Economic Geology

Mineral resources Renewable

Can be replaced in a humans life time

Non-renewable

Limited supply Can not be

replaced in a humans lifetime

Ores Mineral deposit from which a metal or

nonmetal can be profitably extracted

Native Elements Native element minerals are those

elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure.

Clicker Wood is considered…

A. A renewable resource B. A non-renewable resource C. Neither D. It is not a resource

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Mineral ores formation Cooling of magma

When magma cools dense material sink to the bottom

Contact metamorphism Magma comes in contact with rocks Rock changes Dissolve minerals forming veins

Mineral ores formation Placer deposits

accumulation of valuable minerals formed by gravity separation during sedimentary processes.

Dissolving Precipitating Water dissolves minerals Water evaporates and minerals precipitate out

Homework Study Table 11-1 (p. 197). Name 4

metallic minerals and 4 non-metallic minerals that you have used in the last few days and describe what they were used for.

Mining video Revised definition of a ore:

Any mineral or MATERIAL that has economic value

Types of ores mined from Earth Metallic

Copper Gold Silver Graphite

Non-metallic Diamonds/ gemstones Salt Gypsum

Fuel Oil Natural gas Coal Uranium

Michigan common ores Aggregate

Sand, gravel Used for construction

Halite / Brine Salt/ Salt water

Used for food Deicing (lowers freezing point of water)

Iron ore Used for industry

Copper Wires Coins

Fossil fuels Organic material that has stored energy

Made of hydrocarbons (consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon)

Clicker

Aggregate is an important ore. Is it a mineral?

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Fossil fuels non-renewable Can not be replaced in our lifetime

MILLIONS OF YEARS to form

When fossil fuels are burned Combustion reaction CO2 and H2O vapor

Negative impactsMining/ processing Fossil fuels

Fuel resources Coal:

Carbonization: dense forests in low-lying wetland areas, buried under mud and soil.

Uses: Primarily burned for electricity

Efficiency: <47%

Environmental effects: Acid rain from high sulfur content Greenhouse gases Smog

Fuel resources Crude oil:

formed when large quantities of dead organisms, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to intense heat and pressure.

Uses: Transportation Petroleum products

Efficiency: <67%

Environmental effects: Greenhouse gasses Oil spills Drilling

Fuel resources Natural gas:

formed when layers of buried plants and animals are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years.

Uses: ranges and ovens, gas-heated dryers,

heating Efficiency:

<90% Environmental effects:

Greenhouse gasses

Fuel resources Uranium:

Radioactive element, mined as a ore. Uses:

Nuclear fission Splitting of a nucleus of an atom

Power Efficiency:

<99% Environmental effects:

Radioactive waste Mining

Clicker question Which fossil fuel has the highest efficiency?

a) Natural gasb) Oil c) Uranium d) Coal SMART Response Question

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Nuclear energy