andSmart Systems, Wiley India, 2010.


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References:

1. T. R. Hsu, MEMS and Microsystems Design and Manufacturing, Tata McGraw Hill, 2ndEdition, 2008.

2. Chang Liu, Foundations of MEMS, Pearson International Edition, 2006.3. S. D. Senturia, Micro System Design, Springer International Edition, 2001.

PIC MICROCONTROLLER

Subject Code: ECPE11 Credits: 3:0:1Prerequisites: Microcontrollers

UNIT I

Introduction to Micro Controllers: CISC AND RISC Processors, Harvard and Von Neumann

Architectures, PIC 16F877 Architecture, Features, Pinout Description, Memory Organization,Register File Map, Special Function Registers

UNIT II

PIC 16F877 Instruction Set : General Format for Instructions, Addressing modes, Assembly

Language Programs, PIC Hardware and Software Development tools

UNIT III

I/O Ports: I/O Ports A, B, C, D, and E, Parallel Slave Port, Data EEPROM and Flash ProgramMemory, Interrupts

UNIT IV

PIC 16F877 on chip Peripherals: Timer units, TMR0 Module, TMR1 Module, TMR2 Module,

Capture/Compare/PWM Modules

UNIT V

Serial Communication Modules: Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP), SPI Mode, Master andSlave modes, USART, ADC Module, Special Features of the CPU, Configuration Word, Oscillator

Configurations, Reset

Text book:

1. PIC Microcontroller 16F877 Data Book - Microchip, The Embedded Control SolutionsCompany

References :


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1. PIC Micro Mid Range MCU Family Reference Manual (PIC 16F877) Microchip, TheEmbedded Control Solutions Company

2. Barnett Cox, Cull, Embedded C Programming and the Microchip PIC, ThomsonPublications, 2004.

IMAGE PROCESSING

Subject Code: ECPE14 Credits: 3:0:1

Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing

UNIT I

Introduction and Fundamentals: What is Digital Image Processing?, Origins, Examples,Fundamental Steps, Components, Elements of visual perception, Image sensing and acquisition,

Image sampling and quantization, Basic relationship between pixels, Mathematical tools used inimage processing

UNIT II

Intensity Transformations and Spatial Filtering: Basic intensity transformation functions,

Histogram processing, Spatial filtering, Smoothing spatial filters, Sharpening spatial filters, Fuzzytechniques

Filtering in Frequency Domain: Filtering in frequency domain, Image smoothing, Image

Sharpening, Selective filtering

UNIT III

Image Restoration: Model of image degradation/restoration process, noise models, Spatial filtering,Periodic noise reduction, Linear Position Invariant degradation, Estimating the degradation function,

Inverse filtering, MMSE filtering, Constrained least squares filtering, Geometric mean filter.

Image Reconstruction: Image reconstruction from projections

UNIT IV

Image Compression: Fundamentals, Basic compression methods Huffman, Golomb, Arithmetic,

LZW, Run-Length, Symbol, Bit plane, Block transform, Predictive, Wavelet coding

Video Processing: Introduction, Spatio-temporal sampling, Interframe and Intraframe coding,

Motion Estimation techniques, Regularization theory, Optical computation, Stereo Vision,Structure

from motion, motion tracking using Kalman filter and condensation filter, density propagation

Video Compression Standards: H. 261, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, H. 263, H. 264, MPEG-4, MPEG-7,

MPEG-21


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UNIT V

Computer/Machine Vision: Image Formation Models: Monocular imaging system, Binocular

imaging systems , Multi-view geometry - Orthographic and Perspective Projection, Camera modeland Camera calibration, Image rectification, Image Feature Extraction: Edge detection, image

filtering such as Gaussian/LoG, Texture descriptors and classification, Shape Representation andSegmentation: Deformable curves and surfaces, Snakes and active contours, Level set

representations, Fourier and wavelet descriptors, Multi-resolution analysis, Histogram of gradients,Object recognition: Hough transforms, Covariance, Principal component analysis, Independent

component analysis, Shape priors for recognition, Face/Finger-print recognition, Characterrecognition

Text books:

1. R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education,2009.

2. E. Trucco, A. Verri, Introductory Techniques for 3D Computer Vision, Prentice Hall, 1998.

References:

1. R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, S. L. Eddins, Digital Image Processing using MATLAB, 2ndEdition, Gatesmark Publishing, 2009.

2. M. Sonka, V. Hlavac, R. Boyle, Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision, 3rdEdition, CL Engineering, March 2007.

3. S. Jayaraman, S. Esakkirajan, T. Veerakumar, Digital Image Processing, Tata McGraw Hill,2009.

4. M. Ghanbari, Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding, IEE, 2003.

FIBER OPTICS COMMUNICATION


Prerequisites: Communication

UNIT I

Overview of Fiber Optic Communication: Introduction, Historical Developments, General System,Key elements of Optical Fiber Systems, Advantages and Disadvantages of Optical Fiber

Communication.

Optical Fibers: Ray Theory Transmission, Fiber Types, Single Mode Fiber, Cut-off Wavelength,Fiber materials, Photonic Crystal Fibers.

UNIT II


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Signal Degradation in Optical Fibers: Introduction, Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering andBending losses, Core and Cladding losses, Signal Distortion in Fibers, Dispersion, Inter-modal

dispersion, Intra-modal dispersion.

UNIT III

Optical Sources: Introduction, LEDs, LED structure, Quantum efficiency and LED Power, LASERdiodes, Laser diode modes and Threshold Conditions, LASER Diode Rate Equations, Resonant

Frequencies.

Photodetectors: PIN Photodetector, Avalanche photodiodes, Response Time.

UNIT IV

Optical Receiver Operation: Introduction, Optical Receiver Operation, Error Sources, DigitalReceiver Performance, Quantum limit, Eye Diagrams, Coherent Detection, Homodyne and

Heterodyne detection Schemes.

UNIT V

Analog Links: Introduction, Overview of analog links, CNR, multi- channel transmission techniques

Digital Links: Introduction, point to point links, Link Power Budget, Rise Time Budget, Modalnoise.

Text books:

1. Gerd Keiser, Optical Fiber Communication, 4th Edition, TMH, 2008.2. John M Senior, Optical Fiber Communication, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2007.

DATA COMPRESSION

Subject Code: ECPE16 Credits: 3:1:0Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT I

Lossless Compression: Huffman coding, Adaptive Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding, Comparison

of Huffman coding, Dictionary techniques

UNIT II

Lossy Compression: Scalar quantization Uniform quantizer, Vector quantization Advantages,LBG algorithm, Differential coding Basic algorithm, Prediction in DPCM, Delta Modulation,

Transform coding Transform, Transforms of interest, Quantization and coding of transformcoefficients


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UNIT III

Image Compression Standards: JPEG, Embedded Zerotree Coder, SPIHT, JPEG 2000, JPEG-LS,JBIG, JBIG2

UNIT IV

Basic Video Compression Techniques and MPEG Video Coding: Motion Compensation, Search

for Motion Vectors, H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, H.264

UNIT V

Audio Compression: ADPCM in Speech coding, G.726 ADPCM, Vocoders

MPEG Audio Compression: Psychoacoustics, MPEG Audio

Text books:

1. Khalid Sayood, Introduction to Data Compression, 3rd Edition, Morgan KaufmannPublishers, 2006.

2. Ze-Nian Li, Mark S. Drew, Fundamentals of Multimedia, Pearson Education, 2004.

References:

1. David Saloman, Data Compression: The Complete Reference, 4th Edition, 2007.2. M. Ghanbari, Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding, IEE, 2003.3. Iain E. G. Richardson, H. 264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression, John Wiley, 2003.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN AND SOFTWARE

Subject Code: ECPE17 Credits:

3:0:1Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT I

Introduction: Embedded Systems Overview, Design Challenge-Optimizing Design Metrics,

Processor Technology, IC Technology, Design Technology, Tradeoffs.

Custom Single-Purpose Processors Hardware: Custom Single-purpose Processor Design,Optimizing Custom Single-Purpose Processors.

UNIT II


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General-Purpose Processors Software: Basic Architecture, Operation, Programmers View,Development Environment, Application-Specific Instruction-Set Processors (ASIPs), Selecting a

Microprocessor, General Purpose Processor Design.

UNIT III

Standard Single-Purpose Processors Peripherals: Timers, Counters, and Watchdog Timers,UART, Pulse Width Modulators, LCD Controllers, Keypad Controllers, Stepper Motor Controllers,

Analog-to-Digital Converters, Real-Time Clocks.

Memory: Memory Write Ability and Storage Permanence, Common Memory Types, ComposingMemory, Memory Hierarchy and Cache, Advanced RAM.

UNIT IV

Embedded software Interrupts: Interrupt Basics, The Shared-Data Problem, Interrupt Latency.

Survey of Software Architectures: Round-Robin, Round-Robin with Interrupts, Function-Queue-

Scheduling Architecture, Real-Time Operating System Architecture, Selecting an architecture.

UNIT V

Introduction to RTOS: Tasks and Task States, Tasks and Data, Re-entrancy, Semaphores andShared Data, Semaphore Problems: Priority Inversion, Deadly Embrace Encapsulating Semaphores,

RTOS and ISR, Saving Memory Space, Saving Power.

Text books:

1. Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, Embedded System Design A Unified Hardware/Software

Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.2. David E. Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson Education, 1999.

SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION


Prerequisites: Digital Communication

UNIT I

Basic Digital Communication Concepts: Basic digital communication system, Digital ModulationSystems ASK, FSK, PSK, Non Coherent Systems, Error Probability DSPK

Signal detection Correlator receiver, Matched filter receiver, M-ary Phase shift keying, QPSK,

MSK, Comparison Bandwidth efficiency, power efficiency.

UNIT II


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Introduction to Spread Spectrum System: Introduction, Direct Sequence Spread spectrum, BPSK

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, QPSK-Direct Spread Spectrum System, Frequency hop SpreadSpectrum, Coherent slow frequency hop Spread Spectrum, Non-coherent slow frequency hop Spread

Spectrum, Hybrid Direct sequence/frequency hop Spread Spectrum

UNIT III

Binary Shift Register Sequences for Spread Spectrum System: Introduction, Sequencegenerator fundamentals, Maximal length sequences properties, power spectrum, Polynomials

yielding m-sequences, security of maximal length sequences, Gold codes, Nonlinear code generators.

UNIT IV

Performance of Spread Spectrum Systems in a Jamming Environment: Introduction, SpreadSpectrum Communication System Model, Performance of spread spectrum systems with Forward

Error Correction, Elementary block coding concepts, Optimum decoding rule, Convolutional codingconcepts, Viterbi algorithm, Requirement for diversity in Fading channels, Diversity approaches

Diversity Combining methods, Rake receiver.

UNIT V

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA): Cellular Radio Concept, Fundamentals of cellular radiosystem, Co-channel interference protection prediction, Cellular concept, CDMA Digital Cellular

Systems, General aspects, Special aspects, Examples of CDMA Digital Cellular Systems, NorthAmerican DS CDMA, Cooper and Neuletor DPSK FHMA, Bell lab Multilevel FSK frequency

hop system, GSM SFH Digital cellular, 3G and other CDMA Standards.

Text book:

1. R. L. Peterson, R. E. Zeimer, D. E. Borth, Introduction to Spread SpectrumCommunications, Prentice Hall, 1995.

References:

1. J. Proakis, Digital Communication, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2000.

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

Subject Code: ECPE19 Credits:

3:1:0Prerequisites: Communication

UNIT I


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Introduction: Principles of wireless communication, History, Mobile Communication, Basicconcepts, examples of wireless communication systems, Different generations of wireless networks

1G, 2G, 3G, 4G networksUNIT II

Cellular System Components: Common cellular network components, views of cellular networks,

cellular component identification call establishment, frequency reuse, channel assignment strategies,Handoffs Interference and System capacity

UNIT III

Multiple Access Schemes: TDMA techniques Overview, FDMA, Capacity of cellular systems,

CDMA technology, CDMA channel concepts, CDMA Operations

UNIT IV

Wireless Modulation: OFDM, path loss models, Wireless coding techniques, digital modulationtechniques.

UNIT V

Standards: Ultra Wide Band Radio technology, Typical GSM Architecture and System Hardware,

Wireless LAN Introduction to IEEE 802.15x standard evolution, Bluetooth Architecture andApplications, Bluetooth controller basics operational status, Zigbee

Text books:

1. Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition,Pearson Education, 2002.

2. Mullet, Wireless Telecom Systems and Networks, Thomas Learning, 2006.

References:

1. Lee W.C.Y, Mobile Cellular Telecommunication, MGH, 2002.2. D P Agrawal, Wireless Communication, 2nd Edition, Thomas Learning, 2007.

ARM PROCESSORS

Subject Code: ECPE20 Credits : 3:0:1Prerequisites: Microprocessors

UNIT I

ARM Embedded Systems: Introduction to ARM Processors, RISC Design philosophy, RISC and

CISC architectures, ARM Design philosophy, ARM Instruction Set features for Embedded Systems,Embedded System Hardware, Example of an ARM based Embedded Micro controller, ARM Bus

Technology, AMBA Bus Protocol, Memory Hierarchy, Memory width and Types, Peripherals :


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Memory controllers, interrupt controllers, Embedded System Software, Initialization Code, OperatingSystem, Applications

UNIT II

ARM Processor Fundamentals: ARM Processor core Dataflow Model, Registers, Current Program

Status Register, Processor Modes, Banked Registers, ARM and Thumb States, Instruction Setfeatures, Interrupt Masks, Condition Flags, Conditional Execution, Pipe Line mechanism, Pipe Line

Execution Characteristics, Exceptions, Interrupts and the Vector Table, Core Extensions, Cache andTightly Coupled Memory, Memory Management, Coprocessors, ARM architecture Revisions, ARM

Nomenclature, ARM Processor Families, ARM 7, ARM 9, ARM 10, ARM 11 Families and theirattributes, Specialized Processors

UNIT III

Introduction to the ARM Instruction Set: ARM Instruction Set Mnemonics, Syntax and their

description, ARM Instruction Classes, Data Processing Instructions, MOVE Instructions, BarrelShifter, Barrel Shifter Operations, Arithmetic Instructions, Logical Instructions, Comparison and Test

Instructions, Multiply Instructions, Branch Instructions, Load Store Instructions, Single RegisterTransfer, Single Register Load Store Addressing Modes, Multiple - Register Transfer, Examples,

Stack Operations, Addressing Modes for Stack Operations, Swap Instruction, Software InterruptInstruction, PSR - Instructions, Coprocessor Instructions, Coprocessor - 15 Instruction Syntax,

Loading Constants, ARM V5E Extensions, Count Leading Zeros Instruction, Saturated Arithmetic,ARM V5E Multiply Instructions, Conditional Execution,

UNIT IV

Introduction to the THUMB Instruction Set: Thumb Instruction Set Mnemonics, Thumb Register

usage, ARM THUMB Interworking, Branch Instructions, Data Processing Instructions, Single Register Load Store Instructions, Multiple - Register Load Store Instructions, Stack -

Instructions, Software Interrupt Instruction

UNIT V

Exception and Interrupt Handling: Exception Handling, ARM Processor Exceptions and Modes,

Exception Priorities, Link Register Offsets, Interrupts, Interrupt Latency, IRQ AND FIQ Exceptions,Basic Interrupt Stack Design and Implementation, Interrupt Handling Schemes, Non nested InterruptHandler, Non nested Interrupt Handler

Firmware for ARM based Embedded Systems: Firmware and Boot Loader, ARM Firmware Suite,

Red Hat Red Boot, Example: Sand Stone, Sand Stone Directory Lay out, Code Structure


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Text books:

1. Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes & Chris Wright, ARM System Developers Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software, MorganKaufmann, 2004

References:

1. ARM Architecture Reference Manual

LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN

Subject Code : ECPE21 Credits: 3:1:0

Prerequisites: ****

UNIT- I

Power Dissipation in CMOS : Introduction: Need for low power VLSI chips, sources of powerconsumption, introduction to CMOS inverter power dissipation, low power VLSI design limits, basic

principle of low power design.

UNIT- II

Power Optimization : Logical Level Power Optimization: gate reorganization, local restructuring,signal gating, logic encoding, state machine encoding, pre-computation logic.

Circuit Level Power Optimization: transistor and gate sizing, equivalent pin ordering, network re-structuring and re-organization, special latches and flip-flops.

UNIT- III

Design of Low Power CMOS Circuits : Reducing power consumption in memories: low power

techniques for SRAM, circuit techniques for reducing power consumption in adders and multipliers.

Special techniques: power reduction and clock networks, CMOS floating gate, low power bus, delaybalancing.

UNIT- IV

Power Estimation: Simulation power analysis: SPICE circuit simulation, Gate level Simulation,

Architectural level analysis, Data correlation analysis in DSP systems, Monte-Carlo simulation.

Probabilistic power analysis: random signals, probabilistic techniques for signal activity estimation,propagation of static probability in logic circuits, gate level power analysis using transition density.


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UNIT V

Synthesis and Software Design for Low Power : Synthesis for low power: behavioral leveltransforms, algorithm level transforms for low power, architecture driven voltage scaling, power

optimization using operation reduction, operation substitution.Software design for low power: sources of software power dissipation, gate level, architecture level,

bus switching activity.

Case study: Multi-core processor architecture such as ARM, AMD.

Text Books:

1. Gary Yeap, Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design, Kluwer, 1998.2. K.Roy and S.C. Prasad Low Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design, Wiley, 2000, Indian

edition 2008.

References :

1. Dimitrios Soudris, Chirstian Pignet, Costas Goutis, Designing CMOS Circuits for LowPower, Kluwer, 2002

2. Jan .M .Rabaey and Massoud Pedram, Low Power Design Methodologies, KAP, 1996.3. A.P.Chandrakasan and R.W. Broadersen, Low Power Digital CMOS Design, Kluwer,1995.

4. Abdellatif Bellaouar,Mohamed.I. Elmasry Low Power Digital VLSI Designs, Kluwer,1995.

CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY

Subject Code: ECPE23 Credits: 3:1:0Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT I

Introduction: Services, Mechanisms and Attacks, OSI Security ArchitectureA model for NetworkSecurity

Introduction to Number Theory: Prime numbers, Fermats and Eulers Theorem, Test for

Primality, Chinese Remainder Theorem.Introduction to Finite Fields: Modular Arithmetic, Euclids Algorithm, Polynomial Arithmetic,

Finite Fields of form GF(p)UNIT II

Symmetric Ciphers: Symmetric Cipher Model, Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques,

Simplified DES, Data Encryption Standard (DES), Strength of DES, Differential and LinearCryptanalysis, Block Cipher Design Principles, Evaluation Criteria for Advanced Encryption

Standard, AES Cipher


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UNIT III

Principles of Public Key Cryptosystems: RSA Algorithm, Key Management, Diffie Hellman KeyExchange, Elliptical Curve Arithmetic, Authentication and Hash functions

Digital Signatures: Authentication protocols, Digital Signature Standard.

UNIT IV

Web Security: Web Security considerations, Secure Socket Layer, Transport Layer Security, SecureElectronic Transaction

Intruders: Intrusion Detection, Password Management.

Malicious Software: Viruses and Related Threats, Virus Countermeasures.Firewalls: Firewall Design Principles, Trusted Systems

UNIT V

Steganography and Watermarking, Holograms: Introduction and importance to Steganography

and Watermarking, Applications, Models of Watermarking, Steganographic Communication and itsbuilding blocks, Steganalysis. Fundamentals of Hologram.

Textbooks:

1. William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, Pearson Education, 2003.2. Ingemar J.Cox, Matthew L. Miller, Jeffery A. Bloom, Jessica Fridrich, Ton Kalker, Digital

Watermarking and Steganography , Morgan Khaufmann Publishers, Elsevier, 2nd

Edition, 2008.

References:

1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, Cryptography and Network Security, TMH, 2007.

2. Atul Kahate, Cryptography and Network Security, TMH, 2003.

scheme-26syllebus 7-268 sem ec

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