ecology of crime (final)

7/31/2019 Ecology of Crime (Final)

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Focuses on:

The role of the environment in thedevelopment of peoples differentialpropensity to engage in crimes and

their differential exposure to settingsconducive to engage in acts of crime.


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Relationship between Day,

Season, Climate and Crime Most reported crimes occur during the

warm summer months of July and August Crime rates also may be higher on the first

day of the month than at any other time.


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Relationship betweenTemperature and Crime

Laboratory studies suggest that the associationbetween temperature and crime resembles aninverted V-shape curved.

0

0.51

1.5

2

2.5

33.5

85o

Temperature

Crim

eRate


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Crime rates increase with risingtemperature and then begin to not for any

physical exertion. However, field studies indicate that the

rates of some crime (such as domestic

assault), but not all of them (fore examplerape), continue to increase as temperaturerise.


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Research has also shown that a longstretch of highly uncomfortableweather is related to homicide rates,

indicating that the stress of long termexposure to extreme temperature mayprove sufficiently unpleasant and

increase violence rates.


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Criminologist Ellen Cohn and JamesRotton in their study of the relationship of

temperature to assault found evidence ofa highly significant effect, especiallyduring morning and evening hour.


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They found that a person is four timesmore likely to be assaulted at

midnight when the temperatureexceeds 90 degrees than whentemperature is 10 degrees below

zero.


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Population Density

Large urban areas have by far the highest violencerates. Areas with low per capita crime rates tend

to be rural. This findings are also supported byvictim data. Exceptions to this trend are lowpopulation resort areas with large transient andseasonal populations such as Atlantic City,

New Jersey and Massachusetts.


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Region

Crime rates vary by region.

Southern states have had

consistently higher crime rates inalmost all crime categories thanthose found in other regions of the

country.


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This date convinced some criminologist thatthere was a southern subculture of

violence. Through the lead has flipped-flopped in recent years between the southand the west. The illustrated figure

indicate that southern crime rates onceagain lead the nation.


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End of Report!!!

ecology of crime (final)

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