economic policy reforms in the lee myung-bak administration

8/3/2019 Economic Policy Reforms in the Lee Myung-bak Administration

1/15

655>

Lkvjmp J`kakg~


2/15

@katjatp

Umv N3 kvnr md Gm`v`gn`

Nz

Lkvjmp Ajmv'Tjvg J`kakgn` Uvkpuj`tp mad

@hmiijabjp

Pzfnv Imii mad Ijno I~fj`ljv Jpljpja ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! =

Bikfmi Onama`nmi @vnpnp mad thj Lkvjma J`kakg~3

Nppzjp mad Ujvpuj`tnjp

U~k Hml'lni ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8

Umv NN3 Onm`nmi Nnzn md Gmvl

Thj Ngum`t ko Z!P! Onama`nmi mad J`kakgn`

Dnptvjpp ka Pkzth Lkvjm

Thkgmp @mvbnii ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! =:

Thj Rmii Ptvjjt Uman` mad thj Lkvjma J`kakg~

Lng Dkab'hrma ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6:

Umv NNN3 pvz`zvmi Vovg

J`kakgn` Ukin`~ Vjokvgp na thj Ijj G~zab'fml

Mdgnanptvmtnka

Tka~ Gn`hjii ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 00

Tmx Vjokvg na Lkvjm

Vmadmii Ckajp ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4:

Umv N_3 jxvmi Nz

Z!P!'Lkvjm J`kakgn` Vjimtnkap3

_njr ovkg Pjkzi

Hma Dkabgma ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ::

M Rmphnabtka Ujvpuj`tnj

Ckvdma Hjnfjv mad

Cjaanojv P`hz`h'Umbj ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ?4

Umv _3 avh Lvm j`gn`

Diug md jxvmi Vimn

Jabmbjgjat ka thj Gmvbnap3 @mum`nt~ Fznidnab

na Akvth Lkvjm

Fjvahmvd Pjinbjv! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ?2

Akvth Lkvjm mad Natjvamtnkami Onama`nmi

Kvbmansmtnkap3 Ukintn`mi mad J`kakgn` Fmvvnjvp

tk @kkujvmtnka

Ijj Pmab'h~za ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2?


3/15

PTVZ@TZVMI VJOKVG 00

Ptvz`tzvmi vjokvg

j`kAkgN` UkiN`^ vjokvgP NA tHj ijj g^zAB'FmL mDgNANPtvmtNkA

F~ Tka~ Gn`hjii

Un~ ad Bf `npnp

Fjtrjja rnaanab thj jij`tnka na Dj`jgfjv 6552

mad tmlnab ko`j na Ojfvzmv~ 6558) Ijj G~zab'

fml mad hnp mdgnanptvmtnka pljt`hjd kzt m gmppnj

vjokvg uvkbvmg thmt rkzid uktjatnmii~ mooj`t jjv~

mpuj`t ko Lkvjmp j`kakgn` mad pk`nmi inoj) ovkg thj

kvbmansmtnka ko gnanptvnjp) thvkzbh gm`vkj`kakgn`

ukin`njp) uvnmtnsmtnka) tmxmtnka) jdz`mtnka vjokvg)mad thj vjptvz`tzvnab ko ukin`njp mooj`tnab imad dj'

jikugjat ovkg skanab tk gmppnj naovmptvz`tzvj

uvkcj`tp natjadjd tk czgu ptmvt thj Lkvjma j`kakg~!

Umvt ko thnp ukin`~ rmp mngjd mt vkiinab fm`l =5 ~jmvp

ko pk'`miijd uvkbvjppnj bkjvagjat) mad umvt rmp tk

tv~ tk hmabj thj rm~ thj Lkvjma j`kakg~ rkvljd

f~ kujanab gz`h gkvj ko nt tk uvnmtj jatjvuvnpj

mad gmvljt okv`jp!

Thnp mvtnìj) vmthjv thma uvkndnab m `kguvjhjapnj

kjvnjr ko thj ptvz`tzvmi nppzjp) mddvjppjp m pjij`t

azgfjv ko nppzjp thmt gm~ fj njrjd mp hmvm`tjvns'nab thj Ijj G~zab'fml mdgnanptvmtnkap gmna ukin`~

thjgjp! Thj muuvkm`h np imvbji~ `hvkakikbn`mi fj'

`mzpj gz`h ko thj fmttij uima dnd akt pzvnj katm`t

rnth thj jajg~) fzt thj gjmpzvj ko thj mdgnanptvm'

tnka np hkr nt hmp mdmutjd tk ajr nv`zgptma`jp mad

tk kuukpntnka tk ntp `kvj j`kakgn` ukin`njp!

Lkvjm np jxukpjd tk thj bikfmi `vnpnp thmt np akr

jabziab thj rkvid) czpt mp ma~ kthjv j`kakg~!

Uvjpndjat Ijj rmvajd Lkvjmap jmvi~ natk hnp tjvg

na ko`j thmt Lkvjm om`jd m pjjvj tjpt `kgnab

ovkg kjvpjmp) fzt thjvj rmp ak nggjdnmtj m`tnka!

Lkvjmap) inlj thj ntnsjap ko gma~ kzatvnjp) dnd akt

pjj thj `kaaj`tnka fjtrjja rhmt rmp ptnii pjja na

Ojfvzmv~ 6558 mp Mgjvn`mp pzfuvngj uvkfijg mad

thj jxukvt'ijd j`kakg~ ko Lkvjm! Thj vnpnp jxukpjd

na m gmttjv ko gkathp jjv~ rjmlajpp na jjv~

`kguma~ mad jjv~ pj`tkv mad jjv~ j`kakg~ thmt

gnbht hmj fjja rkvljd kzt kjv m gmttjv ko ~jmvp!

Thj }zjptnkap mvj rhjthjv thj ukin`njp mdkutjd f~

thj Ijj G~zab'fml mdgnanptvmtnka dzvnab ntp vpt

~jmv na ko`j rjvj muuvkuvnmtj mad rhjthjv nt np

ozii~ zpnab thj jxujvnja`j ko thj umpt!

Thj vpt thnab tk ptmtj np thmt thj bikfmi `vnpnp hmp

migkpt ak vjpjgfima`j tk thj pk'`miijd Lkvjma NGO

`vnpnp ko =>>2>8! Na =>>2>8) thj Lkvjma dkgjptn`

j`kakg~ kiimupjd mp thj `hmjfkiomnijd tk um~ fm`l

thjnv fmal ikmap) dvmbbnab dkra thj fmalp mp rjii!

Na thj impt dm~p ko =>>2) okvjnba jx`hmabj vjpjvjp

rjvj jxhmzptjd! Thj jx`hmabj vmtj ko thj rka tk

thj dkiimv ojii ovkg >55 tk migkpt 6)555) mad nggj'

dnmtji~ jxukvtp bvjr rhnij thj dkgjptn` j`kakg~

`katnazjd tk katvm`t!

Na 65585> thj nppzj rmp thj `kiimupj ko jxukvtp

dvnja f~ thj `kiimupj ko thj rkvid j`kakg~) mad

Lkvjmp dkgjptn` j`kakg~ djìnajd imtjv! Tkdm~)

thj dkgjptn` j`kakg~ np jxuj`tjd tk jxujvnja`j m

omnvi~ phmiikr vj`jppnka) rnth thj jxukvt j`kakg~

mivjmd~ jxujvnja`nab m gmppnj `katvm`tnka! Za'

inlj =>>2>8) gma~ Lkvjma `kgumanjp akr mvj

`mph vn`h rnth vjimtnji~ ikr djft'j}znt~ vmtnkp!

Thj vj`kjv~ p`jamvnk np fmpjd ka jxukvtp ijmdnab)

mad dkgjptn` djgmad vj`kjv~ okiikrnab) rnth

naovmptvz`tzvj najptgjat `kgnab ìkpj fjhnad mt

thj fm`l jad ko 655>! Imbbnab pj`tkvp mvj inlji~

tk fj pjgn`kadz`tkvp mad `kaptvz`tnka (jpuj`nmii~

dkgjptn` mad kggjv`nmi fznidnab.!=

=! Okv ma ko`nmi ptmtnptn`mi `kgumvnpka rnth m ama`nmi pimat) pjj Thj Lkvjma J`kakg~3 =>>2 p! 6558) J`kakgn` Fziijtna(Gnanptv~ ko Ptvmtjb~ mad Onama`j) Vjuzfin` ko Lkvjm. 05) ak! =6 (Dj`jgfjv 6558.3 6?) httu3++jabinph!gkpo!bk!lv+uzfin`+dnvj`tnka[inpt!uhu;pj`t7uzfp[j`kakgn`!


4/15

04 THJ LKVJM J@KAKGN@ NAPTNTZTJ

Thj ptvjabthp thmt Lkvjmp uvjnkzp jxujvnja`j

fvnabp tk thj uvjpjat pntzmtnka mvj3

LkvjmMppjtGmambjgjat@kvukvmtnka(LMG'

@K.npmajx`jiijatjhn`ijokvhmadinabtkxn`

mppjtpnathjama`nmipj`tkv2>8


5/15

PTVZ@TZVMI VJOKVG 0:

pjiinab thj nadjftjd `kgumanjppz`h mp Rkkvn)

Dmjrkk Phnufznidnab mad Jabnajjvnab) H~zadmn

@kaptvz`tnka) mad kthjvpthmt hmd fjja zadjv ptmtj

fmal krajvphnu pna`j thj `vnpnp ko thj =>>5p! Thj

vjtvjmt ovkg hkidnab mppjtp rkzid hjiu vjnanbkvmtj

thj j`kakg~! @kvukvmtj tmx ztp rkzid ptngzimtj thj

uvnmtj pj`tkv) rnth na`kgj tmx ztp okiikrnab! Ujamitmxjp ka pjiinab vjmi jptmtj rkzid fj vjgkjd!

Hnbh Hkujp mad Jmvi~ Dnpniizpnkagjat

Thj ~jmv 6558 kujajd rnth jxuj`tmtnkap ko m hnbh

ijji ko j`kakgn` bvkrth! jmv ka ~jmv thj j`kakg~

rmp ujvokvgnab mt ntp fjpt okv jnbht }zmvtjvp na

thj vpt }zmvtjv ko thj ~jmv) mt :!? ujv`jat) hmnab

pzptmnajd m vnpnab aktj dzvnab thj impt trk }zmvtjvp

ko 6552) mad `kadja`j rmp hnbh thmt thj ajr

uvjpndjat) rhk tkkl ko`j ka 6: Ojfvzmv~ 6558)

rkzid tmlj thj `kzatv~p fzpnajpp tk m ajr ijji!Thj kzatv~ rmp thkzbht tk fj nggzaj tk rhmt rmp

ptnii pjja mp m Z!P! pzfuvngj gkvtbmbj vnpnp) rhnij

thj hjnbhtp thmt `kggkdnt~ uvn`jp rkzid vjm`h f~

Czi~ rjvj ptnii zaokvjpjja! Gkathi~ jxukvtp rjvj

bvkrnab mt 6505 ujv`jat ~jmv ka ~jmv!

Thj mdgnanptvmtnka vj`kbansjd thmt umvt ko thj

ptngzizp tk thj j`kakg~ kzid fj m`hnjjd thvkzbh

gm`vk ukin`~ fzt thmt gz`h ko thj zadjvrvntnab ko

bvkrth rkzid vj}znvj m omnvi~ gmppnj ijbnpimtnj

uvkbvmg! Thnp `kzid akt fj mttjgutjd zatni m ajr

Amtnkami Mppjgfi~) tk fj jij`tjd na Muvni 6558) rmppjmtjd na Czaj fj`mzpj zatni thja thj Ijj mdgnanp'

tvmtnka rkzid akt hmj m gmckvnt~! Djjikunab thj

ijbnpimtnka rkzid tmlj zatni mt ijmpt Pjutjgfjv) mad

m vmot ko vjokvg ijbnpimtnka rkzid `kgj natk jooj`t

na Cmazmv~ 655>!

Thj tmpl ko ndjatno~nab mad uvjumvnab thnp vjokvg

ijbnpimtnka rmp bnja tk m ajr @kza`ni ka Amtnkami

@kgujtntnjajpp vjukvtnab dnvj`ti~ tk thj uvjpndjat

mad ijd f~ thj dnptnabznphjd j`kakgnpt) PmLkab Ni!

Thnp `kza`ni rmp tk rkvl ka `vjmtnab m fzpnajpp'

ovnjadi~ janvkagjat! Na umvtn`zimv nt rmp vj`kbansjd

thmt thj umt`hrkvl ko ijbnpimtnka ovkg 4: ~jmvp ko

vmund bvkrth ajjdjd `kguvjhjapnj vjokvg! Na Czi~

PmLkab uknatjd tk thj ajjd okv `kguvjhjapnj

imrp3

Okv pkgj vjbzimtkv~ vjokvgp) gkvj thma kaj

vjijmat imr ajjdp tk fj vjnpjd! Ndjmii~)

thjvjokvj) no rj hmj m puj`nmi `kguvjhja'

pnj imr) djvjbzimtnka `ma fj dkaj gkvj

jo`njati~! Hkrjjv) rj hmj tk djmi rnth

ijbnpimtnj vjmint~ na rhn`h ujvpzmdnab thj

Amtnkami Mppjgfi~ tk umpp pz`h m imr rniiakt fj jmp~! Akajthjijpp) rj rnii tv~ tk ujv'

pzmdj thj Amtnkami Mppjgfi~ tk ijbnpimtj m

azgfjv ko `kguvjhjapnj imrp na puj`n`

mvjmp) pk thmt djvjbzimtnka na thjpj mvjmp ma

fj jxujdntjd!6

@kvj tk thj 242 uvkbvmg rmp thj }zn`l nguijgja'

tmtnka ko thj Z!P!'Lkvjm Ovjj Tvmdj Mbvjjgjat

(LKVZP OTM.) rhn`h rmp imabznphnab na fkth

thj Lkvjma Amtnkami Mppjgfi~ mad Z!P! @kabvjpp)

fj`mzpj `kvj tk Ijjp jatnvj bikfmi ptvmtjb~ rmp tk

umvl Lkvjm na thj Z!P! umvlnab ikt) na miinma`j rnthCmuma) m ukintn`mi bkmi thmt nguin`nti~ `imphjd rnth

thj ajjd tk `kkujvmtj rnth @hnam) rhn`h akr tkkl

60 ujv`jat ko Lkvjmp jxukvtp! Migkpt `jvtmnai~ na

thj gnadp ko thj mdnpjvp) ajmvi~ mii na thjnv imtj ?5p)

rmp thj fjinjo thmt thj Z!P! j`kakg~ ptnii tkkl ikpjv

tk 45 ujv`jat ko Lkvjmp jxukvtp mp nt hmd dkaj na

thj =>>5p) rhja gkpt ko thjg impt hjid ko`j) mad

akt thj =5== ujv`jat thmt krjd ovkg Lkvjm tk thj

Zantjd Ptmtjp na 6558!

Thj kaj thnab thmt hjid zu thj LKVZP OTM) thj

uvjpndjat rmp mdnpjd) rmp thj nppzj ko mdgnttnabZ!P! fjjo) mad) na m hzvv~ tk uzph thnabp mikab) thj

uvjpndjat mbvjjd ka hnp npnt tk thj Zantjd Ptmtjp na

Muvni 6558 tk m``jut thj fjjo zadjv m pinbhti~ ikrjv

ptmadmvd ko pzujvnpnka thma m azgfjv ko kthjv kza'

tvnjp! Ak kaj uvjpjat mt thj Lkvjm'Z!P! tmilp `kzid

hmj hmd ma~ `ka`jutnka ko hkr ptvkab thj uzfin`

vjm`tnka tk thnp rkzid fj! Nt np ngukvtmat okv thj

Z!P! pndj tk vjminsj thmt thnp rmp akt ma matnokvjnba

gkjgjat fzt m pukatmajkzp jxuikpnka ko uzfin`

dnp`katjat rnth thj pt~ij mad uvkbvmg ko thj ajr

bkjvagjat) na rhn`h thj gmckvnt~ ko thj Lkvjma

ujkuij ojit thj~ rjvj tvjmtjd inlj jguik~jjp ko Lk'

vjm Na`! mad akt `ntnsjap ko thj Vjuzfin` ko Lkvjm!

Thj mami uvkbvmg) rhn`h thvjmtjajd tk kjvtmlj thj

fjjo nppzj mp m gmttjv ko dnp`katjat) mipk dnptzvfjd

6! PJVN Natjvnjr3 Uvjpndjatnmi @kza`ni ka Amtnkami @kgujtntnjajpp3 @hmnvgma PmLkab Ni) PJVN ]zmvtjvi~) Czi~ 6558)rrr!pjvnrkvid!kvb+p}+rid]Mvtn`ij!htgi;g`d76555/up}765585656/pp}7/mtpj}70?!


6/15

0? THJ LKVJM J@KAKGN@ NAPTNTZTJ

jjv~ aktnka ko rhmt gmdj pjapj okv thj amtnka! Thj

uvktjptp amii~ omdjd motjv migkpt trk gkathp) rnth

pkgj fm`lnab dkra f~ thj bkjvagjat) fzt nt rmp

ìjmv thmt thj mdgnanptvmtnka hmd ikpt thj kadja`j

ko thj ukuzimtnka!

Thj ptvjabth ko thj uvktjpt) rhnij akt kjvthvkr'nab thj bkjvagjat) gmdj ma mdgnanptvmtnka mi'

vjmd~ ajvkzp mfkzt maprjvnab `vntn`npg ovkg ntp

jij`tkvmtj jja gkvj naìnajd tk fj djojapnj mad

akatvmapumvjat) m fmd uvj`kadntnka okv thj bkjva'

gjat mad thj kzatv~ mp thj~ muuvkm`hjd thj rkvpt

bikfmi `vnpnp thmt ma~kaj minj na 6558 hmd om`jd!

Djpuntj m ukkv phkrnab f~ thj ko`nmi kuukpntnka na

thj Muvni 6558 jij`tnkap) thj mdgnanptvmtnka hmp) tk

dmtj) fjja zamfij tk gzptjv ntp ozii umujv gmckvnt~ na

thj Amtnkami Mppjgfi~) mad umppmbj ko thj LKVZP

OTM f~ thj Lkvjma mppjgfi~ np akr pjt okv Gm~

655> mt thj jmvinjpt! Hja`j PmLkabp mztnkzp aktjna Czi~ 6558) `ntjd mfkj) mad hja`j thj om`t thmt)

motjv kaj ~jmv ko ukrjv) migkpt akaj ko thj ijbnpim'

tnka thmt rmp uvkukpjd na Cmazmv~Ojfvzmv~ 6558

np ajmv thj ptmtztj fkkl!

Mt thj pmgj tngj) Gnanptjv Lmabp gmanuzimtnka ko

thj rka hmd zupjt thj fzpnajpp kggzant~) mzpnab

gmppnj ikppjp mgkab gma~ jxukvtjvp rhk rjvj

hjdbjd tk `kjv vnpjp na thj mizj ko thj rka) fzt

m`tzmii~ hmd `kzatjvumvt~ hjdbjp (thj pk'`miijd

LNLK mad kthjv djvnmtnjp. thmt okv`jd thjg tk

um~ thj fmalp no thj rka hjmdjd pkzth! Thnp vjmtjd`kapndjvmfij umna mgkab pgmii' mad gjdnzg'pnsj

jxukvtjvp! Thj jooj`t hmp fjja tk gmlj Lkvjmap) mi'

rm~p gkvj zapzvj mfkzt thj oztzvj ko thjnv j`kakg~

thma kztpndj kfpjvjvp) gz`h gkvj uvkaj tk uman`p

mad vzgkvp thma gnbht kthjvrnpj hmj fjja thj mpj

mp Lkvjm jatjvjd thj bikfmi `vnpnp!

Naomtnka mad Vj`jppnka) Gm~ 6558Cmazmv~ 655>

Ovkg Gm~ 6558 tk thj jad ko thj ~jmv thj Lkvjma

j`kakg~ ingfjd m puj`zimtnj gkzatmna mad thja

pind dkra thj inoo ko j`kakgn` pikrdkra! Thnp np m

uhjakgjaka niizptvmtjd na migkpt mii dmtm) ovkg kzt'

uzt tk namtnka) fzt nt np rjii niizptvmtjd f~ Onbzvj =)

rhn`h phkrp thj ikab'tjvg gkathi~ ujvokvgma`j ko

jxukvtp mad ngukvtp! Thj vjdz`tnka na thj mizj ko thj

rka mipk mgj mt jxm`ti~ thj rvkab gkgjat na tjvgp

ko namtnka fj`mzpj jja mt xjd jx`hmabj vmtjp mii

thj ngukvtjd nauztp natk thj Lkvjma j`kakg~ pkmvjd

na uvn`j) fzt) kzuijd rnth thj puj`zimtnj ujmlp tk

Czi~ 6558 mad m omiinab rka) nt gjmat ma ngujadnab

uvkfijg okv jjv~ umvt ko thj Lkvjma j`kakg~ ovkg

hkzpjhkidp tk fmalp mad gmazom`tzvjvp! Na mddntnka)

nt `vjmtjd m `zvvjat m``kzat dj`nt! Okvtzamtji~ thj

`kiimupj ko rkvid `kggkdnt~ uvn`jp `mgj na tngj

tk pmj thj Lkvjma j`kakg~ ovkg namtnkamv~ pjio'djptvz`tnka) mad m ajr pjt ko uvkfijgp `kaovkatjd

Lkvjmp ukin`~gmljvp!

5

:)555

=5)555

=:)555

65)555

6:)555

05)555

0:)555

45)555

4:)555

=+=+65

5>

=+=+65

58

=+=+65

52

=+=+65

5?

=+=+65

5:

=+=+65

54

=+=+65

50

=+=+65

56

Ngukvtp

Jxukvtp

Onbzvj =3 Ujvokvgma`j ko Jxukvtp mad Ngukvtp na

Lkvjm) 6556jmvi~ 655>

Pkzv`j3 Gnanptv~ ko Lakrijdbj J`kakg~) Pjkzi) 655>!

Gniinkap ko dkiimvp

Thj nggjdnmtj ijbm`~) rhn`h rjnbhjd hjmni~ ka

thj rka) rmp thj `zvvjat m``kzat dj`nt vza'zu

rhja kni rmp vnpnab tkrmvd $=:5 ujv fmvvji! Ka m

gkathi~ fmpnp) mp uvn`jp mad ngukvtp ojii na umvmiijirnth jxukvtp) m zvvjat m``kzat pzvuizp vjtzvajd! Ptnii

Lkvjm vma m ajbmtnj fmima`j ko mfkzt $=6 fniinka

okv thj vpt tngj pna`j =>>8) mad thnp rjnbhjd hjm'

ni~ ka thj rka! Thj gmna uvkfijg dzvnab thj impt

okzv gkathp ko 6558 mad kabknab na 655> vjgmnajd

fznidnab kadja`j na thj rka!

Na jm`h pz``jppnj }zmvtjv ko 6558) bvkrth rmp

ikrjv) fzt akt zatni K`tkfjv dnd jxukvtp jmpj thjnv

vjijatijpp ~jmv'ka'~jmv bvkrth mad fjbna tk djìnaj!

Onbzvj = phkrp thmt jxukvtp ujmljd na Czi~ 6558) fzt

f~ Cmazmv~ 655> jxukvtp rjvj fm`l mt thj ijji ko655:) tjgukvmvni~ rnunab kzt thvjj ~jmvp ko jxukvt'

ijd bvkrth!

Ikr Jxuj`tmtnkap) Puvnab 655>

M pzggmv~ ko thj m`hnjjgjatp ko thj Ijj mdgnanp'

tvmtnka na ntp vpt ~jmv np akt jv~ ukpntnj! Na tjvgp ko


7/15


gm`vkj`kakgn` ukin`~) thj ptmfnint~ ko thj j`kakg~

hmd fjja rjmljajd uvnkv tk thj ozii ozv~ ko thj vnpnp

thmt hnt Lkvjm ka thj kiimupj ko Ijhgma Fvkthjv ka

=: Pjutjgfjv 6558) rhnij thj fzpnajpp'ovnjadi~ ijb'

npimtnj vjokvg rmp akt ~jt ka thj ptmtztj fkkl! Natjv

minm) thj ngujadnab pmij ko Dmjrkk Phnufznidnab mad

Jabnajjvnab mad bkjvagjat hkidnabp na fmalp hmdtk fj ukptukajd mp thj Lkvjma ptk`l gmvljt nadjx)

LKPUN) pind ovkg mvkzad =855 tk mvkzad =555 mad

thj mfnint~ ko thj gmckv Lkvjma `kgumanjp tk ozad

ijjvmbjd tmljkjvp dnpmuujmvjd! Mt thj pmgj tngj)

na tjvgp ko hmadinab thj dkgjptn` jooj`tp ko thj vn'

pnp) thj ptjmd~ phkjinab ko vjimtnji~ pgmii mgkzatp

ko gkaj~ f~ thj Fmal ko Lkvjm mad thj Gnanptv~ ko

Ptvmtjb~ mad Onama`j thvkzbh jxnptnab gj`hmanpgp

rmp rjii dkaj! Ozvthjv) mp djp`vnfjd fjikr) na Mz'

bzpt 6558) thj uvjpndjat maakza`jd m ajr npnka

ko m bvjja mad bvjmt Lkvjm thmt uvkukpjd m gmckv

mddntnkami jabnaj ko j`kakgn` mad pk`nmi ukin`~ madthmt kzid vjuim`j thj nii'`ka`jnjd mami!

Lkvjm om`jp trk j`kakgn` `hmiijabjp) kaj ovkg

natjvami j`kakgn` uim~jvp mad kaj ovkg jxtjvami

uim~jvp! Ka thj rhkij) Lkvjmap mvj gz`h gkvj ajbm'

tnj mfkzt thjnv j`kakg~ thma thj jxtjvami uim~jvp

mvj< thj~ mvj gkvj inlji~ tk ngmbnaj okvth`kgnab

`vnpjp rnthkzt mddnab zu thj azgfjvp< mad ko kzvpj

thj~ mvj gkvj inlji~ tk jabmbj na okvjnba jx`hmabj

hkmvdnab) rhn`h hmp migkpt thj pmgj jooj`t mp mun'

tmi nbht na thj phkvt tjvg fzt `ma fj gkvj jmpni~

vjjvpjd! Okvjnba uim~jvp tjad tk ikkl mt thj gm`vkazgfjvp mad fj`kgj ajvkzp no thjvj np m `zvvjat

m``kzat dj`nt< fjinjj gm`vk okvj`mptp thmt hmj

m ingntjd fmpnp na Lkvjma vjmint~< mad ikkl mt kthjv

gm`vk umvmiijipko rhn`h thj gkpt pnban`mat mvj

thj jv~ hnbh vmtnk tk BDU ko Lkvjma hkzpjhkid

djft) vmalnab na thj tku j na thj rkvid mikabpndj

thj Zantjd Lnabdkg mad Mzptvminm) mad thj hnbh

mgkzat ko kjvpjmp okvjnba jx`hmabj fkvvkrnab

f~ Lkvjma fmalprnthkzt ikklnab mt thj `mzpj

mad thj `hmaaji!

Thjpj trk djft bzvjp mvj ngukvtmat fj`mzpj thj~hmj puj`nmi Lkvjma ojmtzvjp! Thj ijji ko hkzpj'

hkid djft np `zvnkzp bnja thj im`l ko >5 ujv`jat

gkvtbmbjp thmt rkzid jxuimna nt na thj kthjv trk

`mpjp! Nt pjjgp tk fj vjimtjd tk thj zpj) rhn`h np

jx`jutnkamii~ hnbh) ko `vjdnt `mvdp na thj j`kakg~

okv akvgmi tvmapm`tnkap mad thj ajjd tk fkvvkr tk

um~ okv jdz`mtnka! Mp okv thj mgkzat ko phkvt'tjvg

okvjnba jx`hmabj fkvvkrnab) thj Natjvamtnkami Gka'

jtmv~ Ozad (NGO. hmp djgkaptvmtjd thmt mfkzt hmio

np vjimtjd tk thj phnufznidnab nadzptv~ mad thj kthjv

hmio tk gkvj akvgmi fzpnajpp uvm`tn`jp rnth pkgj

`mvv~ tvmdj m`tnntnjp vjimtjd tk thj~ja! Na mddntnka)

gkvj thma hmio ko thj djft np hmadijd f~ fvma`hjp

ko okvjnba fmalp na Lkvjm) rhn`h gjmap djomzitp f~ijadjvp fj`kgj thj uvkfijg ko okvjnba fmalp mad

akt dkgjptn` fmalp!

Ovkg imtj Akjgfjv 6558) rhja ZFP uvjdn`tjd

thmt Lkvjm rkzid jxujvnja`j 0 ujv`jat bvkrth

okv 655>) zatni Ojfvzmv~ 655> rhja thj NGO uvj'

dn`tjd 4 ujv`jat) thj `kzatv~p dj`npnka gmljvp

rjvj na djanmi! Ak kaj na Lkvjm vjminsjd thmt thj

bikfmi j`kakgn` `kiimupj `kzid fj pk ompt) ijmpt

ko mii thj bvkzu mvkzad thj uvjpndjat) gjgfjvp ko

rhn`h rjvj ptnii dvjmgnab ko hnbhjv mad akt ikrjv

bvkrth! Lmab Gma'pkk zpjd thj gnanptv~p gm`hna'jv~ tk dnp`kzvmbj uvkojppkvp mad ckzvaminptp ovkg

gmlnab ujppngnptn` okvj`mptp mad rmp gjam`jd f~

ma maka~gkzp fikbbjv) Gnajvm) rhk `zitzvmii~

inaljd thj djgkaptvmtnkap ko Gm~ tk thj dj`inaj na

j`kakgn` bvkrth!

Kai~ rnth thj muuknatgjat ko ^kka Cjzab'h~za mp

gnanptjv ko ptvmtjb~ mad ama`j na Ojfvzmv~ 655>

`kzid m ajr vjminptn` ikkl `kgj kjv thj bkjva'

gjat! ^kka) zainlj hnp uvjdj`jppkv) hmd hjid ko`j

zadjv Uvjpndjat Vkh Gkk'h~za mad fvkzbht m ajr

vjminpg tk gm`vk ukin`~) fjnab uvjumvjd tk `kzatj'ama`j vjminptn` jptngmtjp ko phkvt'tjvg j`kakgn`

`katvm`tnka! Djpuntj thjpj `hmiijabjp) thj bk'

jvagjat rnii ptm~ `mig mad tmlj m`tnka mp nantnmii~

uimaajd) hj `kzid pm~ mp hj maakza`jd thj ukppn'

fnint~ ko ajbmtnj bvkrth ko mt ijmpt : ujv`jat na thj

vpt }zmvtjv (Onbzvj 6.! Hnp gmckv `katvnfztnka rmp

thj uvkukpmi okv m ajr gmckv ptngzizp uima thmt gm~

na`izdj vmdn`mi naakmtnkap pz`h mp okkd ptmgup)

rhnij rkvlnab rnth mii m`tkvp na thj j`kakg~ tk

gmlj uvkbvjpp ka vjokvg ijbnpimtnka!

Ojmvp mfkzt m Gmv`h 655> `vnpnp uzphjd thj rkafjikr =):55 na thj ami hmio ko Ojfvzmv~ 655>!

Thj djbvjj tk rhn`h Lkvjm np uvkaj tk vzgkvp

rmp `mutzvjd dzvnab thj pj`kad hmio ko 6558 f~

thj fikbbjv) Gnajvm) rhkpj dkkgpdm~ okvj`mptp

rjvj rndji~ bnja `vjdja`j! Thnp rmp umvti~ dzj

tk thj umvmiiji vzgkv thmt Gnajvm rmp m pjankv

bkjvagjat kv mdgnanptvmtnka ko`nmi mad akt thj


8/15


zatvmnajd NT puj`nminpt hj muumvjati~ rmp! Thj vpt

miijbjd vnpnp rmp thj Pjutjgfjv 6558 vnpnp) rhjvj

thj uvkcj`tjd omnizvj ko okvjnbajvp tk vkii kjv thjnv

rka'djakgnamtjd fkad hkidnabp rkzid `mzpj m

okvjnba jx`hmabj vnpnp! Rhmt thnp Pjutjgfjv vnpnp

vzgkv im`ljd rmp ma~ }zmatn`mtnka ko azgfjvp!

Thj rkvpt'`mpj p`jamvnk thmt akt m pnabij fkadhkidjvrkzid vjnajpt rkzid ptvnu kai~ mfkzt $=5 fniinka

kzt ko Lkvjmp okvjnba jx`hmabj vjpjvjp) rhn`h mt

thj tngj ptkkd mt gkvj thma $6=5 fniinka! Na om`t)

okvjnbajvp rjvj ajt fz~jvp) mad Lkvjmap rjvj thj

pjiijvp mad dkiimv hkmvdjvp!

Thj pmgj im`l ko }zmatn`mtnka dvkj thj aktnka ko

m Gmv`h 655> `vnpnp) rhn`h rmp fmpjd ka Cmumajpj

fmalp akt vkiinab kjv ikmap mp thj~ `ikpjd thjnv

fkklp! Mbmna thj tktmi mgkzat nakijd rmp mfkzt

$=5 fniinka) kai~ mfkzt : ujv`jat ko Lkvjmp okvjnba

jx`hmabj vjpjvjp na Ojfvzmv~ 655>! Na jppja`j thjrka rmp fjnab dvnja f~ Lkvjma uim~jvp rhk dnd

akt `mi`zimtj thj vjmi uvkfmfnint~ mad ngum`t ko thjnv

uvjdn`tnkap! Mt thj tngj ko rvntnab (: Gmv`h 655>.

thj jxuj`tmtnka ko m ptvjabthjanab rka na Muvni)

czpt mp nt ptvjabthjajd mbmna na imtjv Akjgfjv) np

vjmpkamfij) fzt rj gzpt mipk jxuj`t thmt thj Lkvjma

gmvljt rnii `katnazj tk bjajvmtj ngmbnamv~ oztzvj

`vnpjp thmt `vjmtj vjmi rmjp mp Lkvjmap puj`zimtj

mbmnapt thj vnpnp! Thj pjatngjat bvjr rkvpj na imtj

Ojfvzmv~ rnth `ka`jva ikkgnab kjv m pj`kad rmj

ko bikfmi ama`nmi gmvljt tvkzfij ptmvtnab ovkg

jmptjva Jzvkuj!

Thzp) gkpt ko thj bikkg mgj ovkg dkzftp mfkzt thj

pzptmnamfnint~ ko thj rka vmthjv thma thj j`kakgn`

ozadmgjatmip! M jv`j djfmtj rmp k``zvvnab kjv thj

ngum`t ko thj om`t thmt thj rka np akt ozii~ kajvt'

nfij3 Thj gmckvnt~ ko Lkvjma ama`nmi naptntztnkap

fjinjjd thmt thj om`t thmt thj rka rmp ptnii akt ozii~

`kajvtnfij mad rmp ptnii ok`zpjd ka thj rka+dkiimvrnadkr rmp vjptvn`tnab thj bikfmi djgmad okvrka!

Pz``jppnj mdgnanptvmtnkap fjinjjd thmt) no thj rka

rjvj ovjji~ kajvtnfij) muntmi nbht rkzid uzii thj

rka dkra! Okvjnbajvp thkzbht thmt kujanab thj rka

rkzid na`vjmpj thj bikfmi djgmad okv thj Lkvjma

`zvvja`~ mad djjuja thj gmvljt! Na mii thnp djfmtj)

t~un`mi Lkvjmap rjvj gkvj ujppngnptn` thma thj

okvjnbajvp rhk rjvj m`tnj na thj gmvljt!

Kaj ko Lkvjmp ptvjabthp np thmt nt hmp ma jx`jiijat

gj`hmanpgna thj okvg ko LMG@Kokv hmadinab

tkxn` mppjtp! LMG@K na thj =>>5p mad jmvi~ 6555uim~jd m gmckv vkij na vjgknab fmd djft ovkg thj

amtnkap ama`nmi naptntztnkap! LMG@Kp puj`nmi

ptvjabth np thmt nt np ma natjvgjdnmv~) akt m ikab'tjvg

hkidjv ko fmd mppjtp! Na thj umpt nt hmp um`lmbjd

ukvtokinkp mad vjpkid thjg) zainlj thj @hnajpj mp'

pjt gmambjgjat kgumanjp inlj @NATM thmt tjad tk

hkid thj mppjtp! LMG@K np thzp mfij tk tzva kjv

ntp `muntmi vjimtnji~ ompt mad vjuzv`hmpj gkvj fmd

mppjtp rnthkzt bkjvagjat vj`muntminsmtnka!

Thzp LMG@K przab natk m`tnka ka fjhmio ko thj

pgmii pmnabp fmalp ko Lkvjm thmt hmd fj`kgj hjm'ni~ nakijd na uvkcj`t ama`j ko uvkcj`tp thmt rjvj

pzddjai~ zanmfij na thj pj`kad hmio ko 6558) mad

LMG@K np vjmd~ tk m`zzg zu fmd djft ovkg thj

`kggjv`nmi fmalp! Thnp gjmap thmt thjvj np ajjv

gz`h dkzft mfkzt thj uvn`nab ko fmd mppjtp ovkg

thj fmal mdgnanptvmtkvp uknat ko njr! Ozvthjv)

gkpt Lkvjma fmd mppjtp ptnii hmj m vjmi jptmtj fmpj

fj`mzpj ko thj `kapjvmtnpg ko thj fmalp rhjvj

`kvukvmtj ijadnab rmp `ka`jvajd! @kapzgjv djft np

ko m dnoojvjat }zmint~) mad thj kzatv~ pnbamii~ omnijd

tk hmadij thj kapzgjv djft vnpnp mp rjii mp Tmnrma

hmadijd m pngnimv `vnpnp mt mfkzt thj pmgj tngj!

Vj`kjv~ okv Lkvjm na 655>) kv okv thmt gmttjv na

65=5) vjptp ka thj vj`kjv~ ko kthjv j`kakgnjp!

Lkvjm np) inlj Bjvgma~) Cmuma) Tmnrma) mad @hnam)

m gmckv jxukvtjv! Zainlj thj kthjv okzv) Lkvjm tjadp

tk vza m gmvbnami zvvjat m``kzat pzvuizp) rhn`h np

=5

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6558

6552

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655:

6554

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6555

=>>>

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Ujv`jatmbj

Onbzvj 63 Bvkrth Okvj`mptp okv Lkvjmp J`kakg~

=>>?65=5 (655>=5 jpt!.) ujv`jatmbj

Pkzv`jp3 Gnanptv~ ko Lakrijdbj J`kakg~) Pjkzi< Jzvk'Mpnma Fzpnajpp

@kapzitma`~) Itd!

Kutngnptn`

Gkdjvmtj

Ujppngnptn`


9/15

PTVZ@TZVMI VJOKVG 0>

imvbji~ m vjj`tnka ko thj ngfmima`j na tvmdj rnth

Cmuma vmthjv thma thj ajjd tk ngukvt vmr gmtjvnmip

thmt np `kggka tk mii thj jxukvtnab j`kakgnjp! Np

nt `vjdnfij thmt thjvj rnii fj jakzbh bvkrth na thj

rkvid tk miikr Lkvjmp jxukvtp tk vj`kjv; Dzvnab

6558) 25 ujv`jat ko Lkvjmp jxukvtp rjat tk djjiku'

nab kzatvnjp) naìzdnab @hnam! Thj mppzgutnkap mvjthmt @hnam rnii `katnazj tk bvkr mt ?2 ujv`jat na

655>) mad pinbhti~ omptjv na 65=5) thmt thnp rnii uzii

Lkvjma jxukvtp na) mifjnt akt mt pz`h m ompt vmtj) mad

thmt zadjv gkpt p`jamvnkp gz`h ko thj djjikunab

rkvid rnii bvkr na 655>) mbmna gkdjpti~ na`vjmpnab

uktjatnmi jxukvtp tk thkpj djptnamtnkap! Na thnp) gz`h

hmabp ka thj uvn`j ko kni) rhn`h ajjdp tk fj mfkj

$:5 ujv fmvvji tk japzvj thmt kni uvkdz`jvp katnazj

tk najpt na thjnv naovmptvz`tzvj uimap mad tk pzfpndnsj

thjnv ukuzimtnkap!

Ajnthjv ?2 ujv`jat bvkrth na @hnam akv $:5 ujvfmvvji kni rnii pjt thj rkvid mvnbht) fzt thj~ rkzid pjt

m kkv zadjv Lkvjma jxukvtp mad mvj inlji~ tk vjmtj

m pjapj ko m vjnnab j`kakg~ thmt rnii zadjvrvntj

Lkvjma kapzgjv jxujadntzvj! Thj~ rnii kgj ikpj

tk koopjttnab djìnanab djgmad na thj Zantjd Ptmtjp)

Cmuma) mad thj J@ f~ thj jad ko 655>!

Thj jxuj`tmtnka np thmt na thj thnvd }zmvtjv ko 655>

jxukvtp rnii fj ìkpj tk thjnv 6558 ijji mad thmt na

thj okzvth }zmvtjv jxukvtp rnii jx`jjd thjnv vjdz`jd

fmpj na thj okzvth }zmvtjv ko 6558) fvnabnab fm`l

bvkrth mad dkgjptn` `kadja`j! Jja `kapzgjvjxujadntzvj gm~ fj hnbhjv na thj ami }zmvtjv ko

655> thma na thj kvvjpukadnab }zmvtjv ko 6558! Thnp

gmljp thj vj`kjv~ tj`han`mi mp gz`h mp uvkdz`'

nab vjmi bvkrth) fzt nt fjbnap m nvtzkzp `~ìj thmt

ijmdp tk jv~ pzfptmatnmi bvkrth na 65=5 (akt ~jt

om`tkvjd na f~ okvj`mptjvp na thj NGO mad Kvbmansm'

tnka okv J`kakgn` @kkujvmtnka mad Djjikugjat

\KJ@DW.) mad thmt phkzid bnj Lkvjm m bvkrth vmtj

ko 4: ujv`jat mad m hjmith~ fmima`j ko um~gjatp

pzvuizp) rhn`h na tzva rnii uvjpzgmfi~ ijmd tk m

vnpj na mizj ko thj rka! Thj rkvpt `mpj muujmvp tk

fj thmt thj vj`kjv~ rnii fj djim~jd ovkg thj thnvd

}zmvtjv tk thj okzvth }zmvtjv! Pz`h m djim~ rkzid

gkj Lkvjmp 655> BDU dkrarmvd ovkg = ujv`jat

tk 6 ujv`jat! Ak vj`kjv~ na thj ami }zmvtjv rkzid

vjpzit na thj NGO okvj`mpt ko 4 ujv`jat fjnab ikpj

tk m``zvmtj! Thj tmpl ko dkgjptn` ukin`~ thjvjokvj

fj`mgj phkvt'tjvg ptngzizp mad ptvjabthjanab ka'

dja`j na thj rka!

Nau~ Naana ad Dpn

Pp ad a jan Pnp Ua

Nt np kotja pmnd thmt jxukvtp vjuvjpjat ?5 ujv`jat ko

thj Lkvjma j`kakg~! Gkvj m``zvmtji~) dzvnab thj

umpt ojr ~jmvp) thj bvkrth ko jxukvtp hmp `katvnf'

ztjd ?525 ujv`jat ko Lkvjmp bvkrth! Na tjvgp kothj m`tzmi kgukpntnka) thj jxukvt pj`tkv vjuvjpjatp

kai~ mfkzt 65 ujv`jat ko thj `kgukpntnka ko Lk'

vjmp BDU< fzt) bvkrnab gz`h omptjv) jxukvtp hmj

vj`jati~ `katvnfztjd ìkpj tk ?525 ujv`jat ko thj

`kzatv~p bvkrth!

Dzvnab thj umpt ojr ~jmvp) thj dkgjptn` j`kakg~

mad thj jxtjvami j`kakg~ hmj vza mt jv~ dnoojvjat

vmtjp) mp phkra na Onbzvj 0) rhn`h `kgumvjp thj

}zmvtjvi~ bvkrth ko uvnmtj jxujadntzvj rnth BDU

}zmvtjvi~ dmtm! Nt `ma fj pjja thmt dzvnab thj `vjdnt

`mvd `vnpnp ko 655650 uvnmtj `kapzgutnka rmpmipk ajbmtnj!

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55

Onbzvj 03 @kgumvnpka ko Bvkrth ko Uvnmtj

Jxujadntzvj rnth Bvkrth ko Bvkpp Dkgjptn`

Uvkdz`t na Lkvjm) 65555> (jpt!.) ujv`jatmbj

Ujv`jatmbj

Pkzv`jp3 Fmal ko Lkvjm< jptngmtjp f~ Lkvjm Mppk`nmtjp Fzpnajpp

@kapzitma`~ Itd!

BDU bvkrth vmtj

Uvnmtj jxujadntzvj

Thj `kiimupj ko `kapzgjv jxujadntzvj na thj ami

}zmvtjv ko 6558 rmp omptjv thma jxuj`tjd! Thnp

ujvpzmdjd Gnanptjv ko Onama`j mad Ptvmtjb~ ^kka

thmt m dnvj`t `kapzgjv ptngzizp mngjd akt mt mii

pjbgjatp ko thj ukuzimtnka) mp rmp dkaj na Tmnrma

mad Cmuma) fzt jpuj`nmii~ mt ikrjv'na`kgj bvkzup

rkzid fj gkpt fjaj`nmi! M fnii hmp fjja natvkdz`jd

natk thj Amtnkami Mppjgfi~ thmt rkzid `vjmtj fkth

okkd ptmgup mad phkuunab `kzukap! Pz`h m fnii) no

nt kjv`kgjp thj kfcj`tnkap thmt thj gkaj~ gm~

akt fj pujat fzt rnii fj pmjd) kzid uzt mddntnkami


10/15


uzv`hmpnab ukrjv na thj hmadp ko kapzgjvp f~ thj

jad ko Muvni 655>!

Hkr tk `vjmtj m pzntmfij ptngzizp okv thj j`kakg~

vjgmnap ma nppzj okv thj bkjvagjat! Thj `nvìj

mvkzad Uvjpndjat Ijj pkzbht tk vjnaptmtj thj `mami

uima mad napjvtjd natk thj 655> fzdbjt (Tmfij =. manakvdnamtj mgkzat ko jxujapj ka vnjv nguvkjgjat)

mithkzbh bvmdzmii~ vmni mad kthjv naovmptvz`tzvj ng'

uvkjgjatp hmj fjja uvkukpjd!

Mithkzbh Uvjpndjat Ijj rmp tk ìmng na Ojfvzmv~

thmt Lkvjm hmd pujat 6!: ujv`jat ko ntp BDU) mfkzt

$6: fniinka) ka j`kakgn` ptngzizp) thnp ìjmvi~ rmp

ak gkvj thma gnangmi dkgjptn` bmvfmbj dnpukpmi!

Thnp tmpl phkzid akt fj tvjmtjd inbhti~ fj`mzpj nt hmp

ljut Lkvjm Na`! oza`tnkanab pgkkthi~! Hkrjjv)

no 6!: ujv`jat ko BDU np vj}znvjd tk hmadij rmptj)

makthjv 6!: ujv`jat tk : ujv`jat np ajjdjd tk vjmtjbvkrth) mad thnp np akr fjnab uvkukpjd f~ Gnanptjv

^kka!

Bvjmt mad Bvjja

Na hnp nadjujadja`j dm~ pujj`h ka =: Mzbzpt 6558)

Uvjpndjat Ijj imza`hjd hnp ka`jutnka ko m bvjja mad

bvjmt Lkvjm! Thnp rmp tk djjiku natk ma nadjujadjat

:5 tvniinka rka ozadnab nantnmtnj thmt rkzid vjmtj

m ajr jabnaj ko bvkrth!

Mithkzbh Ijj G~zab'fml hmp mirm~p fjja ma jan'

vkagjatmi mdk`mtj) thj bvjja mad bvjmt Lkvjm ka'

`jut np m gmckv ukin`~ naakmtnka! Gkvjkjv) Lkvjm

np kaj ko thj fjpt fmpjp okv uvkdz`nab ajr bvjja

uvkdz`tp! Uvjpndjat Ijj G~zab'fmlp mdgnanptvmtnka

hmp gmdj m gmckv ukin`~ naakmtnka na vj`kbansnab

thmt thj bvjja rkvid `ma fj m rkvid ko pnban`mat

kuukvtzant~ okv Lkvjm mad thmt Lkvjm `ma fj`kgj

bvjja mad bvjmt! Thnp hmp fjbza thj zvbjat tmpl ko

uvjumvnab Lkvjm okv L~ktk NN! Pna`j thj vjmtnka ko

thj L~ktk tvjmt~) Lkvjmp bvjjahkzpj jgnppnkap hmjdkzfijd rhnij gkpt KJ@D `kzatvnjp ptvzbbijd tk

Tmfij =3 Fzdbjt Jxujadntzvjp f~ thj Vjuzfin` ko Lkvjm) 6558 mad 655>

Fzdbjt ntjgp

6558

655>

(uvkukpjd f~

bkjvagjat.

655>

(onxjd f~

Amtnkami Mppjgfi~.

Rka)

tvniinkap

Na`vjmpj

(*.

Rka)

Tvniinkap

Na`vjmpj

(*.

Rka)

Tvniinkap

Na`vjmpj

(*.

Vjpjmv`h mad djjikugjat ==!= =0!5 =6!0 =5!8 =6!4 ==!:

Nadzptv~) pgmii' mad gjdnzg'

pnsj jatjvuvnpjp) jajvb~

=6!? 5!0 =:!0 6=!= =?!6 68!:

Pk`nmi kjvhjmd `muntmi =>!? ?>!0 64!8 6?!2 64!2 6?!5

Mbvn`zitzvj) onphjvnjp) okkd =?!5 5!0 =2!= 2!= =?!2 4!8

Hjmith mad rjiomvj ?2!2 =5!6 24!? =5!0 24!2 =5!4

Jdz`mtnka 0:!? =:!2 08!2 8!8 08!0 2!2

@zitzvj) pukvtp) mad tkzvnpg 0!0 ==!2 0!4 0!2 0!: ?!2

Janvkagjat 4!: =5!? 4!> =5!= :!= =4!=

Djojapj (akvgmi m``kzatnab. 6?!? 8!8 68!2 2!8 68!? 2!0

Zanka) okvjnba moomnvp 6!8 =:!? 6!> 0!2 0!5 :!=

Uzfin` p~ptjg mad pj`zvnt~ ==!2 2!= =6!0 :!= =6!0 :!?

Akvgmi uzfin` mdgnanptvmtnka 4:!> 8!? 48!> ?!: 48!2 ?!=

Tktmi jxujadntzvjp 6:2!6 8!: 680!8 =5!4 684!: =5!?

Pkzv`j3 Gnanptv~ ko Ptvmtjb~ mad Onama`j!


11/15

PTVZ@TZVMI VJOKVG 4=

uvjjat thjnv jgnppnkap ovkg na`vjmpnab! Lkvjm np

`kapj}zjati~ akr kaj ko thj tku pjja ukiiztjvp na

thj rkvid mithkzbh ntp katvnfztnka tk tktmi uimajtmv~

bvjjahkzpj bmp jgnppnkap np akt imvbj! Zadjv L~ktk

NN) Lkvjm rnii ajjd tk pnba jgnppnka `kaptvmnatp!

Thzp) thnp kjv`vkrdjd `kzatv~ gzpt `hmabj ntp

rm~p f~ pjnsnab thj kuukvtzant~!

Rnth mii thj dnptvm`tnkap ko m bikfmi j`kakgn` vnpnp

mad kni omiinab ovkg migkpt $=:5 ujv fmvvji na Czi~

6558 tk $05$45 j gkathp imtjv) thj d~amgn` ko

fj`kgnab bvjja mad bvjmt gm~ pjjg ijpp zvbjat!

Fzt na thj oztzvj thnp trk'tk'thvjj'~jmv fvjmthnab

pum`j okv thj uimajt mad okv thj rkvid j`kakg~ gm~

fj pjja mp thj ujvoj`t bnot tk gmalnadp oztzvj mad

m `hma`j okv Lkvjm tk bjt mhjmd! Dzvnab thj umpt

dj`mdj thj ptmadmvd ko innab ko mfkzt 0!: fniinka

nahmfntmatp kzt ko thj ?!: fniinka ka thj uimajt hmp

na`vjmpjd vjgmvlmfi~! Ak ikabjv np rjmith `ka`ja'tvmtjd na thj hmadp ko thj kaj fniinka Mgjvn`map)

Cmumajpj) mad Jzvkujmap! Lkvjma jxukvtjvp hmd

fjja gmckv fjaj`nmvnjp ko thmt djjikugjat! Fzt

thj mum`nt~ ko thj uimajt tk pzuukvt pz`h m ijji ko

mozja`j zadjv thj fvkra j`kakg~ np sjvk! Rhmt

np aj`jppmv~ np m ajr jvm ko pzptmnamfij bvkrth

thmt vj}znvjp jjv~kaj tk vj`kapndjv hkr thj~ zpj

vjpkzv`jp!

Lkvjm hmp pkgj ko thj fjpt gmazom`tzvnab tj`h'

an}zjp na thj rkvid! Rhmtjjv m bvjja uimajt ajjdp)

Lkvjmap ma uvkdz`j nt! Thj uvkfijg np thmt ak kajlakrp rhmt thj ajxt bjajvmtnka ko bvjja nadzptvnjp

rnii ikkl inlj mad rhmt uvkdz`tp nt rnii zpj! Rnii

`mvp fj uvjdkgnamati~ fmttjv~ dvnja) h~fvndp) kv

ukrjvjd f~ kx~bja kv h~dvkbja; Np pkimv ukrjv)

rnad ukrjv) kv tndmi mad bjkthjvgmi ukrjv bknab tk

fj thj gmckv uvkndjv ko hkzpjhkid jajvb~ ajjdp;

@ma rj vjtvkt fznidnabp tk fj pzptmnamfij) kv gzpt

rj vjdjpnba fznidnabp mad `ntnjp tk fj gkdjpt kv

gnangmi jgnttjvp; Hkr ma m fznidnab ko =55 ptkvnjp

fj jajvb~ jo`njat; Hkr rnii mnv`vmot djpnba hmabj

tk uvkndj fkth gkfnint~ mad ikr `kapzgutnka ko

vjpkzv`jp;

Kaj ko Lkvjmp uvkfijgp np thmt ntp vjpjmv`h mad

djjikugjat np puvjmd jv~ thnai~ mad na'djuth

lakrijdbj np `ka`jatvmtjd na m ojr mvjmp! M am'

tnkaminptn` uvndj katnazjp tk gmlj Lkvjmap rmat tk

najat thjnv kra tj`hakikb~ mad) thjvjokvj) nbakvj

bkkd jxnptnab tj`hakikb~!0

Okv mii thjpj vjmpkap thj ajjd okv m bvjja dnmikbzj

fjtrjja okvjnba `kgumanjp mad thj Lkvjma bkjva'

gjat mad Lkvjma fzpnajppjp mad jdz`mtkvp np zvbjat!

Lkvjm hmp thj kuukvtzant~ tk fj`kgj thj bvjja

okzadv~ ko ajr tj`hakikb~) uvkdz`nab rhmtjjv

jatvjuvjajzvp kv kthjvp mvkzad thj rkvid `vjmtj!

Kv Lkvjm gm~ `hkkpj tk tv~ tk uzvpzj uvkuvnjtmv~

tj`hakikbnjp thmt gm~ fj fjhnad thkpj ko kthjv ijmd'

nab V/D kzatvnjp!

Ka ? Cmazmv~ 655>) thj bkjvagjat maakza`jd thj

Bvjja Ajr Djmi) `kapnptnab ko > gmckv uvkcj`tp mad62 moinmtjd uvkcj`tp pz`h mp nguvknab thj janvka'

gjat ko Lkvjmp okzv gmckv vnjvp) djjikunab mad

uvkgktnab bvjja `mvp mad ìjma jajvb~) jxumadnab

thj vj`~ìnab ko rmptj vjpkzv`jp mad rmptj'tk'jajvb~

p~ptjgp) mad fznidnab gkvj j`k'ovnjadi~ hkgjp! Thj

Bvjja Ajr Djmi np m pjt ko gjmpzvjp tk uvkgktj

bvjja bvkrth mad kjv`kgj thj j`kakgn` pikrdkra

mt thj pmgj tngj!

Zadjv thj Bvjja Ajr Djmi) thj Gnanptv~ ko Ja'

nvkagjat rnii pjt zu m `kguvjhjapnj p~ptjg tk

`kiij`t mad tvjmt rmptj m`vkpp thj amtnka mad jxumadpjrmbj unujinajp mad tvjmtgjat om`nintnjp tk vjdz`j

ukiiztmatp krnab natk vnjvp! Thj gnanptv~ rnii mipk

fznid om`nintnjp thmt uzvno~ rmtjv dnp`hmvbjd ovkg

pjrmbj tvjmtgjat pntjp mad pzuui~ nt tk nadzptvnmi

`kguijxjp okv thjnv zpj! Na mddntnka) thj gnanptv~

uimap tk djjiku tj`hakikbnjp thmt `ma vjdz`j uki'

iztmatp ovkg mvp mad uvkgktj j`k'ovnjadi~ jhnìjp!

Nt vjgmnap okv thj Gnanptv~ ko Lakrijdbj J`kakg~

tk uvkdz`j jooj`tnj ukin`njp thmt pzuukvt nadzptvnjp

thmt `ma fjajt ovkg thnp!

Thzp omv) thj bkjvagjat hmp uzt ntp jguhmpnp ka

thj pmoj tvjmtgjat ko gzan`numi mad nadzptvnmi rmptj)

0! Na K`tkfjv 6552 Lkvjm Mppk`nmtjp Fzpnajpp @kapzitma`~ (LMF@. kvbmansjd thj Bvjja Dnmikbzj @kaojvja`j3 M Ajr Ku'ukvtzant~ okv Umvtajvphnu) rhn`h rmp pukapkvjd f~ DHI) Akvplj Plkb) mad Thnal ZL! Nt rmp dno`zit tk bjt thj mttjatnka kothj Lkvjma mzthkvntnjp mad jpuj`nmii~ tk ujvpzmdj gmckv Lkvjma `kgumanjp tk thnal thjvj rmp mizj na pz`h m umvtajvphnu!Thj `ka`jva ko okvjnba `kgumanjp rmp thmt rhja thj ajxt vkzad ko thj L~ktk Mbvjjgjat np pnbajd) Lkvjm rnii hmj tk mdkutdvm`kanma gjmpzvjp rnthkzt tngj okv mdj}zmtj `kapzitmtnka!


12/15


fzt nt np phnotnab ntp ukin`~ ok`zp tk vj`~ìnab rmptj

vjpkzv`jp mad vj`kjvnab jajvb~ ovkg rmptj na kv'

djv tk mddvjpp `hmiijabjp ovkg hnbh kni uvn`jp mad

ìngmtj hmabj! Tk thnp jad) thj bkjvagjat rnii na'

`vjmpj najptgjat na vj`~ìnab mad rmptj'tk'jajvb~

naovmptvz`tzvj! Thjpj dm~p) rmptj mad fnkgmpp mvj

dvmrnab gkvj mttjatnka mp gkvj uvm`tn`mi mitjvamtnjjajvb~ pkzv`jp tk vjuim`j okppni ozjip!

Ozvthjvgkvj) thj gnanptv~ rnii vj`kjv thj hjmith ko

gmvnaj hmfntmtp mad `vjmtj m rjii'uvjpjvjd rmtjv

janvkagjat f~ vjptkvnab j`kp~ptjgp ko ptvjmgp

dmgmbjd f~ uvjnkzp vnjv gmnatjama`j!

Okvjnba Jatjvuvnpjp mad Dkgjptn` Jatjvuvnpjp

Thj ompt djìnaj ko thj rka mad thj kiimupj ko bikfmi

djgmad na gma~ nadzptvnjp na thj ami }zmvtjv ko

6558 fvkzbht m vmund vjpukapj ovkg `hnjo ama`nmiko`jvp mvkzad thj rkvid! M }zn`l jmizmtnka ko

thj vjimtnj uvktmfnint~ ko kujvmtnkap rkvidrndj

phkrjd thmt thj Lkvjma kujvmtnka phkrjd m vj'

gmvlmfi~ bkkd uktjatnmi `kgumvjd rnth Jzvkujma

mad Z!P! uimatp! @hnajpj uimatp rjvj kfnkzpi~

gkvj mttvm`tnj okv pnguij kujvmtnkap) fzt Lkvjma

jxujvtnpj na uvkdz`tnka jabnajjvnab gmdj Lkvjm ma

mttvm`tnj ik`mtnka okv gkvj pkuhnptn`mtjd uvkdz`tp!

Na fkth Lkvjm mad @hnam uimatp rjvj akvgmii~ gkvj

gkdjva) gkvj jajvb~ jo`njat) mad gkvj j`kakgn`mi

thma na kidjv gmvljtp!

Lkvjma gzitnamtnkami `kvukvmtnkap (GA@p. tkkl m

dnoojvjat njr) rhn`h rmp thmt thjnv gkpt gkdjva

mad jo`njat uimatp mvj na @hnam mad Nadnm< thjvjokvj)

uvkdz`tnka rmp na`vjmpjd na thkpj ik`mtnkap mad

pkgjrhmt vjdz`jd na kthjv ik`mtnkap! Na thnp vjpuj`t)

Ppmab~kab Gktkvp rmp tvjmtjd gkvj inlj m Lkvjma

GA@) rnth ntp @hnajpj krajvp tv~nab tk rmil mrm~

ovkg thj omninab jatjvuvnpj! Dkra tk gnd'Ojfvzmv~

thjvj hmd fjja vjimtnji~ ojr fmalvzut`njp mad kai~

kaj gmckv kaj) thj @/Hjm~ Nadzptv~ Bvkzu) m

vmundi~ bvkrnab bvkzu thmt hmd fznit zu m ijjvmbjd

`kabikgjvmtj na m phkvt ujvnkd ko tngj!

Thj imvbjpt bvkzup ko Lkvjm pjjg vjimtnji~ pj`zvj

djpuntj thj bikfmi dkratzva! Pmgpzab Jij`tvkan`p

jxujvnja`jd ntp vpt }zmvtjvi~ ikpp na thj ami }zmv'

tjv ko 6558) mad thj nPmgpzab Bvkzu gkjd natk

ma jgjvbja`~ gkdj na Cmazmv~! H~zadmn Gktkvp)

dvnja f~ mbbvjppnj pmijp) `katnazjd tk na`vjmpj

pmijp ~jmv ka ~jmv na @hnam na Dj`jgfjv mad na thj

Zantjd Ptmtjp na Cmazmv~ 655>! IB rmp ijpp mooj`tjd

thma Pmgpzab fj`mzpj ntp rkvpt uvkfijgp ptjggjd

ovkg kjvuvkdz`tnka ko gjgkv~ `hnup mt m tngj

ko omiinab djgmad thmt ptvz`l Tmnrma jja rkvpj

thma Pmgpzab! Hmarhm hmd tk rnthdvmr ntp koojv

okv Dmjrkk Phnufznidnab mad Jabnajjvnab) mp thjijjvmbj okv uzv`hmpj rmp czpt akt okvth`kgnab! Na

thj pmgj jna) Dkkpma rmp ptvz`l f~ thj uvkfijgp ko

vjama`nab ntp m`}znpntnka ko Fkf`mt ovkg Nabjvpkii

Vmad) rhn`h mt $4!2 fniinka rmp thj imvbjpt m`}znpn'

tnka jjv gmdj f~ m Lkvjma jatjvuvnpj!

J`kakgn` @kkujvmtnka (mad m Oztzvj @kggzant~;.

rnth @hnam mad Cmuma

Ka =0 Dj`jgfjv 6558) thj hjmdp ko ptmtj ko @hnam)

Cmuma) mad Lkvjm gjt tk dnp`zpp m `kggka uvk'

bvmg tk hmadij thj `vnpnp! Kaj ko Lmab Gma'pkkpptvjabthp rmp hnp djpnvj tk pjj gkvj j`kakgn`

naptntztnkami kkujvmtnka mgkab thj thvjj `kzatvnjp

ko Akvthjmpt Mpnm! Thj Dj`jgfjv pzggnt hmp tk

fj pjja mp kaj ko thj gkpt ngukvtmat jjatp na

phmunab thj oztzvj ko Akvthjmpt Mpnm! Na =>>2>8

Cmuma hmd pkzbht tk `vjmtj ma Mpnma ozad mad hmd

fjja p}zmphjd f~ thj NGO! Thj ndjm rmp vjnjd

na 6555 zadjv thj gkvj ukpntnj bzndma`j ko thj

Mpnma Djjikugjat Fmal (MDF.) na rhmt fj`mgj

lakra mp thj @hnmab Gmn nantnmtnj! Thj }znjt jookvt

ko thj bvkzu rkvlnab uvngmvni~ ka vjmtnab ma Mpnma

fkad gmvljt thmt rmp `kkvdnamtjd ka thj gmvbnapko thj maazmi MDF bkjvakvp gjjtnab (mad tk ma

jxtjat ka thj MPJMA Uizp Thvjj gjjtnabp. rmp

imvbji~ nbakvjd f~ j`kakgnptp rhk okiikrjd kai~

thj imvbj uvnat!

Fzt) f~ 6558) thj `zgzimtnj }znjt rkvl ko thj

vjbnkap `jatvmi fmalp pjt thj ptmbj okv thj =0

Dj`jgfjv 6558 imadgmvl mbvjjgjat gmdj f~ thj

thvjj gmckv kzatvnjp! Thj kzatvnjp mbvjjd tk rkvl

tkbjthjv tk ptmfninsj `zvvja`njp mad tk vjnanbkvmtj

thjnv j`kakgnjp! Ovkg Lkvjmp uknat ko njr thj

mbvjjgjat tk na`vjmpj thj prmu ingntp rmp ngukv'tmat! Thjpj prmup rjvj jxtjadjd tk Pkzthjmpt Mpnma

`kzatvnjp mad tk vjozadnab thj MDF (pkgjthnab

tk rhn`h thj Z!P! mdgnanptvmtnka np pmnd tk fj ku'

ukpjd.! Thj ama`nmi jabnajjvp ko thj @hnmab Gmn

nantnmtnj hmd uzt tkbjthjv okv thj ukintn`nmap ma

mitjvamtnj njr ko thj oztzvj ko Akvthjmpt Mpnm

thmt rkzid fj tk rkvl hmvd tk `jgjat thj `vjmtnka


13/15


ko ma j`kakgn` fik` ko thj fnb thvjj uizp MPJMA!

Okv akr thj kzatvnjp mbvjjd tk gmlj thjnv pzggnt

ma maazmi jjat!

Kthjv nppzjp ka rhn`h mbvjjgjatp rjvj vjm`hjd

naìzdjd fkkptnab thj cknat ptzd~ ko ma OTM mgkab

thj thvjj kzatvnjp< om`nintmtnab ma najptgjat mbvjj'gjat< hkidnab vjbzimv gjjtnabp fjtrjja okvjnba

gnanptv~ ko`nmip< jptmfinphnab m `~fjv fzvjmz tk

vjnjr kkujvmtnj uvkcj`tp na 65=5< mad kkujvmt'

nab ka ìngmtj `hmabj) amtzvmi dnpmptjvp) mad ZA

vjokvg! Thnp np inlji~ tk fvnab thj thvjj `zvvja`njp

ìkpjv tkbjthjv mad rkvl tk vmnpj thj mizj ko thj

rka) rhn`h gnbht fvnab thjg natk m kmt) mp phkra

na Onbzvj 4) rnth ikab'tjvg `kapj}zja`jp okv thj

Hkab Lkab dkiimv!

àpna

Thnp vjnjr ko j`kakgn` ukin`~ np thj ptkv~ ko m

ajr mdgnanptvmtnka `kgnab natk ko`j rnth bvjmt

mgfntnkap fzt hmnab tk mdmut ntp ndjmip tk gmvljt

vjmint~! F~ thj fjbnaanab ko Gmv`h 655> thj ukin`~

ko thj Ijj G~zab'fml mdgnanptvmtnka muujmvp tkhmj jkijd natk m pz``jppozi um`lmbj thmt gm~

pjvj Lkvjm rjii3

Gm`vkj`kakgn` ukin`~ np akr ìkpji~ minbajd

rnth j`kakgn` vjmint~) rnth thj mdgnanptvmtnka

vjmd~ tk om`j mad vjm`t tk thj `vnpnp! No Lkvjmp bvkrth np akt ijd f~ ntp jxukvtp) thja

thj }zjptnka np rhjthjv thj ajr j`kakgn` tjmg) mu'

uknatjd na Cmazmv~ 655>) ma gmlj m dnoojvja`j mad

vjnaptnii thj Lkvjma ujkuijp kadja`j thmt ma ijmd

tkrmvd m gmvbnamii~ ukpntnj bvkrth vmtj!

Kv `ma thj vjbnka fjbna tk oza`tnka mp m pnabij zant

rnth kapj}zjat jxtjapnj phnotp na j`kakgn` ptvz`'

tzvj fmpjd ka kgumvmtnj j`kakgn` mdmatmbj) rnth

`hmabjp na tvmdnab umttjvap mad m ìkpjv `ka`jatvm'

tnka ka tvmdj rnthna thj vjbnka thmt vzap mt mfkzt 45

=?5+=?55

=:5+=:55

=45+=455

=05+=055

=65+=655

=55+=555

>5+>55

85+855

25+255

?5+?55

:5+:55

45+455

=6

==!:

==

=5!:

=5

>!:

>

8!:

8

2!:

2

?!:

?

=+65

=5

=+65

=4

=+65

=0

=+65

=6

=+65

==

=+65

=:

Lkvjma rka

Cmumajpj ~ja

Hkab Lkab dkiimv

@hnajpj vjagnafn

Cmumajpj ~ja madLkvjma rka

ujv Z!P! dkiimv

@hnajpj vjagnafn madHkab Lkab dkiimv

ujv Z!P! dkiimv

Onbzvj 43 Uktjatnmi Jkiztnka ko Mpnma Vjbnkami

@zvvja`njp

Pkzv`jp3 Lkvjm Mppk`nmtjp Fzpnajpp @kapzitma`~ Itd!) Lkvjm

Fzpnajpp Okvzg) K`tkfjv 6558< Mpnma Jxujvtnpj) Tmnrma Ijmdjvp

Okvzg) Dj`jgfjv 6558!

Ka 66 Ojfvzmv~ 655>) thj @hnmab Gmn bvkzu tkkl m

ozvthjv ptju okvrmvd f~ na`vjmpnab thj gztzmi ozad

ovkg $85 fniinka tk $=65 fniinka mad uvkukpnab tk

tvnuij thj MDFp `muntmi! Thj uvkukpmi tk na`vjmpj

thj `muntmi ko MDF gm~ `vjmtj thj vpt Mpnm'Z!P!

`kan`t fj`mzpj thj Zantjd Ptmtjp hkidp m =6 ujv'

`jat ptmlj na thj MFD mad hmp vjpnptjd mttjgutp tk

na`vjmpj ntp ozadnab pna`j 655:!

Nt np hmvd tk ujvpzmdj Lkvjmap mfkzt thj jx`jutnkami

kuukvtzantnjp thmt thnp djjikugjat koojvp thj Lk'

vjma j`kakg~ mad tk zadjvjptngmtj thj djbvjj tk

rhn`h thnp vjuvjpjatp m hmabjd Lkvjm! Thkpj rhk

okvj`mpt thj ikab'tjvg djjikugjat ko m Akvthjmpt

Mpnma fik` hmd jxuj`tjd thnp tk fj m bvmdzmi jkiz'

tnka kjv =5 tk =: ~jmvp) akt m gmttjv ko gkathp!


14/15


ujv`jat ko tktmi tvmdj vnpnab tkrmvd Jzvkujma ijjip

ko ?5 ujv`jat uizp; Thj maprjvp tk thjpj }zjptnkap

rnii bnj m bvkrth vmtj na 65=5 thmt `zvvjati~ gzpt

vmabj ovkg =6 ujv`jat zu tk 4: ujv`jat!

Dv! Gn`hjii np Uvjpndjat ko Lkvjm Mppk`nmtjp Fzpn'ajpp @kapzitma`~ Itd! na Pjkzi! Hj np mipk m npntnabuvkojppkv mt thj LDN P`hkki ko Ukin`~ mad Gmambj'gjat!


15/15

UVJPKVTJDPTMADMVD

Z!P!UKPTMBJ

UMND

UJVGNT#0222

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economic policy reforms in the lee myung-bak administration

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