Ecography ECOG-02256Heegaard, E., Boddy, L., Diez, J. M., Halvorsen, R., Kauserud, H., Kuyper, T. W., Bässler, C., Büntgen, U., Gange, A. C., Krisai-Greilhuber, I., Andrew, C. J., Ayer, F., Høiland, K., Kirk, P. and Egli, S. 2016. Fine-scale spatiotemporal dynamics of fungal fruiting: prevalence, amplitude, range and continuity. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ecog.02256

Supplementary material

Appendix 1

TableA1.Listofspeciesrecordedintheperiod1992-2006,functionalcategorizationoftheindividualspeciesandhowmanyrecordspresentofeachspecies.

Speciesnames Functionalgroup RecordsAgaricusdulcidulus Saprotrophic 9Agaricussemotus Saprotrophic 26Agaricussylvicola Saprotrophic 17Agrocybepraecox Saprotrophic 4Amanitabattarrae ECM 2Amanitacitrina ECM 178Amanitaexcelsa ECM 11Amanitafulva ECM 2Amanitagemmata ECM 140Amanitamuscaria ECM 28Amanitapantherina ECM 33Amanitaporphyria ECM 90Amanitarubescens ECM 171Amanitavaginata ECM 2Ampulloclitocybeclavipes Saprotrophic 42Baeosporamyosura Saprotrophic 4Boletusbadius ECM 432Boletuscalopus ECM 4Boletusedulis ECM 75Boletuserythropus ECM 25Boletusluridus ECM 2Boletusreticulatus ECM 20Boletussubtomentosus ECM 11Cantharelluscibarius ECM 78Cantharelluscinereus ECM 30Cantharellusianthinoxanthus ECM 60Chalciporuspiperatus ECM 19Chlorophyllumrachodes Saprotrophic 63Chroogomphushelveticus ECM 146Chroogomphusrutilus ECM 3Clitocybecostata Saprotrophic 3Clitocybeditopa Saprotrophic 52Clitocybefuligineipes Saprotrophic 30Clitocybegibba Saprotrophic 1104Clitocybehoughtonii Saprotrophic 278Clitocybemetachroa Saprotrophic 29Clitocybenebularis Saprotrophic 314Clitocybeobsoleta Saprotrophic 1Clitocybeodora Saprotrophic 1Clitocybephaeophthalma Saprotrophic 4Clitocybephyllophila Saprotrophic 3Clitocybesuaveolens Saprotrophic 12

Clitocybesubspadicea Saprotrophic 83Clitocybeumbilicata Saprotrophic 81Clitocybevibecina Saprotrophic 80Clitopilusprunulus Saprotrophic 4Collybiaozes Saprotrophic 6Conocybepygmaeoaffinis Saprotrophic 12Conocybevestita Saprotrophic 1Coprinellusdomesticus Saprotrophic 118Coprinellusmicaceus Saprotrophic 80Cortinariusacutus ECM 135Cortinariusalboviolaceus ECM 3Cortinariusanomalus ECM 292Cortinariusanserinus ECM 28Cortinariusanthracinus ECM 2Cortinariusarmeniacus ECM 53Cortinariusbetuletorum ECM 179Cortinariusbivelus ECM 7Cortinariusbolaris ECM 398Cortinariuscallochrous ECM 47Cortinariuscaperatus ECM 1078Cortinariuscasimiri ECM 276Cortinariuscausticus ECM 6Cortinariuscinnamomeus ECM 1Cortinariuscitrinus ECM 76Cortinariusclaricolor ECM 5Cortinariuscliduchus ECM 160Cortinariuscrystallinus ECM 32Cortinariusdamascenus ECM 166Cortinariusdecipiens ECM 355Cortinariuseburneus ECM 3Cortinariuselatior ECM 18Cortinariusepipoleus ECM 4Cortinariusevernius ECM 24Cortinariusflexipes ECM 1480Cortinariusglaucopus ECM 10Cortinariushinnuleus ECM 1Cortinariushumicola ECM 6Cortinariusinfractus ECM 19Cortinariuslargus ECM 247Cortinariusmalachius ECM 4Cortinariusmalicorius ECM 1Cortinariusmeinhardii ECM 1Cortinariusmultiformis ECM 75Cortinariusodorifer ECM 3Cortinariusparagaudis ECM 98Cortinariusparvannulatus ECM 18

Cortinariuspilatii ECM 9Cortinariusporphyropus ECM 2Cortinariuspurpurascens ECM 11Cortinariusrigens ECM 56Cortinariussanguineus ECM 6Cortinariussebaceus ECM 56Cortinariusspilomeus ECM 7Cortinariusstillatitius ECM 2Cortinariussubporphyropus ECM 32Cortinariustalus ECM 1Cortinariustorvus ECM 3Cortinariusuraceus ECM 1Cortinariusvariicolor ECM 1Cortinariusvarius ECM 1Cortinariusvenetus ECM 12Cortinariusvibratilis ECM 12Cortinariusvulpinus ECM 30Craterelluscornucopioides ECM 4099Craterellustubaeformis ECM 619Crepidotuscesatii Saprotrophic 22Cystodermaamianthinum Saprotrophic 409Cystodermacarcharias Saprotrophic 29Cystodermellagranulosa Saprotrophic 10Cystolepiotaseminuda Saprotrophic 19Entocybenitida Saprotrophic 11Entocybeturbida Saprotrophic 6Entolomacetratum Saprotrophic 10Entolomaconferendum Saprotrophic 15Entolomacuneatum Saprotrophic 6Entolomalividoalbum Saprotrophic 21Entolomarhodopolium Saprotrophic 641Flammulastercarpophilus Saprotrophic 3Galerellaplicatella Saprotrophic 2Galerinamarginata Saprotrophic 122Galerinastylifera Saprotrophic 4Galerinauncialis Saprotrophic 88Gymnopilushybridus Saprotrophic 98Gymnopusconfluens Saprotrophic 971Gymnopusdryophilus Saprotrophic 645Gymnopuserythropus Saprotrophic 58Gymnopusfuscopurpureus Saprotrophic 159Gymnopusocior Saprotrophic 189Gymnopusperonatus Saprotrophic 190Hebelomacrustuliniforme ECM 64Hebelomamesophaeum ECM 8Hebelomaradicosum ECM 6

Hebelomaspoliatum ECM 4Hohenbueheliamyxotricha Saprotrophic 1Hydnumrepandum ECM 345Hydnumrufescens ECM 116Hydropussubalpinus Saprotrophic 4Hygrophoropsisaurantiaca Saprotrophic 75Hygrophoruseburneus ECM 1178Hygrophorusmesotephrus ECM 9Hygrophoruspustulatus ECM 8Hymenopellisradicata Saprotrophic 166Hypholomacapnoides Saprotrophic 94Hypholomafasciculare Saprotrophic 6721Hypholomalateritium Saprotrophic 220Hypholomaradicosum Saprotrophic 2Inocybeacuta ECM 2Inocybeassimilata ECM 22Inocybeasterospora ECM 8Inocybecatalaunica ECM 197Inocybecincinnata ECM 29Inocybecookei ECM 7Inocybeflocculosa ECM 62Inocybefuscidula ECM 2Inocybegeophylla ECM 33Inocybegriseolilacina ECM 29Inocybehirtella ECM 454Inocybenitidiuscula ECM 45Inocybepetiginosa ECM 970Inocybepusio ECM 4Inocybetransitoria ECM 19Kuehneromycesmutabilis Saprotrophic 6946Laccariaamethystina ECM 8512Laccariabicolor ECM 4Laccarialaccata ECM 1425Lactariusacris ECM 34Lactariusalbocarneus ECM 1Lactariusaurantiacus ECM 130Lactariusblennius ECM 2331Lactariuscamphoratus ECM 360Lactariuscremor ECM 13Lactariusdeterrimus ECM 26Lactariusfuliginosus ECM 30Lactariuspallidus ECM 126Lactariuspergamenus ECM 2Lactariuspicinus ECM 2Lactariuspiperatus ECM 169Lactariusporninsis ECM 10

Lactariuspterosporus ECM 12Lactariusquietus ECM 2Lactariusromagnesii ECM 1Lactariusrufus ECM 2Lactariussubdulcis ECM 83Lactariusuvidus ECM 5Lactariusvellereus ECM 2Lactariusvolemus ECM 5Lentinelluscochleatus Saprotrophic 9Lepiotaclypeolaria Saprotrophic 18Lepiotacristata Saprotrophic 2Lepiotamagnispora Saprotrophic 16Lepistaflaccida Saprotrophic 47Lepistanuda Saprotrophic 3Leucocortinariusbulbiger Saprotrophic 1Lyophyllumdecastes Saprotrophic 10Lyophyllumfumosum Saprotrophic 4Macrocystidiacucumis Saprotrophic 5Macrolepiotaexcoriata Saprotrophic 1Macrolepiotaprocera Saprotrophic 9Marasmiuscohaerens Saprotrophic 25Marasmiustorquescens Saprotrophic 592Marasmiuswynneae Saprotrophic 10Megacollybiaplatyphylla Saprotrophic 136Melanoleucamelaleuca Saprotrophic 3Mycenadiosma Saprotrophic 53Mycenaepipterygia Saprotrophic 108Mycenaflavescens Saprotrophic 13Mycenagalericulata Saprotrophic 21Mycenagalopus Saprotrophic 1170Mycenahaematopus Saprotrophic 6Mycenapelianthina Saprotrophic 251Mycenapolygramma Saprotrophic 1Mycenapura Saprotrophic 1857Mycenarosea Saprotrophic 228Mycenasanguinolenta Saprotrophic 95Mycenavitilis Saprotrophic 5Mycenazephirus Saprotrophic 27Oudemansiellamucida Saprotrophic 114Panellusstipticus Saprotrophic 17Phaeocollybiaarduennensis ECM 4Pholiotaastragalina Saprotrophic 3Pholiotasquarrosa Saprotrophic 706Pluteusbrunneoradiatus Saprotrophic 2Pluteuscervinus Saprotrophic 50Pluteusexiguus Saprotrophic 20

Pluteusnanus Saprotrophic 11Pluteusromellii Saprotrophic 1Pluteussatur Saprotrophic 1Psathyrelladicrani Saprotrophic 5Psathyrellapiluliformis Saprotrophic 543Pseudoclitocybecyathiformis Saprotrophic 72Pseudocraterellusundulatus ECM 228Pseudoomphalinacompressipes Saprotrophic 15Psilocybecrobula Saprotrophic 2Psilocybephyllogena Saprotrophic 3Rhodocollybiabutyracea Saprotrophic 4843Rhodocollybiamaculata Saprotrophic 17Rhodocollybiaprolixa Saprotrophic 366Rickenellafibula Saprotrophic 13Ripartitestricholoma Saprotrophic 1Rugosomycescarneus Saprotrophic 3Russulaacrifolia ECM 447Russulaalbonigra ECM 4Russulaamethystina ECM 2Russulaaurora ECM 204Russulachloroides ECM 10Russulacyanoxantha ECM 618Russuladelica ECM 21Russuladensifolia ECM 6Russulafaginea ECM 5Russulafellea ECM 800Russulafoetens ECM 132Russulafragilis ECM 3Russulagrata ECM 28Russulagrisea ECM 106Russulaheterophylla ECM 2Russulaillota ECM 2Russulaintegra ECM 26Russulalangei ECM 14Russulaminutula ECM 2Russulanauseosa ECM 2Russulanigricans ECM 443Russulanobilis ECM 2268Russulaochroleuca ECM 3811Russulapostiana ECM 2Russulapseudointegra ECM 1Russulapuellaris ECM 36Russulaqueletii ECM 10Russularaoultii ECM 13Russularisigallina ECM 4Russularomellii ECM 97

Russularosea ECM 20Russularubra ECM 34Russulavesca ECM 28Russulavirescens ECM 5Sarcomyxaserotina Saprotrophic 15Strophariaaeruginosa Saprotrophic 47Suillusbovinus ECM 7Suillusgrevillei ECM 300Suillusviscidus ECM 168Tapinellaatrotomentosa Saprotrophic 92Tapinellapanuoides Saprotrophic 2Tephrocybeboudieri Saprotrophic 2Tephrocybeinolens Saprotrophic 1Tephrocybemurina Saprotrophic 38Tephrocybeputida Saprotrophic 9Tephrocyberancida Saprotrophic 59Trichocybepuberula Saprotrophic 2Tricholomabufonium ECM 1Tricholomainamoenum ECM 48Tricholomasaponaceum ECM 6Tricholomasciodes ECM 120Tricholomasulphureum ECM 12Tricholomaterreum ECM 39Tricholomaustale ECM 629Tricholomavirgatum ECM 3Tricholomopsisrutilans Saprotrophic 18Tubariaconspersa Saprotrophic 2Tubariafurfuracea Saprotrophic 4Tylopilusfelleus ECM 18Xerocomelluschrysenteron ECM 2017Xerocomellusporosporus ECM 16Xerocomelluspruinatus ECM 146

Fig. A2. The posterior distributions of spatial characteristics (range and field variance) from

the GMRF, estimated by logistic models of presence-absence data. One model is made for

each combination of plot, year and nutritional mode (ECM or saprotrophic, red and blue,

respectively). The vertical bars show the posterior distribution with a black dot representing

the expected tendencies of the distribution.

Fig. A3. The posterior distributions of spatial characteristics (range and field variance) from

the GMRF, estimated by zero-inflated Poisson models of the number of fruit bodies. One

model is made for each combination of plot, year and nutritional mode (ECM or saprotrophic,

red and blue, respectively). The vertical bars show the posterior distribution with a black dot

representing the expected tendency of the distribution.

Fig. A4. The posterior distributions of the zero-probability parameter estimated assuming a

zero-inflated Poisson likelihood for the fruit body counts. One model is made for each

combination of plot, year and nutritional mode (ECM or saprotrophic, red and blue,

respectively). The vertical bars show the posterior distribution for each year.

TableA5.StatisticaloutputfortheLinearMixedEffectmodelsassessingtherelationshipsbetweenthespatialcharacteristicsandthecovariates.Thestatisticalinformationfollowingisthebackgroundmodelsforallrelationshipsdisplayedbyfigure5.ThemodelsareweightedmixedeffectmodelsfollowingPinheiro&Bates2000.Allpredictorvariableswerescaledtozeromeanandunitvariance.

Variables:

Plot=plotidentity,factorof3levels.

Ranger=expectedvalueoftheposteriordistributionfromlogarithm(range,base=2),usedasresponse

Rsd=standarddeviationofposteriordistributionforrange,usedforfixedweights.

RaS=scaledRanger,usedasacovariate

Vario=expectedvalueoftheposteriordistributionfromlogarithm(fieldvariance,base=2),usedasresponse

Vsd=standarddeviationofposteriordistributionforfieldvariance,usedforfixedweights.

VaS=scaledVario,usedasacovariate

Pzero=expectedvalueoftheposteriordistributionfromlogarithm(zero-probability,base=2),usedasresponse

Psd=standarddeviationofposteriordistributionforzero-probability,usedforfixedweights.

PzS=scaledPzero,usedasacovariate

Nutri=factoroffunctionalgroups,i.e.ECMandsapro(saprotrophic).

Annualfruit=AnnualnumberofsporocarpsproducedseparatelyforECMandsaprotrophs,i.e.Yield.

Temp=scaledannualmeantemperature

Precsum=scaledannualsumprecipitation

Figure5a–qualitativedata,presenceandabsenceofsporocarps

1) Response=Range

AICBIClogLik

220.1853241.7353-101.0926

Randomeffects:

Formula:~+1|Plot

(Intercept)Residual

StdDev:0.28573510.9115303

Variancefunction:

Structure:fixedweights

Formula:~Rsd^2

Fixedeffects:Ranger~Nutri*temp+Nutri*VaS+temp*VaS

Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value

(Intercept) 3.0394180 0.2014885 79 15.084823 0.0000

NutriSapro -0.4670622 0.1512918 79 -3.087162 0.0028

temp -0.1705612 0.1033807 79 -1.649836 0.1029

VaS 0.8841560 0.1930089 79 4.580908 0.0000

NutriSapro:temp 0.2998804 0.1382360 79 2.169336 0.0331

NutriSapro:VaS -0.5267000 0.2217318 79 -2.375392 0.0200

temp:VaS 0.4255847 0.1331289 79 3.196786 0.0020

2) Response=Fieldvariance

PzSorthogonalizedbyNutriandAnnualfruit

AICBIClogLik

266.7438285.9975-125.3719

Randomeffects:

Formula:~+1|Plot

(Intercept)Residual

StdDev:0.35593110.8872559

Variancefunction:

Structure:fixedweights

Formula:~Vsd^2

Fixedeffects:Vario~Nutri*Annualfruit+RaS+PzS

Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value

(Intercept) 0.7491423 0.2459341 80 3.046110 0.0031

NutriSapro 0.0306236 0.2087667 80 0.146688 0.8837

Annualfruit 0.3825970 0.1229102 80 3.112817 0.0026

RaS 0.6572478 0.1265227 80 5.194701 0.0000

PzS 0.3918943 0.1034418 80 3.788550 0.0003

NutriSapro:Annualfruit -0.5960927 0.2530942 80 -2.355221 0.0210

PzSnotorthogonalizedbyNutriandAnnualfruit

Fixedeffects:Vario~Nutri*Annualfruit+RaS+PzS

Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value

(Intercept) 1.0809339 0.2623547 80 4.120125 0.0001

NutriSapro -0.6329595 0.2654915 80 -2.384104 0.0195

Annualfruit 1.0087599 0.2053349 80 4.912754 0.0000

RaS 0.6572478 0.1265227 80 5.194701 0.0000

PzS 0.8789813 0.2320100 80 3.788550 0.0003

NutriSapro:Annualfruit -0.5960927 0.2530942 80 -2.355221 0.0210

Figure5b–Zero-probabilityandyield

3) Response=Zero-probability

AICBIClogLik

-95.96924-76.7154955.98462

Randomeffects:

Formula:~+1|Plot

(Intercept)Residual

StdDev:5.701454e-074.225854

Variancefunction:

Structure:fixedweights

Formula:~Psd^2

Fixedeffects:Pzero~precsum+Nutri+temp*Annualfruit

Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value

(Intercept) 0.5436731 0.016382569 80 33.18607 0.0000

precsum -0.0305355 0.011921781 80 -2.56132 0.0123

NutriSapro 0.1641609 0.023136274 80 7.09539 0.0000

temp 0.0277831 0.011763433 80 2.36182 0.0206

Annualfruit -0.1586869 0.010958613 80 -14.48057 0.0000

temp:Annualfruit 0.0225441 0.007536644 80 2.99127 0.0037

4) Yield

AICBIClogLik

249.7495261.9628-119.8748

Randomeffects:

Formula:~+1|Plot

(Intercept)Residual

StdDev:0.34181590.9059503

Fixedeffects:Annualfruit~precsum+Nutri

Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value

(Intercept) 0.2827987 0.24001515 83 1.178254 0.2421

precsum 0.2122480 0.09713125 83 2.185167 0.0317

NutriSapro -0.5500812 0.19314924 83 -2.847959 0.0055

Figure5c–Quantitativedata,numberofsporocarpsconditionedonpresence

5) Response=Range

AICBIClogLik

212.9782225.1914-101.4891

Randomeffects:

Formula:~+1|Plot

(Intercept)Residual

StdDev:0.064171791.315609

Variancefunction:

Structure:fixedweights

Formula:~Rsd^2

Fixedeffects:Ranger~Nutri+PzS

Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value

(Intercept) 1.3234582 0.14142812 83 9.357815 0.0000

NutriSapro -0.4429968 0.19257782 83 -2.300352 0.0239

PzS 0.2050907 0.08713318 83 2.353761 0.0209

6) Response=Fieldvariance

AICBIClogLik

194.3896215.9397-88.19482

Randomeffects:

Formula:~+1|Plot

(Intercept)Residual

StdDev:0.33801681.12228

Variancefunction:

Structure:fixedweights

Formula:~Vsd^2

Fixedeffects:Vario~temp*precsum+PzS*Annualfruit

Value Std.Error DF t-value p-value

(Intercept) 0.2735341 0.20562685 79 1.330245 0.1873

temp -0.0257377 0.05994484 79 -0.429356 0.6688

precsum 0.0283452 0.06402202 79 0.442742 0.6592

PzS 1.2568080 0.09741140 79 12.902063 0.0000

Annualfruit 1.0296206 0.12589123 79 8.178653 0.0000

temp:precsum -0.1197409 0.05609365 79 -2.134661 0.0359

PzS:Annualfruit 0.2191924 0.04433829 79 4.943637 0.0000