ecocity development plan for puri, orissa (draft)

ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR

PURI, ORISSA (DRAFT)

DEC 2004

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS

Government of India

SPONSORED BY

GTZ ASEM , Government of

Germany

CONSULTANTS

SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE NEW DELHI

‘Eco-city Development Plan

for Puri, Orissa’

Taken up as a live project for 3rd

semester students of M. Planning

(Environment) of School of Planning and

Architecture, New Delhi

Expected outputs according to Terms of

References

PRESENTATION PLAN

Background

Appreciation and appraisal of

- Puri as an eco city

- The study area [ Student’s Participation]

Approach to ‘Eco-city Development Plan’

The Plan and Projects

Appreciation and Appraisal

of Puri and the Study Area

Based on field work and data analysis

completed by students

Various Dimensions

Approach to Eco-city

Development Plan

Major Issues: Puri

Eco city perception: CPCB, TIE

Some additional input-

10th five year Plan

Other documents

City as a sum of “spaces”

Nature of Eco city development Plan

[Structure Plan + Strategic plan]

The Plan and Projects

Constraints/ecological boundaries

Spaces/zones for development

Policies, strategies and projects

INTRODUCTION

Puri town: Administrative head quarter

of Puri District

Prominent Religious and tourist centre

One of the four Dhams

6’ to 10’ above mean sea level.

Puri owes its birth and existence to

Jagannath Temple

Famous for Rath Yatra

Jagannath Dham (abode of lord of the

Universe),, Shankha Kshetra (Place of conch)


PURI, ORISSA (DRAFT), DEC 2004

http://puri.nic.in/_vti_bin/shtml.dll/puri/orissa1.htm/map

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• Initial settlement : dating back to the age of Rigveda

The first temple

Dates back to Mahabharat, Lord Krishna killed by the arrow of Jara, a fowler.

Arjun then threw the body into the sea at Dwarka, floated as a log and took

thousands of years to reach eastern shores.

Indradyumna, got the three deities constructed

First Nagar (Town) - 2nd century BC

King Kharabela (Kalinga) : established the first Nagar (Town) at Puri.

640 AD: Chinese traveler Huen Tsang visited Puri.



9th century A.D : Established as one of the ‘Dhams’

The Second temple - 10th century A.D

King Yayati Kesari (Somavamsi dynasty) built the second temple

on the same spot as the first temple was dilapidated.

Third and the present temple: 12th century A.D Built by King Ananta Varman Chodaganga of Ganga dynasty

Temple was completed by his grandson Ananga Bhima Deva

Pilgrims started visiting Puri and it became a major tirtha.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


Based on Vaastu Purush

Mandala

Shape of the town: Like

a Conch (Sankha)

In the centre: Jagannath

temple on a hillock called

Nilgiri and 8 Shiva temples

guarding the 8 quarters

radiating from it.

The Shankha Kshetra is about 5 Kroshas (10 miles) of which 2 Kroshas are

within the sea.

HISTORICAL CITY PLANNING

The broad end of

Shankha lies to the

W : Loknath Temple

Apical end in east :

Vilakantha (Bilweswar)

Temple

Mitiani stream on the NE

Swargdwar in S



First Fold

Adobe of

Deities

Seventh Fold

Third Fold

Eight Petals

with Eight Shivas

& Goddesses

as the Guardian

Deities

Fourth Fold

Temple Precincts

and the

Inner Compound

wall

Fifth Fold

Eight Shivas

and Eight

Goddesses as

Guardian Deities

Sixth Fold

Five Tirthas

and

Four Ashrams

Second Fold

Goddesses,

Sacred trees

and

Tirthas

Seventh Fold Sentries of

Shankha Kshetra

& 2 Pilgrim

Centers

Eighth Fold

Guardian Sea

HISTORICALCITY PLANNING

3 Folds

4th Fold

5th Fold

6th Fold

7th Fold

7t h Fold

BAY OF BENGAL



City grew around Temple (12th century)

Higher grounds occupied first

Town proper consists of Jagannath

Temple In its centre with 8 quarters (Sahis)

radiating from it as concentric rings.

Sea in S and low lying marshy lands in N acted

as physical barriers for NS expansion

British and laying of railway line, holiday homes

were built and the modernization of Puri began.

Structure of the town : linear along Bada Danda

and beach; organic around these.

Rath Yatra became more elaborate

More people started staying here

More people to serve them.

EVOLUTION OF THE CITY ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


R. MUSA R. MATIA

LINKAGES: Well Connected

60 Km from Bhubaneshwar, 80 kms from Cuttack

Linked to NH 5

Part of “Golden Triangle” of Puri-Konark-

Bhubaneshwar

Railway: Linked via Broad gauge to Khurda

Directly linked to Calcutta via Broad Gauge

railway line

PRESENT STATUS:

REGIONAL LINKAGES



BHUBANESHWAR

NH 6

NH 23

NH 6

NH 5

NH 43

PURI

KONARK

REGIONAL LINKAGES

PIPLI

TO

CALCUTTA

TO

BILASPUR

TO RAJPUR

PARADWIP

Airport: Bhubhneshwar,

60km

Railway Line

(broad Gauge)

NH

SH

Raghurajpura

CHILIKA LAKE

MARSHY/SWAMPY AREAS

NATURAL RESOURCES

SUNAMUHIN

RIVER

BALUKHAND

RESERVE FOREST CASUARINA

PLANTATION MUSA

RIVER

Mean Wind Speed= 15.3 kmph: can’t support

wind mills

Strong winds in summer

Prone to cyclonic disturbances particularly

during pre & post monsoon (May & June & Oct

& Nov).

Tides up to a height of 6 to 7m, 50m/s wind

speed

Seismic zone III: No structural damages

reported Monsoon winds

Post Monsoon

winds

Av. Wind speed during

cyclone= 51kmph,

second highest

DAMAGE

Overhead wires

Crops

Floods

Kucha structures



Part of Mahanadi Delta system

Distributaries of Mahanadi trisect the area

and cause flood

Entire LDP and some part of UDP affected

by flood every year.

Causes sand cast on agricultural land

Formation of spits chokes the river mouths

and cause inland flooding.

Major floods: 1982, 1984 and 1992, 1996

Rich in Ca, Mg & decomposed organic

matter

Support a good crop of rice.

Fresh Underground water available

at 40m

Below, salt water with impervious

clay zone at its top.

Most of the wells : 15 to 25m deep

NATURAL RESOURCES ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


Coastal Sand Dunes

Lower Deltaic Plain

Upper Deltaic Plain

Middle Deltaic Plain

The beach ridge dune complex:-

3km stretch from the beach

FIRST set of dunes: Youngest dunes

Least ht. and width

Loose, unconsolidated

Main vegetation: Casuarina:

Arrests migration (Prone)

Unoxidized white sand

THIRD set of dunes: Most mature

•Located 2.5km from coast line

•2.5 to 5m high

•Isolated, irregular indicating erosion

• Brownish sand (oxidized)

•Stabilized by plantations & old town

Beach

1st Dunes

Most sensitive

2nd Dunes

3rd Dunes

SECOND set : Discontinuous

•Separated from 1st set by an inter

dunal space of 200 to 300m width

• Inter dunal ponds

• Casuarina, coconut, palm



LOWER DELTAIC PLAIN

•Silt and clay dominated low lying land

•Water logging

•Swampy character.

•Shallow aquifers bear saline ground

water.

•Vegetation: bush, grass & mangroves

Upper Deltaic Plain

•Slightly elevated than

LDP.

•No water logging, sandy

to silty soil

•Appearance of big trees

(like Banyan, banana)

•Paddy cultivation, Sugar

cane, pulses grow well.

•Water table lower than

that of the LDP.

•Soil free from salinity

•Ground water in shallow

aquifer is fresh.



BAY OF BENGAL

STUDY AREA

Unique character of the area

Historic and Cultural district in itself

The Master Plan area is about 63.578 sq. Kms

Municipal area is about 16.84 sq. Kms

34 units or Mouzas and 30 wards.



STUDY AREA: PRESENT STATUS

SHANKH AREA

RELIGIOUS

TANKS

Shwet

Ganga

Matiani

Jheel

Markandeya Temple & Tank

•Sage Markandeya had dug the

tank at the command of Vishnu.

• It has no linga

Narendra Tank: Chandan Yatra

•dug be minister of king

Narasimha Deva,

INDRADYUMNA TANK

Courtyard type Houses Jagannath temple:

Lifeline of Puri

•Located on a higher

platform than the city

Bada Danda connecting

Jagannath and Gundicha

Temple: Processional

pathway for Rath Yatra

Swarg Dwar: Door to Heaven,

Cremation Ground

Religious Tanks

Gundicha Temple

Loknath Temple: Guardian Deity

• Submerged Linga

• Retrieved during Shiv Ratri



http://puri.nic.in/photo1/beach14.3.jpg

http://puri.nic.in/photo1/swarga1.2.jpg

PRESENT STATUS

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1941

1951

1961

1971

1981

1991

DECADAL INCREASE(%)

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

POPULATION (1941 TO 2001)

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

1983 1985 1987 1989 1991

FLOATING POPULATION

POPULATION GROWTH

Increasing floating population

putting pressure on Infrastructure

Fluctuation population growth due to

single function economic base



Number of Workers

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

Number of Workers 134 85 1075 43342

CultivatorsAgricultural

Labour

House Hold

IndustriesOthers

Almost entire population involved in tertiary

sector

Primary survey revealed that

around 20, 000 people out of the

above are dependant on Temples and

related activities

This includes workers in Ashrams,

Mathas and other religious

organizations

Also includes Pandas and workers

dependant on Religious tourism

SOCIO- ECONOMIC

Lowest per capita income in the country

No inclination towards formal employment

Most people engaged in business or temple

activities



RATH YATRA

GENESIS

•Lord Jagannath was originally worshipped by

Savaras (SCs)

• Rath: so that the lord can be seen by the lowest of

the low

• Lord Jagannath along with brother and sister

goes to meet his aunt

RATH YATRA

• The annual ‘Rath Yatra’ of Lord

Jagannath of National & International

significance

• Attracts more than 1 million people.

• Collection of wood: Vasant

Panchami (Feb./March)

• Made of Phesi, Dharua wood

• Earlier provided by Royal family

• Now by Forest Department

Chariot

Building

Wood

Stored

GANJAM

KHURDA

JAJPUR



RATH YATRA

Jyestha Purnima Next day

People gather for Darshan

Anavasara: Isolation Period

(15 Days)

• Nibhrita Festival(Separation

form Lord Laxmi)

•Nava Yauvana: Repainted

•Netrotsava: Eyes Painted

Snana Purnima: 108 pots of

water from holy tanks, Dieties put on Elephant

Masks: Ganesh Vesha

Rath Yatra: Day 1

Pahandi

King cleans floor, Pours

fragrant water

•Rest in the chariot

•Taken to Sanctum

•Stay for 7 days

Bahuda Yatra: Day 9

Return journey

Mausi Maa

Temple

Stay overnight in Chariot

Suna Vesha: Day 10

• Bada Ekadashi

•Golden Dress

•Back to Sanctum, Max. Devotees

King’s Palace

Meet Godess

Laxmi

http://puri.nic.in/photo1/threeratha4.2.jpg




http://puri.nic.in/photo1/jaga1.2.jpg

http://puri.nic.in/photo1/door6.2.jpg

http://puri.nic.in/photo1/rajanahara1.2.jpg

• Temple as the guiding force for land use development, Elevated Platform

• Religious character of Puri reflected in land use

Artisans for

Rath Building

Guardian deity in

the periphery

of the city

LAND USE 1968

• Increase in commercial: mixed Land use

• Conflict between cultural and purely commercial activities in the core

• No proper attention to provide for tourism (religious and nature based)

• Agricultural lands converted to residential

• Lack of recreational and open spaces

• No planned growth except new colonies

Wetlands built upon

LAND USE, 2004 ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


Residential 36.5

Commercial 6

Admin 1.6

Inst 4.5

Tpt 8.4

Agri 17.1

Vacant 18

Beach 2.8

Water Bds 4

LandUse Distribution

Commercial

6%

Admin

2%

Water Bds

4%Beach

3%

Agri

17%

Vacant

18%Residential

37%

Inst

5%

Tpt

8%

PURI MUNICIPAL AREA, 1968

RESIDENTIAL 31.4

COMMERCIAL 1.2

INDUSTRIAL 0.09

PUBLIC AND SEMI PUBLIC 3.6

OPEN SPACES INCLUDING

AGRICULTURE 55

OTHER MISCELLANEOUS USES 8

TOTAL AREA 99.29

LAND USE DISTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL AREA,1968

RESIDENTIAL

32%

MISCELLANEOUS

USES

8%

OPEN SPACES

INCLUDING

AGRICULTURE

55%

COMMERCIAL

1%

PUBLIC AND

SEMI PUBLIC

4%

Developed Area = 6.07 sq Kms which is

64% of the total Municipal Area

Developed Area=10.64 sq Kms, (63.23% of

Municipal Area)

Industries: 1.75%, agro-based

PSP: institutional, temples, educational

institutes, Mathas, ashrams, Administrative,

utilities and transportation PSP: 3.6% (temples, Mathas & Ashrams,

institutional and administrative).

Development restricted along roads

Vacant land in revenue villages,

Talabania, Chakratirtha, Balukhand,etc.

Miscellaneous: water bodies, transport

Land in core: Increasing proportion is in

private ownership.

Residential areas: Pilgrim Lodging, Mixed use

Endowment Land: Getting sold to private

owners for pilgrim facilities or commercial use.

Commercial: Increasing intensity of use

LAND USE DISTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL AREA, 2004 LAND USE DISTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL AREA, 1968

LAND USE

DENSITY & LAND VALUES

WARD WISE DENSITY 2001

LAND VALUES 2001

High density around

temple

Unsanitary and unhygienic

conditions

Deteriorating physical

environment.

Values driven by tourism

(religious and nature based)

Higher land values in the core

suggestive of the deteriorating

condition of the beach



Total waste generated 50 to 60 tons/day

Rath: 80 tones/day (18 ton by hotels, rest from

temples and pilgrims)

Improper waste collection

Waste dumped on the streets, drains

Mixing of hazardous waste with municipal waste

No segregation

Compost plant capacity: 100 tons/day

Utilized: 30 tons/day

Little recycling of waste

Sources:

Temple waste

Household & commercial

Drain desilting waste

Institutional & industrial waste

Municipal waste

Debris (reduces efficiency of composting pant)

Dumping areas mostly in city core

60 to 80% waste collection

Baliapanda composting plant

INFRASTRUCTURE: SOLID WASTE ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


1. STP at Bankemohun for capacity 5 MLD : not functioning due to siltation

2. Sewage flowing to the sea and Musa River through open storm water drains

3. CORE AREA depends on septic tanks and soak pits

4. Contamination of Ground water in the wards of the old town

5. Proposed sewage treatment plant and pipelines under construction

INFRASTRUCTURE: SEWERAGE ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


* Supply from Chakratirtha & Baliapanda Aquifers

Fresh water aquifer upto 42m, Saline: upto 179m,

Fresh water again between 210m to 244m

78% population dependant on piped water, rest

on G/W

Contamination Levels

• PO4 > 1ppm in 56% of the samples

• NO3 > 100ppm in 63% of the samples

• Cl content in G/W rising

CONTAMINATED AQUIFER

•Traditional Soak Pit System

• NO3 :Upto 336mg/l ( permissible-100)

AQUIFER at Baliapanda

* Limited groundwater contamination

* Saline water below 40m

* Originally forested with Casuarina,

developed into colonies and resorts

AQUIFER: Chakratirtha

* Limited groundwater

contamination

INFRASTRUCTURE: WATER SUPPLY ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


Present Situation

• Most ponds eutrophicated

• Many are used as solid waste dump

• Leaching from the soak pits contaminating the ground water.

• Siltation of water channels

INFRASTRUCTURE: WATER SUPPLY

The overflow channel

from Markandya Tank

To Musa River: Water

Hyacinth

Gastro-intestinal problems.

Using polluted stagnant

water for bath in ponds and

rivers

Waste water from hotels

discharged into sea

Skin diseases.

Hyacinths : breeding grounds

of mosquitoes spreading

filariasis.



Power from Eastern grid

Highest voltage transmission: 220

KV received at Bhubaneshwar

Alternative supply from Khurda Grid

Illegal tapping of electricity

Overhead lines facing corrosion due

to humid conditions

INFRASTRUCTURE: ELECTRICITY ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


INFRASTRUCTURE:

TRANSPORT

HOSPITAL

CROSSING

GRID

CROSSING

GOPALPUR

CROSSING

JATIA BABA

CROSSING

DARAJIPOKHARI

CROSSING

JHADESWARI

CROSSING

MARKET

CRSG.

MARCHIKOTE

CRSG.

NITAI

GOUR INFORMAL ACTIVITIES

HIGH TRAFFIC VOLUME

POOR CONDITION OF ROADS

BOTTLE NECKS

POOR INTERSECTIONS

BRIDGE OVER

BANKE MOHUN

TO BRAHMGIRI TO

BHUBANESHWAR

TO KONARK



TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT

ISSUES

Informal Activites along Grand Road

Swargadwar Road: Poor road condition has

rendered it unsuitable and unsafe for

motorized vehicles

Chakratirtha Road: Narrow Lanes

resulting in traffic congestion

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS TRAFFIC BOTTLENECKS

JAGANNATH TEMPLE PRECINCTS: TOO MANY ACCESSES CAUSING

BOTTLENECK FOR PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

LACK OF ACCESS CONTROL ON GRAND ROAD

•Lack of access control on Grand road/Bada Danda Traffic congestion

Unmanageable pedestrian flow during Ratha Yatra

(Standard- 10,000 Persons/min)

Chakratirtha Road

Hospital Crossing

Grid Crossing

Jagannath Temple


ISSUES

No Formal Parking areas near Hotels or Temple Traffic Composition on important roads; mostly non-motorised: 50 to 80%

An alignment to be

identified for

missing link

between Brahmgiri

road and Marine

drive

Brahmgiri Road

Marine Drive

No existing Link between Marine Drive and Brahmgiri Road


ISSUES

TRAFFIC MANAGMENT

•Alignment to be identified for missing link between Marine Drive and Brahmgiri

Road

•Further Scope for improvement in traffic management during Ratha Yatra

RATHA YATRA-

•Pedestrian movement to be controlled from all leading roads meeting Grand road

and Jagannath temple: Pedestrian flow should not exceed more than capacity.

•Better information and management system in order to regulate pedestrian flow

•Parking Management systems to be improved through rationalizing parking

policies and supply systems

TRAFFIC CIRCULATION

•Effective traffic circulation and road geometric measures to be applied to reduce

traffic congestions occurring particularly at Grid, Hospital Crossing and

Chakratirtha


POSSIBLE MEASURES

Less students enrolled in

high schools

Health facilities adequate

Common diseases: Filaria,

malaria, diarrhea, dysentery :

Mosquito & water borne

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS: AIR POLLUTION

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

SO2 LEVELS (Gundicha Temple)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Pre Rath Rath Post Rath

SO2 LEVELS (Bankemohun)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


NOx LEVELS (Gundicha Temple)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


NOx LEVELS (Bankemohun) 0

50

100

150

200

250


SPM LEVELS (Bankemohun)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


SO2 LEVELS (Jagannath Temple)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


NOx LEVELS (Seashore)

0

50

100

150

200

250


SPM LEVELS (Seashore)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


SO2 LEVELS (Baliapanda)

• Highest at Gundicha Temple

due to proximity to Bus Stand

• Reduce after Rath Yatra

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


NOx LEVELS (Jagannath Temple)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


NOx LEVELS (Baliapanda)

• Highest along Bada Danda due to

increased number of vehicles for Rath.

• Significant Reduction after Rath Yatra

0

100

200

300

400

500

600


SPM LEVELS (Gundicha Temple)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400


SPM LEVELS (Jagannath Temple)

0

50

100

150

200

250


SPM LEVELS (Baliapanda)

• Critical along Bada Danda due to increased number of vehicles & people

for Rath.

• Significant Reduction after Rath Yatra due to the onset of monsoons



POLLUTION

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000


TC Level (Narendra Tank)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800


TC Level (Indradyumna Tank)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800


TC Level (Markanda Tank)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000


TC Level (Swetganga Tank)

BOD LEVELS COMPARISON

99.8

7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

PRE - RATHYATRA DURING RATHYATRA POST - RATHYATRA

Co

ncen

trati

on

in

mg

/l

BOD Level (Narendra Tank)


77.7

7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


Co

ncen

trati

on

in

mg

/l

BOD Level (Markanda Tank)


77.6

7.2

01

234

567

89


INDRADHYMNA TANK

Co

ncen

trati

on

in

mg

/l

BOD Level (IndradyumnaTank)


6.5

7.57

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


Co

cen

trati

on

in

mg

/l

BOD Level (SwetgangaTank)

pH LEVELS COMPARISON

8.068.42 8.12

0

1.5

3

4.5

6

7.5

9


pH LEVELS (Markanda Tank)


8.2 8.1 7.86

0

1.5

3

4.5

6

7.5

9


pH LEVELS (Narendra Tank)


8.32 8.28 8.32

0

1.5

3

4.5

6

7.5

9


pH LEVELS (Indradhyumna Tank)


8.35 8.22 7.94

0

1.5

3

4.5

6

7.5

9


pH LEVELS (Swetganga Tank)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Before During After

SO4 Level- Narendra Tank

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Before During After

SO4 Level- Indradyumna Tank

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Before During After

SO4 Level- Markanda Tank

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Before During After

SO4 Level- Swetganga Tank

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

Before During After

PO4 Level- Narendra Tank

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Before During After

PO4 Level- Indradyumna Tank 0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Before During After

PO4 Level- Markanda Tank

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

Before During After

PO4 Level- Swetganga Tank

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Before During After

NO3 Level- Narendra Tank

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Before During After

NO3 Level- IndradyumnaTank

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Before During After

NO3 Level- Markanda Tank

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Before During After

NO3 Level- Swetganga Tank

•During Rath Yatra, BOD in all the tanks increases

•Comes down due to dilution of water in monsoons

• High Coliform due to Mass Bathing, offerings and washing of clothes in Rath

•Come down due to dilution of water in monsoons



PARKING

INFRASTRUCTURE: RATH YATRA

* Estimated daily floating population : 2001 :

20% of the resident population

Lack of facilities in the Periphery



Raja of Puri: Chairman (Ex-officio)

Collector

Vice- Chairman (Ex-officio)

Temple Administrator

Secretary (Ex-officio)

Commissioner: Endowments

Member (Ex-officio)

Member: Mukti Mandap

Member (Nominated)

4 Members: Sevaks of temple

Member (Nominated)

Representatives of Mathas &

other religious bodies

(Nominated)

No ward level representation

No co-ordination with the Municipality

Multiplicity of existing religious institutions leading to

uncoordinated working of the committee

Other nominated

members (2)

TEMPLE MANAGEMENT ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


Environment Traffic Migration Infrastructure

Collection of

wood

• wood cutting • stored on

Bada Danda

•artisans to

make

chariot

Chariot

building

•noise &

air poll.

•Congestions,

no parking

Snana

Purnima

• Solid waste

generated in

Bhog preparation

• traffic near

temple stopped

• People

gather around

Rath

Anavasara

Rath • over crowing

•Mass Bathing

in tanks

• all traffic

stopped

•Upto 10

lakh ppl.

•accommodation,

utilities

•Sanitation

Bahuda Yatra •over crowing

• Littering

• all traffic

stopped

•Upto 10

lakh ppl.

accommodation,

utilities

Suna Vesha •Over crowding • congestion,

parking

• upto 12

lakh

•utilities

•People stay on

beach : poll.

Dismantling

of Rath

• wood burnt

•Air, noise poll.

Activity

Impact

Informal Shops

Shops near Temple

Municipal Bazaar

• Garages,

Automobile Repair

• Buses, Jeeps

Bus Stand

Parking near Gundicha

Shopping Complexes

Shops along Grand Road

ACTIVITY ANALYSIS

• Pilgrims & Locals

• Lodges, Hotels

• Mixed: Grocery, Utensils, Hardware

• 2 & 4 Wheeler Traffic

• Pilgrims

• Products associated with the temple

• Light Vehicles (Cycles, Rickshaws)



• Peak hours: 9 to 12A.M.

• Critical Activities:

Informal, Begging

• Peak hours: 9 to 12A.M. & 5 to 8 P.M.

• Critical Activities: Congestion due to 4

wheelers, Parking & Begging

• Peak hours: 9 to 12A.M. & 5 to 8 P.M.

• Critical Activities: 4 Wheelers, Cycle

Rickshaws, Parking

ACTIVITY ANALYSIS ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


Old High density settlement- Accessibility problems

Visual Aesthetics

Lack of Infrastructural facilities

Growth in Infromal Sector

New developments

Medium Density

HERITAGE ZONE

BAY OF BENGAL



100

600

5350

21,400

4080

20400

2340

17550

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

3 Star Ist Class Other small

hotels

Small Lodgings

Normal

Peak

59,950 11,870 368 Total

17,550 2,340 150 20 25 119 Small Lodging and

Boarding Houses

4

20,400 4,080 150 30 30 140 Other Small Hotels, Guest

Houses, Restaurants

3

21,400 5,350 200 50 40 107 1st Class Hotels 2

600 100 300 50 50 2 3 Star Hotels 1

Population

residing in

hotels during

peak season

Population

residing in

hotels during

normal season

Avg.

persons

during

peak

season

Avg. persons

per hotel

during

normal

season

Avg. no. of

rooms per

hotel

No. Classification S.

No

Source: National Productivity Council Report; Note: Tourists also take shelter as paying guests in residences

TOURISM

OCCUPANCY RATES



TOURISM

50

8

250

25

15

20

Both sides of Grand road

Along Station road

Along Marine Drive road

Distributed Around the City

Beach Side

Along Chakratirtha road

Immediate Upgradation of Infrastructural

Facilities for Sustainable tourism



Deposition of sand in 200m zone by

sea water and wind: Primary dunes

unstable

Secondary dunes partially stabilized

by Old structures

Hotels encroaching upon secondary

dunes

If this continues: Impact on

secondary dunes: Salt spray, Salt

intrusion into Ground water regime

OLD

TOWN

HOTELS

ENCROACHING

UPON THE DUNES CRZ II (500M)

DEVELOPMENT OF

PROMENADE

ALONG STABLIZED

TERTIARY DUNES

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

200M 100M



STAGGERED BUFFER (PLAN)

STAGGERED BUFFER (SECTION): PLANTATION TO STABLIZE PRIMARY & SECONDARY DUNES

CASUARINA

SECONDARY DUNE PRIMARY DUNE

COCONUT

ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS AND

POTENTIALS

REGIONAL CLASSIFICATION

Puri Town lies in an environmentally sensitive zone forming part of the

East Coastal plains ( Macro region as classified by the Census of India,1971);

Meso region – Middle Coastal Plain and

Micro region – the Mahanadi Delta

The area is characterised by occurance of lakes,presence of extensive irrigated area,

which is protected from inundation by a system of manmade embankments.This has

resulted into high pressure of population and high yeild per unit area

• COASTAL ECOSYSTEM

As per MOEF notification, the town falls under CRZII, and the major coastal

landforms present are

- Beach

- Beach Ridge Dunes

Being part of the Mahanadi Delta, the other associated features are

- The lower deltaic plains


POTENTIALS

• Major portion of city is situated on the Secondary dune, susceptible to

salt spray, and flooding during cyclones.

(High Damage Risk Zone)

• Wind speed is high, but cannot support wind mills.

• Soil is saline, and would support salt tolerant species.

• Surface water sources are the dried up Musa River and the water

tanks,which are polluted.

• Major source of water supply is ground water – dugwells, borewells

and tanks ( ground and surface).

• Ground water exploitation is 5.2% ( CGWB estimates for 2000,

for Puri Sadar Block).The high dependence on tanks and ponds for

washing and bathing is a typical feature of the town. This reduces the

load on the piped supply, but is a major source of pollution.


POTENTIALS

• Even though the presence of two fresh water aquifers are largely

responsible for the availibility of sweet water, excessive draft would

cause saline intrusion.

• Tanks are major sources for ground water recharge here and are

getting polluted.

• The partial sewerage network, non-functioning soakpits are sources of

ground water contamination .

• Surface Drainage is inadequate and is prone to clogging due to

solid waste disposal.

DEVELOPMENT WOULD HAVE TO BE RESPONSIVE TO THE

COASTAL SETTNG AND THE GROUND WATER BEHAVIOUR THAT IS

SPECIFIC TO THE CITY AND ITS IMMEDIATE REGION.

THE CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF THE REGION WOULD NEED TO BE

CONSIDERED FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION.

OBSERVATIONS ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


As a Historic, Religious city, inhabited continuously for over two thousand

years, Puri’s development requires a special approach beyond the scope of a

master plan

The two cardinal dimensions of Puri are: Lord Jagannath’s Temple and its

location w.r.t the Bay of Bengal.

All citizens of Puri are deeply attached to the temple and the city.

There needs to be a high degree of coordination between the Temple

Management Committee and the Puri Municipality in order to undertake

planned interventions successfully. .

the structure and the layout of Puri reflects spontaneous development rather

than Planned development according to Vedic Principles.

As a city belonging to the state of Orissa, it is necessary to recognize trends

of development of the state within the foreseeable future.

In order to be implementable, the Ecocity development plan needs to be

highly contextual, in harmony with stated policies and flexible in terms of

Scope, Time frame and Resource Utilization.

ISSUES & PROPOSALS

ENVIRONMENT & LANDSCAPE

Protection and Conservation Measures to be Evolved w.r.t CRZ

Preservation & Protection of ground water sources as the prime source of

Drinking water.

Measures to minimize Cyclone impact to be initiated in view of vulnerability of

the development facing the coast.

Impact of “Salt spray” on vegetative cover and built form.

Weathering of ancient structures due to wind and sea needs to be addressed.

Deposition of sandy particulate matter on built form carried by wind

Boundary of Ecocity must be extended to forests supplying timber for Rath

Yatra.

Identification and application of techniques to sustain forests

Reclamation and Encroachment on water resource system, wetlands within

the hinterland.

Conservation and protection of City Water tanks (Narendra, etc.) by reviving

storm water and surface runoff channels



ISSUES & PROPOSALS

INFRASTRUCTURE

Extension and linking of Marine Parade road

Identification of appropriate routes from camping sites to Grand road

Facilitating camping sites with appropriate services and facilities, parking

Management of Waste disposal

Treatment/ management of “temple waste”

Waste segregation

Treatment of biomedical waste

Water supply sources: Enhancement of Quality and quantity

Improvement/ introduction of storm water drainage

drainage of Grand road

Management of waste water (sanitation, discharge of septic tanks)

Corroding overhead electric supply lines: to be replaced by underground cables

Common STP for all beach hotels



Decreasing lung spaces and city greens and city open spaces to establish open space system

in city to be examined through “Patch and Corridor study”

No construction to be permitted within 500 meters from the HTL and no high rise buildings to be

erected along the shore.

The Reserve forest and Casuarina plantation along the sea shore to be preserved

ISSUES & PROPOSALS

CULTURE

Orientation Programme for Pandas

Improvement of all temples’ premises

Reorganization of temple management structure

Coordination between temple trust and Puri Municipality

Identification of cultural spaces and paths (Parikrama, etc.) and making

them attractive

Reorganization of informal sector according to spaces

Improvement of aesthetics of spaces, paths

Development of recreational facilities

Use solar power for lighting grand road and beach area

Provision/ reorganization of public utilities., services (toilets, etc.)

Preservation of sea beach



HUMAN RESOURCES

Eliminate Malaria, Filaria, Leprosy and other prevalent endemic diseases.

Vocational education to reduce unemployment and dependence on temple

Leprosy elimination, mainstreaming

Elimination of begging by creating more job opportunities.

Awareness about potentials of religious tourism

HERITAGE

Initiative to include Puri as a World Heritage Site

Completion and updating of inventory of heritage structures in & around Puri

Protection of Foundation of temple against Saline water intrusion.

Protection of Temple Superstructure

Including all major monuments under ASI Protected Monuments’ list

Generating funds for maintenance of monuments

Traditional skills and crafts practiced in and around Puri to be conserved and utilized

for revenue generation

ISSUES & PROPOSALS ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


ECONOMIC ISSUES

Improve employment, reduce / eliminate unemployment

Enhance income levels

Tourism development : pilgrim / religious tourism, Coastal / Beach

tourism

Promoting Sustainable tourism

Promoting Self Employment amongst the youth

Improving linkages with important cities of the Region and Country

ISSUES & PROPOSALS ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


TO BRAHMGIRI

TO BHUBAHNESHWAR TO KONARK

CASUARINA

PLANTATION

BALUKHAND

RESERVE

FOREST

NALLAH

R. SUNAMUHIN &

FLOOD PLAINS

GROWTH CONSTRAINTS

& POTENTIALS

POTENTIALS

• LINKS TO KONARK, BRAMHAGIRI &

BHUBNESHWAR

CONSTRAINTS

• PLANTATIONS & RESERVE FOREST AREA

• CRZ

• RIVER, NALLAH

•CRZ GUIDELINES, ASI GUIDELINES

POTENTIAL AREAS FOR

DEVELOPMENT

BAY OF BENGAL

CRZ II



GROWTH CONSTRAINTS

& POTENTIALS

•CRZ

•COASTAL SAND DUNES

HERITAGE ZONE

H.T.L

H.T.L. 500M

H.T.L. 200M

L.T.L.

DENSE CASUARINA

PLANTATION

(SHELTER BELT)

MUSA RIVER AND ITS

FLOOD PLAINS

MARINE ROAD

CHAKRATIRTHA ROAD

ROAD TO LOKNATH

BALUKHAND

RESERVE FOREST

GROWTH CONSTRAINTS POTENTIAL AREAS FOR GROWTH

JAGANNATH TEMPLE

PRECINCTS

TANKS &THEIR

SURROUNDINGS

CAMPING & PARKING

AREAS FOR RATH YATRA

STRENGTHENING

LINKAGES

TO BRAHMGIRI

TO

BHUBANESHWAR

TO KONARK

NALLAH



GROWTH CONSTRAINTS

& POTENTIALS

CATEGORY CONSTRAINTS POTENTIALS

NATURAL RESOURCES CRZ

Coastal Dunes

River Musa

Balukhand Reserve Forest

Dense Casuarina Plantation

HERITAGE Jagannath Temple and its

surroundings

Heritage Zone

Tanks and surroundings

GUIDELINES CRZ Guidelines

ASI Guidelines

INFRASTRUCTURE Bankemohun Nallah

AVAILABLE LAND Camping sites Hinterland

TRANSPORT Bada Danda Linkages to-

Loknath

Chakratirtha

Marine Drive

Regional Linkages



BAY OF BENGAL

ACTION AREAS

RATH YATRA HERITAGE LAND USE

•HIGH DENSITY,

OVERCROWDING,

UNHYGIENIC

•CLASH BET. CULTURAL &

COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES

•INFORMAL ACTIVITIES

•HIGH INTENSITY COMMERCIAL

& HOTELS

•UNHYGEINIC CONDITIONS

INFRASTRUCTURE POLLUTION

GROUND WATER AQUIFERS

TRANSPORT ENVIRONMENT

PRIMARY & SECONDARY DUNES

CRZ II

SALT SPRAY

NITAI

GAUR

GRID

CRS.

MARCHI

KOTE JHADES

WARI

HOSP.

NALLAH

TO BRAHMGIRI

TO

BHUBANESHWAR

TO KONARK



Rath Yatra Jagannath Temple and immediate surroundings

Gundicha

Bada Danda

Tanks and their surroundings

Camping sites

Heritage Jagannath Temple area

Heritage Zone

Land use Core around Jagannath

Bada Danda

Swargdwar Road

Commercial areas along the Beach

Musa River

Infrastructure Solid waste Management

Sewerage, Nallah

Water supply

Transport Bada Danda

Congestion Points

Regional Linkages

Strengthening of Linkages within Municipal area

Environment CRZ, Coastal dune belt

Salt spray affected areas

Musa river and its watershed

Tanks and their catchment area

ACTION AREAS ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR


TO BRAMHAGIRI

TO BHUBHNESHWAR

CASUARINA

PLANTATION

BALUKHAND

RESERVE

FOREST

NALLAH

R. SUNAMUHIN &

FLOOD PLAINS

CONCEPTUAL PLAN: ACTION AREAS

BAY OF BENGAL

• PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION

•DELINEATION OF WATERSHEDS

• DEVELOPMENT

•REGIONAL LINKAGES TO BE ENHANCED

TO KONARK



BAY OF BENGAL

GROWTH DIRECTIONS

ZONE 3 ZONE 7

ZONE 7

ZONE 4

ZONE 7

ZONE 2

ZONE 1

ZONE 6

TO BRAHMGIRI

TO

BHUBANESHWAR

TO KONARK

ZONE 1

ZONE 5

ZONE 5

Zone` Areas of Concern Potential Projects

Zone 1

Conservation

Jagannath Temple and its

immediate surroundings

Enhancement Of Temple And Its Precincts

Redevelopment of core area

Zone 2

Bada Danda

Redevelopment Of Bada Danda

Alternate route for commercial activities on Bada

Danda

Zone 3

Heritage Zone Solid Waste Management

Development of Open Space Structure

Patch and Corridor development

Zone 4 Coastal Area Regulation Of Activities & Uses In CRZ

Stabilization Of Dunes

Afforestation of exposed Primary dunes

Zone 5 Musa River

Balukhand Reserve Forest

Revival Of River Musa and Its watershed

Conservation and Protection

Zone 6 Tanks

Bankemohun Nallah

Environmental improvement of tanks and their

Precincts

Enhancement of accessibility to Tanks (5Nos.)

Improvement in the water quality

Appropriate Treatment of wastewater in

Bankemohun Nallah, Wastewater management in

the city

Zone 7 Hinterland Phase Wise Development As Per Land Suitability

Development Of Regional & Intra city Linkages

Conservation of forest plantations

CONCEPTUAL PLAN ECOCITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR PURI, ORISSA (DRAFT), DEC 2004

PROPOSALS: CONCEPTUAL

Development of Green

ways linking open spaces

Alternate route to divert commercial

activities from Grand Road

Redesigning Grand Road

• More Pedestrian friendly

• Space allocation for informal sector

• Parking, Entry only for 2 wheelers

• Visual enhancement

• Plantation

BAY OF BENGAL



INCREASED RETENTION

TIME

MATURATION

POND

OXIDATION

POND

OXIDATION

POND

NALLAH

WASTE WATER TREATMENT

NOT FUNCTIONING DUE

TO SILTATION



ecocity development plan for puri, orissa (draft)

Documents