FINAL EXAM ECOLOGY REVIEW

2010

A=abiota B=biota

• Tree

• Rock

• Water

• Air

• Bird

• human

• B

• A

• A

• A (nonliving)

• B

• B (living)

Matching:

• Large area with similar climate, soil, and plants and animals

• The Planet of living and nonliving things

• All the organisms in a particular place + their nonliving environment

• ECOSYSTEM

• BIOSPHERE

BIOME

Matching:

• Large area with similar climate, soil, and plants and animals

• The Planet of living and nonliving things

• All the organisms in a particular place + their nonliving environment

• BIOME

• BIOSPHERE

• ECOSYSTEM

What is the difference between photosynthesis and

chemosynthesis? (answer below)• PHOTOSYNTHESIS-

• organisms capture sunlight to make food

• CHEMOSYNTHESIS-

• organisms use chemical energy (like sulfur) to make food

How do these relate?

• Autotrophs Heterotrophs Consumers Producers

• ANSWER: Autotrophs and Producers are plants that make food

• Heterotrophs are consumers that eat the producers

What would each of these eat?

• Carnivore

• Herbivore

• Omnivore

• Decomposer

• Detritivore

• Eat animals

• Eat plants

• Eat animals + plants

• Break down and eat dead organic matter

• Feed on plant and animal remains called detritus

How much energy is…

• Usually passed to the next energy level in an energy pyramid?

• A. 5%• B. 10%• C. 35%• D. 90%

• ANSWER: 10%

What contributes CO2 to the atmosphere?

• Detergents

• Auto exhausts

• Fertilizers

• Factories

• Ozone

• ANSWER: auto exhausts + factories

Which is a food chain and which is a food web?

WHAT AM I?

Which is a food chain and which is a food web?

WHAT AM I?

Producers? Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Consumers?

What converts unusable nitrogen into usable nitrogen?

• A. worms

• B. fungi

• C. nitrogen-fixing bacteria

• D. nitrogen-fixing birds

• ANSWER: C

Where is most of the phosphorus kept in the biosphere?

• A. rocks

• B. atmosphere

• C. bird poop

• D. Larry’s house

• ANSWER: A

What causes an algal bloom?

• A. large amounts of phosphorus runoff

• B. large amounts of carbon runoff

• C. large amounts of nitrogen runoff

• D. small amounts of mineral runoff

• ANSWER: A

What chemical form is carbon usually found in rocks? In the

atmosphere?

• A. CO2

• B. carbonate

• C. CO

• D. nitrates

• ANSWER: in rocks is carbonate

• in atmosphere is CO2

Which is a habitat and which is a niche?

• Bird’s hole in a tree

• Seed eater

• Seed disperser

• Bird’s nest

• Hudson Spring’s Park

• Food for a hawk

• Habitat (address)

• Niche (job)

• Niche

• Habitat

• Habitat

• Niche

What are the three most abundant greenhouse gases?

• A. water vapor

• B. nitrogen oxide

• C. carbon dioxide

• D. methane

• E. phosphates

• ANSWERL A, C, D

What criteria determine a terrestrial biome?

• Type of fish• Climate• Type of soil• Plants and animals• Type of people

• ANSWER: climate, soil, plants and animals

What is a wetland?

• A. lake

• B. stream

• C. marsh

• D. ocean

• ANSWER: marsh (water covers the land part of the time)

WHICH BIOME?

• Less than 25 cm of rainfall

• Cacti

• Bobcats, mule deer, beetles, rattlesnakes

• Mexico, US, Africa, Asia

• ANSWER: DESERT

WHICH BIOME?

• Hot and wet year round

• Ferns, large woody vines and climbing plants, orchids

• Sloths, tapirs, jaguars, monkeys, toucans, butterflies

• S. and central Am., SE Asia

• ANSWER: Tropical rainforest

WHICH BIOME?

• Humus soil

• Cold to moderate winters, warm summers, fertile soils

• Deciduous trees, some conifers

• Deer, black bears, squirrels, raccoons, turkeys, songbirds

• ANSWER: Temperate Deciduous Forest

WHICH BIOME?

• Permafrost

• Mosses, lichens, short grasses

• Musk ox, Arctic foxes, caribou

• Northern NA, N. Asia, N. Europe

• ANSWER: TUNDRA

In a food chain, what organisms are usually the decomposers?

• A. birds

• B. snakes

• C. plants

• D. bacteria and fungi

• ANSWER: D

Saprophyte? Scavenger?

• What kind of organism moves to and eats the dead organism?

• ANSWER: scavenger (vulture)

• From decaying organic matter?

• ANSWER: saprophyte (fungus)

MATCH

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

• Both organisms benefit

• One organism benefits and the other is not harmed

• Organism lives in or on another and harms it

MATCH

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

• Organism lives in or on another and harms it

• One organism benefits and the other is not harmed

• Both organisms benefit

In a food pyramid…

• Which organisms are in the greatest amount and why?

• ANSWER: plants (producers), need to feed all the other organisms

Identify

• Primary species?• Climax species?• Primary or Secondary

succession?

• ANSWER:• Lichen,mosses• Fir, birch• Primary (no soil)

What goes in each level of energy pyramid?

What goes in each level of energy pyramid?

Tertiary consumer

Secondary consumer

Primary consumer

Producer

The total amount of living tissue in a given tropic level would be:

• A. biomass

• B. biome

• C. biotic

• D. biology

• ANSWER: biomass

What is permafrost?

• A. ice in the tundra

• B. snow in the taiga

• C. permanently frozen subsoil of the tundra

• D. permanently frozen subsoil of the taiga

• ANSWER: C

Identify as Predator/Prey or Competition

• Lynx chases the hare

• Two robins vie for same sunflower seeds

• Lion and tiger both eat antelope

• Pred/Prey

• Competition

• Competition and Pred/Prey

Coniferous or Deciduous?

• Pine Tree• Coniferous• Oak Tree• Deciduous• Cherry Tree• Deciduous• Blue Spruce• Coniferous

Coniferous = needles, evergreen

Deciduous = sheds leaves annually

What type of graph?

•BOOM OR BUST

Boom or bust? Exponential growth?

Logistic growth?

• Exponential growth

• Logistic growth Type of graph?

Clumped? Random? Uniform?

Clumped? Random? Uniform?

What do you call…

• Carrying capacity• Logistic growth• Limiting factor• Biological magnificationANSWER: Biological

magnification(vol. of chemical increases as you go up the food chain)