Economic, Political, and Economic, Political, and Social Changes in Social Changes in

Georgia:Georgia:1870 to 19181870 to 1918

SS8H7 The student will evaluate SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic key political, social, and economic

changes that occurred ion changes that occurred ion Georgia between 1877 and 1918.Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

SS8E3 the student will SS8E3 the student will evaluate the influence of evaluate the influence of

Georgia’s economic Georgia’s economic growth and developmentgrowth and development

GPS SS8H7aGPS SS8H7a

a. Evaluate the impact the Bourbon a. Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Exposition, Tom International Cotton Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton. . . had on Georgia Latimer Felton. . . had on Georgia during this period.during this period.

Political Leaders in Georgia (1870 to 1900) SS8H7a

Background Political Views

Accomplishments Interesting Facts

Bourbon Triumvirate

Rebecca Felton

Henry Grady

Tom Watson

The Bourbon TriumvirateThe Bourbon Triumvirate

#1 Joseph E. Brown#1 Joseph E. Brown

(1821 to 1894)(1821 to 1894)1857 to 1865 Governor of 1857 to 1865 Governor of

GeorgiaGeorgia

1866 to 1868 Georgia Supreme 1866 to 1868 Georgia Supreme Court Chief JusticeCourt Chief Justice

1868 to 1880 Head of Western 1868 to 1880 Head of Western and Atlantic Railroadand Atlantic Railroad

1880 to 1891 U.S. Senator1880 to 1891 U.S. Senator

Trustee for UGA and Trustee for UGA and President of Atlanta Board President of Atlanta Board of Educationof Education

#2 Alfred H. Colquitt#2 Alfred H. Colquitt

(1824 to 1894)(1824 to 1894)Worked with Joseph E. Brown in Worked with Joseph E. Brown in

Georgia Assembly in 1849 to Georgia Assembly in 1849 to 18511851

Served in Sate and Federal Served in Sate and Federal governments before Civil governments before Civil WarWar

Voted for Georgia to succeed Voted for Georgia to succeed from Union in 1861from Union in 1861

Civil War General for Civil War General for ConfederacyConfederacy

1876 to 1882 Governor of 1876 to 1882 Governor of GeorgiaGeorgia

Served as U. S. Senator from Served as U. S. Senator from 1883 until his death1883 until his death

#3 John B. Gordon#3 John B. Gordon

(1832 to 1904)(1832 to 1904)Only one of three officers Only one of three officers

who reached rank of Lt. who reached rank of Lt. General for Confederate General for Confederate ArmyArmy

1872 to 1880, and 1891 to 1872 to 1880, and 1891 to 1897 Served as U.S. 1897 Served as U.S. SenatorSenator

1880 to 1886 Head of 1880 to 1886 Head of railroad in GArailroad in GA

1886 to 1890 served as 1886 to 1890 served as Georgia GovernorGeorgia Governor

Gordon College (Barnesville) Gordon College (Barnesville) named after himnamed after him

Bourbon TriumvirateBourbon Triumvirate

Political Views—Political Views—1. Redemption Years 1. Redemption Years

(restore Democratic (restore Democratic rule in GA and rule in GA and prosperity to its prosperity to its economy)economy)

2. Wanted stronger ties 2. Wanted stronger ties to Northern industriesto Northern industries

3. Belief in 3. Belief in White White Supremacy Supremacy and and maintain many maintain many Southern traditionsSouthern traditions

Accomplishments—Accomplishments—1.1. Lowered taxesLowered taxes

2.2. Reduced war debtReduced war debt

3.3. Expanded business Expanded business and industryand industry

(YET did little to help poor (YET did little to help poor whites and blacks, no whites and blacks, no improvements in improvements in education, factories and education, factories and hospitals)hospitals)

Rebecca Latimer FeltonRebecca Latimer Felton(1835 to 1930)(1835 to 1930)Valedictorian at Madison Valedictorian at Madison

Female College in 1852Female College in 1852Ran newspaper with her Ran newspaper with her

husband Dr. William husband Dr. William FeltonFelton

Campaign Manager and Campaign Manager and advisor to her husband advisor to her husband while he served in both while he served in both state and U.S. Congressstate and U.S. Congress

Reformer in temperance Reformer in temperance and women’s suffrage and women’s suffrage movementmovement

First woman to serve in First woman to serve in U.S. Senate in 1922U.S. Senate in 1922

Rebecca Latimer FeltonRebecca Latimer Felton

Political Views—Political Views—1.1. Independent Independent

Democrat and Democrat and opposed Bourbon opposed Bourbon Triumvirate views Triumvirate views and their influenceand their influence

2.2. Believed in social Believed in social reform for poor and reform for poor and lower middle classlower middle class

AccomplishmentsAccomplishments1. Ended 1. Ended convict lease convict lease

systemsystem and improved and improved prison conditionsprison conditions

2.2. Regulate alcohol Regulate alcohol traffic in Georgiatraffic in Georgia

3.3. Established female Established female vocational educationvocational education

4.4. One of the leaders in One of the leaders in achieving the 20achieving the 20thth AmendmentAmendment

Henry GradyHenry Grady

(1850 to 1889)(1850 to 1889)““Spokesman for the Spokesman for the

New South,” traveled New South,” traveled to many northern to many northern citiescities

Graduate of UGA in Graduate of UGA in 16881688

Southern correspondent Southern correspondent for for New York HeraldNew York Herald

1880 to 1886 managing 1880 to 1886 managing editor of editor of Atlanta Atlanta JournalJournal

Henry GradyHenry Grady

Political Views—Political Views—

1.1. Leader of Leader of Atlanta RingAtlanta Ring who were Democrat who were Democrat political leaders who political leaders who believed in a “New believed in a “New South” program:South” program:

a. Northern investmenta. Northern investment

b. Southern industrial b. Southern industrial growthgrowth

c. Diversified farmingc. Diversified farming

d. White supremacyd. White supremacy

2. Superiority of Atlanta2. Superiority of Atlanta

3. Creating trust and unity 3. Creating trust and unity between North and Southbetween North and South

Accomplishments—Accomplishments—1.1. Convinced northerners to Convinced northerners to

invest in Atlanta industriesinvest in Atlanta industries

2. Established Georgia 2. Established Georgia Institute of Technology Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech)(Georgia Tech)

3.3. Key player in Atlanta’s Key player in Atlanta’s three Cotton Expositions in three Cotton Expositions in 1881, 1887, and 1895 1881, 1887, and 1895 (industrial fairs which (industrial fairs which attracted northern attracted northern investments and created investments and created new jobs in Atlanta)new jobs in Atlanta)

4.4. Atlanta becomes symbol of Atlanta becomes symbol of New SouthNew South

Tom WatsonTom Watson(1856 to 1922)(1856 to 1922)Attended Mercer University, and Attended Mercer University, and

studied law on his own and studied law on his own and became lawyer by age 21became lawyer by age 21

1882 to 1890 served in General 1882 to 1890 served in General AssemblyAssembly

1890 to 1894 Served in Congress1890 to 1894 Served in Congress

1896 Vice-Presidential 1896 Vice-Presidential Candidate for Populist PartyCandidate for Populist Party

1904 Presidential candidate for 1904 Presidential candidate for Populist PartyPopulist Party

Advocated for white and black Advocated for white and black farmers—but sided with farmers—but sided with supremacist, anti-Semitic, and supremacist, anti-Semitic, and anti-Catholic in his last anti-Catholic in his last twenty yearstwenty years

Tom WatsonTom Watson

Political Views—Political Views—1.1. Democrat turned Democrat turned

Populist (fought for Populist (fought for rights of common men-- rights of common men-- farmers and factory farmers and factory workers)workers)

2.2. First southern politician First southern politician to speak for the interest to speak for the interest of blacks in Georgiaof blacks in Georgia

3.3. Believed that farming Believed that farming reform can be made if reform can be made if whites and black united whites and black united politicallypolitically

Accomplishments—Accomplishments—1.1. Introduced the Rural Introduced the Rural

Free Delivery (RFD) bill Free Delivery (RFD) bill which provide country which provide country resident free mailresident free mail

2.2. Because of RFD, states Because of RFD, states built new roads and built new roads and bridges in rural areas.bridges in rural areas.

3.3. Use his weekly and Use his weekly and monthly news magazines monthly news magazines to influence Georgia to influence Georgia politics and elections for politics and elections for GA governor GA governor

GPS SS8H7GPS SS8H7b. Analyze how the denial of rights to b. Analyze how the denial of rights to African-Americans through the Jim African-Americans through the Jim

Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, disenfranchisement, and racial disenfranchisement, and racial

violence.violence.

c. Explain the roles of Booker T. c. Explain the roles of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, John and Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, John and

Lugenia Burns Hope, and Alonzo Lugenia Burns Hope, and Alonzo HerndonHerndon

Continued Struggle for Civil Rights: 1877 to Continued Struggle for Civil Rights: 1877 to 19181918

1865 to 18771865 to 1877 **13 **13thth, 14, 14thth , and 15 , and 15thth Amendments Amendments passedpassed

**Civil Rights Acts denied **Civil Rights Acts denied discrimination in discrimination in hotels and hotels and trainstrains

**1870s Democrat and white **1870s Democrat and white Supremacists Supremacists gain control of all southern gain control of all southern state state governments governments

1889 **1889 **Georgia General Assembly passed Georgia General Assembly passed Jim Jim Crow Laws– Crow Laws– created “separate but created “separate but equal” equal” facilities for black and whites facilities for black and whites (hotels, (hotels, trains, schools, water trains, schools, water fountains, restrooms, fountains, restrooms, waiting rooms, etc.)waiting rooms, etc.)

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896

Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson::1. Blacks in 1895 decided to test the new Jim Crow Laws on ______________ 1. Blacks in 1895 decided to test the new Jim Crow Laws on ______________

that people rode on.that people rode on.2. Homer Plessy believed that his rights were protected under the _______2. Homer Plessy believed that his rights were protected under the _______

________________________.________________________.

3. 3. Plessy v. Ferguson Plessy v. Ferguson introduced the phrase “_________________introduced the phrase “_________________ ______ ______

________________” to the American vocabulary, and created ___________ ________________” to the American vocabulary, and created ___________ separate Americas.separate Americas.

4. In the song in the video, if you are Black, _________ __________!!4. In the song in the video, if you are Black, _________ __________!!

5. 5. Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson also led to a wave of ___________________ also led to a wave of ___________________

___________________ against blacks throughout___________________ against blacks throughout the nation.the nation.

Supreme Court DecisionsSupreme Court Decisions

18961896Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson

made segregation made segregation the law of the land the law of the land until 1954. until 1954.

U.S. Supreme U.S. Supreme Court upheld Court upheld

Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow Laws with a vote of 7-1.with a vote of 7-1.

1899 1899 Cummings v. Cummings v.

Richmond County Richmond County Board of Board of Education Education upheld upheld Georgia laws to Georgia laws to create “separate create “separate but equal” schools.but equal” schools.

Disenfranchisement of Black Disenfranchisement of Black votersvoters

In 1900, 12% of population in United States were BlacksIn 1900, 12% of population in United States were Blacks

47% of population in Georgia were Blacks47% of population in Georgia were Blacks

1908 1908

**Georgia enacted the **Georgia enacted the Grandfather ClauseGrandfather Clause, which only allow , which only allow black males to vote if their grandfather or fathers were black males to vote if their grandfather or fathers were eligible to vote in 1867.eligible to vote in 1867.

**Strict voting requirements**Strict voting requirements

1. Own property1. Own property

2. Poll Tax2. Poll Tax

3. Literacy tests3. Literacy tests

****GerrymanderingGerrymandering established voting districts to weaken established voting districts to weaken Black voting powerBlack voting power

Two examples of Racial Injustice, Two examples of Racial Injustice, Fear, Scapegoating, and Ignorance in Fear, Scapegoating, and Ignorance in

GeorgiaGeorgiaAtlanta Race Riots of 1906Atlanta Race Riots of 19061.1. Politicians running for Politicians running for

Governor blamed Blacks Governor blamed Blacks for Georgia’s problemsfor Georgia’s problems

2.2. Newspaper printed false Newspaper printed false articles on Blacks articles on Blacks violating womenviolating women

3.3. White workers feared White workers feared losing jobs to Blackslosing jobs to Blacks

Leo Frank Case (1915)Leo Frank Case (1915)1.1. Frank accused and Frank accused and

convicted (with little convicted (with little evidence) of murdering evidence) of murdering 14 year old girl.14 year old girl.

2.2. When governor changed When governor changed Frank’s sentence from Frank’s sentence from death to life in prison.death to life in prison.

3.3. Anti-Jewish leaders told Anti-Jewish leaders told people to take matters in people to take matters in their own hands—broke their own hands—broke in prison and hanged in prison and hanged Frank in Marietta, GAFrank in Marietta, GA

4.4. Sparked resurgence of Sparked resurgence of KKKKKK

Atlanta Race Riot of 1906Atlanta Race Riot of 1906

Atlanta Race Riot of 1906:Atlanta Race Riot of 1906:1. Whites feared blacks around 1900 because they were competing for1. Whites feared blacks around 1900 because they were competing for

___________________.___________________.2. Even if blacks were well educated, whites believed that blacks were 2. Even if blacks were well educated, whites believed that blacks were

_________________ to them._________________ to them.3. Hox Smith and the Atlanta newspapers falsely accused black men of 3. Hox Smith and the Atlanta newspapers falsely accused black men of

attacking _________________ ______________.attacking _________________ ______________. 4. ______________ people were killed and ________________ more 4. ______________ people were killed and ________________ more

injured due to the riots in Atlanta.injured due to the riots in Atlanta.5. The race riots of 1906 and the 1990s were caused by deep 5. The race riots of 1906 and the 1990s were caused by deep

____________ __________________ in our nation that are not resolved.____________ __________________ in our nation that are not resolved.

Leo Frank CaseLeo Frank Case

Leo Frank Case:Leo Frank Case: 1. Under the plan called the ___________ ___________________, political 1. Under the plan called the ___________ ___________________, political

leaders in Georgia thought Northern industries will greatly benefit the state and citizens of leaders in Georgia thought Northern industries will greatly benefit the state and citizens of Georgia.Georgia.

2. There was _________________ difference that factory workers earned in 2. There was _________________ difference that factory workers earned in

comparison to working on farms. Eventually, those who moved to the cities from the comparison to working on farms. Eventually, those who moved to the cities from the

country ended up living in ______________country ended up living in ______________ ______________.______________.

3. Leo Frank, a __________, was falsely accused of murdering a 13 year old girl in the 3. Leo Frank, a __________, was falsely accused of murdering a 13 year old girl in the factory he managed.factory he managed.

4. Frank, as well as all northern industrial men, were treated as 4. Frank, as well as all northern industrial men, were treated as

___________________________ and blamed for most of the___________________________ and blamed for most of the problems Georgians faced problems Georgians faced

with new industrialization and urbanization.with new industrialization and urbanization.5. Governor _______________ ________________ changed Leo Frank’s sentence but 5. Governor _______________ ________________ changed Leo Frank’s sentence but

it cost him his political career.it cost him his political career.6. As a result, a mob kidnapped Frank from prison and ________________ him in 6. As a result, a mob kidnapped Frank from prison and ________________ him in

Marietta, Georgia.Marietta, Georgia.

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington

(1856 to 1915)(1856 to 1915)

Born as slave in Virginia Born as slave in Virginia (mixed)(mixed)

Learned to read and Learned to read and write while as a free write while as a free houseboyhouseboy

Studied to be a teacher Studied to be a teacher in Hampton, VAin Hampton, VA

1881 appointed 1881 appointed president of Tuskegee president of Tuskegee Institute in ALInstitute in AL

Booker T. Washington’s Views on Booker T. Washington’s Views on Civil RightsCivil Rights

September 18, 1895 September 18, 1895 Atlanta “Compromise” Atlanta “Compromise” Speech @Speech @

opening day ceremonies at Cotton Sates and opening day ceremonies at Cotton Sates and International ExpositionInternational Exposition

Washington accepted the races being separated for Washington accepted the races being separated for now, and that believed that social equality now, and that believed that social equality

““must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing. No race that has anything to contribute to the artificial forcing. No race that has anything to contribute to the markets of the world is long in any degree ostracized. It is markets of the world is long in any degree ostracized. It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercises of vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercises of these privileges. The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory these privileges. The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just now is worth infinitely more than the opportunity to spend a just now is worth infinitely more than the opportunity to spend a dollar in an opera-house.” dollar in an opera-house.”

Black must become economically independence before Black must become economically independence before they can achieve political and social equality!!!they can achieve political and social equality!!!

Booker T. Washington’s Booker T. Washington’s AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

1.1. Foremost Black leader (both Foremost Black leader (both educationally and politically) in the educationally and politically) in the late 1800slate 1800s

2.2. Raised funds to establish and Raised funds to establish and operate hundreds of small schools operate hundreds of small schools and black collegesand black colleges

3.3. Wrote his famous book Wrote his famous book Up from Up from SlaverySlavery

W.E.B. DuBoisW.E.B. DuBois

(1868 to 1963)(1868 to 1963)

Born in MassachusettsBorn in Massachusetts

First African American First African American to earn Ph.D. from to earn Ph.D. from Harvard University in Harvard University in 18951895

Became professor at Became professor at Atlanta University in Atlanta University in 18971897

Studied social conditions Studied social conditions of blacks in 1800sof blacks in 1800s

W.E.B. DuBois’ Views on Civil RightsW.E.B. DuBois’ Views on Civil Rights

1.1. He believed that Blacks need to protest the He believed that Blacks need to protest the social and political system NOW, and social and political system NOW, and demand social equality NOW!!demand social equality NOW!!

2. Renounced Washington’s “Atlanta 2. Renounced Washington’s “Atlanta Compromise Speech” (It was too Compromise Speech” (It was too accommodating to the present injustices of accommodating to the present injustices of the day, and the day, and onlyonly action will bring action will bring change!!)change!!)

3. Founder of Niagara Movement in 1905 with 3. Founder of Niagara Movement in 1905 with 29 other Black leaders in Niagara Falls, 29 other Black leaders in Niagara Falls, CanadaCanada

Du Bois, said in the Du Bois, said in the Niagara Niagara Movement’s Movement’s Manifesto,Manifesto,

““We want full We want full manhood suffrage manhood suffrage and we want it and we want it now…. We are now…. We are men! We want to men! We want to be treated as men. be treated as men. And we shall win.”And we shall win.”

W.E.B. Du Bois’ AccomplishmentsW.E.B. Du Bois’ Accomplishments1.1. One of the founders of Niagara Movement, One of the founders of Niagara Movement,

which eventually became the which eventually became the National National Association for the Advancement of Colored Association for the Advancement of Colored People People (NAACP)(NAACP)

2.2. Leader among Black authors and educator Leader among Black authors and educator throughout first half of 20throughout first half of 20thth century. century.

3.3. Contributed most influence on the Civil Contributed most influence on the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

4.4. Died one day before the March on Died one day before the March on Washington in 1963Washington in 1963

John HopeJohn Hope

(1868 to(1868 to 1936)1936)

Born to a Scottish father and Born to a Scottish father and Black mother who were Black mother who were married in Augusta, GAmarried in Augusta, GA

Treated well until father died Treated well until father died when John was 8.when John was 8.

Instead of passing off as Instead of passing off as just just white, he became proud of white, he became proud of his Black heritagehis Black heritage

Educated in New England, Educated in New England, and graduated from Brown and graduated from Brown University (RI) University (RI)

Became professor at Atlanta Became professor at Atlanta Baptist College in 1899Baptist College in 1899

John Hope’s Views on Civil RightsJohn Hope’s Views on Civil Rights

1.1. Shared same views as Du Bois that Shared same views as Du Bois that social action and protest will create social action and protest will create changechange

2.2. ““If we are not striving for equality, in If we are not striving for equality, in heaven’s name, for what are we living?” heaven’s name, for what are we living?” He believed that all Blacks must stand He believed that all Blacks must stand up for and “demand social equality.”up for and “demand social equality.”

3. Co-founder of Niagara Movement in 3. Co-founder of Niagara Movement in 19051905

John Hope’s AccomplishmentsJohn Hope’s Accomplishments

1.1. First Black president of Atlanta Baptist College First Black president of Atlanta Baptist College (Morehouse) in 1906, and Atlanta University in (Morehouse) in 1906, and Atlanta University in 1929.1929.

2.2. One of the community leaders which helped One of the community leaders which helped restore calm after Atlanta Riots in 1906.restore calm after Atlanta Riots in 1906.

3.3. President of National Association of Teachers President of National Association of Teachers and Colored Schoolsand Colored Schools

4.4. Worked with YMCA and National Studies of Worked with YMCA and National Studies of Negro Life and HistoryNegro Life and History

5.5. Lead in creating the Atlanta University Center Lead in creating the Atlanta University Center (consolidating six black schools)(consolidating six black schools)

6.6. Also advocated for job opportunities, better Also advocated for job opportunities, better housing, recreational facilities, and health care housing, recreational facilities, and health care throughout nationthroughout nation

Progressive Movement and Populist Progressive Movement and Populist PartyParty

Question from Video on Progressive Question from Video on Progressive MovementMovement 1. Gilded Age in America was a pleasant and successful time for all Americans?1. Gilded Age in America was a pleasant and successful time for all Americans?

True or FalseTrue or False

2. To end the corruption due to patronage among government officials, Congress in the 2. To end the corruption due to patronage among government officials, Congress in the 1880s passed the _________________ ___________________ ________1880s passed the _________________ ___________________ ________

to reform and create “honest” government.to reform and create “honest” government.

3. The Populist supported laws that benefited the interest of workers and farmers. Some of 3. The Populist supported laws that benefited the interest of workers and farmers. Some of their proposals were:their proposals were:

A. An _________________ ______________ to replace tariffs placed on farmers.A. An _________________ ______________ to replace tariffs placed on farmers. B. A ______________________ work weekB. A ______________________ work week C. The direct election of ____________________ and _____________ ballots.C. The direct election of ____________________ and _____________ ballots.

4.___________________________ believed in the end of capitalism, while most 4.___________________________ believed in the end of capitalism, while most ____________________________ wanted to reform business and government but keep ____________________________ wanted to reform business and government but keep capitalism and democracy.capitalism and democracy.

5. __________________________________ were writer/journalists who wrote novels that 5. __________________________________ were writer/journalists who wrote novels that exposed corruption in government and horrible conditions in business practices.exposed corruption in government and horrible conditions in business practices.

6. The Progressive Movement was responsible for a number of reforms in state and local 6. The Progressive Movement was responsible for a number of reforms in state and local governments, such as the secret ballot, the initiative, the recall, and the ________________ governments, such as the secret ballot, the initiative, the recall, and the ________________ ______________________ where voters choose the party’s nominees. ______________________ where voters choose the party’s nominees.

7. Progressive advocated for ___________________ ______________ to improve the 7. Progressive advocated for ___________________ ______________ to improve the “slave” conditions of factories.“slave” conditions of factories.

8. Blaming alcohol the root of most of society’s problems, the _________________________ 8. Blaming alcohol the root of most of society’s problems, the _________________________ movement wanted to prohibit the sale of liquor and beer. movement wanted to prohibit the sale of liquor and beer.

9.9. The Women’s _____________________ Movement believed that all women had the right to vote. The Women’s _____________________ Movement believed that all women had the right to vote. They claimed this right was stated in the ___________Amendment—yetThey claimed this right was stated in the ___________Amendment—yet they had to push for the they had to push for the

passage of the _____________ Amendment to finally earn this right.passage of the _____________ Amendment to finally earn this right.

10. ____________________ _______________________ was considered the first “Progressive” 10. ____________________ _______________________ was considered the first “Progressive” President. He called his progressive plan as the _______________________ President. He called his progressive plan as the _______________________

_________________________._________________________.

11. _____________________________ ______________ were enacted to destroy the power of 11. _____________________________ ______________ were enacted to destroy the power of monopolies, while several ______________________ Actsmonopolies, while several ______________________ Acts regulate the food and drug processing regulate the food and drug processing

industries.industries.

12. The 16th Amendment established a Federal ___________________ ___________. 12. The 16th Amendment established a Federal ___________________ ___________.

13. To protect our nation’s natural resources, Roosevelt advocated the 13. To protect our nation’s natural resources, Roosevelt advocated the _______________________ _______________________ system._______________________ _______________________ system.

14. Teddy Roosevelt’s Progressive Party nickname during the 1912 Presidential Election 14. Teddy Roosevelt’s Progressive Party nickname during the 1912 Presidential Election was thewas the _________________ _________________ Party._________________ _________________ Party.

15. The Democratic Party candidate, _________________ ____________________, 15. The Democratic Party candidate, _________________ ____________________, called his progressive plan the ____________________ ________________ and won the called his progressive plan the ____________________ ________________ and won the

election in 1912.election in 1912.

16. Although Progressives accomplished a number of reforms, the _______________16. Although Progressives accomplished a number of reforms, the ___________________________________ of Blacks improved very little during the first two decades of the 20th ____________________ of Blacks improved very little during the first two decades of the 20th

century.century.

17. When in first was formed, the _______________________ _______________________ for the 17. When in first was formed, the _______________________ _______________________ for the ______________________ of _________________ _______________________ supported Woodrow ______________________ of _________________ _______________________ supported Woodrow

Wilson but was dismayed when he appeared indifferent towards the mistreatment of Blacks.Wilson but was dismayed when he appeared indifferent towards the mistreatment of Blacks.

The Populist Party and Progressive The Populist Party and Progressive Movement in GeorgiaMovement in Georgia

1.1. Tom Watson and Populist PartyTom Watson and Populist Party a. RFD Bill (improvements made on roads and bridges) a. RFD Bill (improvements made on roads and bridges) b. Agricultural Extension Service and Smith-Hughes Act (Georgia laws b. Agricultural Extension Service and Smith-Hughes Act (Georgia laws

improving farming and vocational training) improving farming and vocational training) c. County Unit System (allowed smaller rural counties more voting power c. County Unit System (allowed smaller rural counties more voting power

in primaries) in primaries) ( 8 most had 6 each/next 30 had 4 each/ 121 other counties had 2 each) ( 8 most had 6 each/next 30 had 4 each/ 121 other counties had 2 each) 2.2. Civil RightsCivil Rights a. NAACP (white liberal and Niagara Movement formed to work for rights a. NAACP (white liberal and Niagara Movement formed to work for rights

of Blacks)of Blacks) b. National Urban League (interracial groups formed to solve urban b. National Urban League (interracial groups formed to solve urban

problems)problems)3.3. Women’s Suffrage Women’s Suffrage (19(19thth Amendment in 1920 but Georgia voted against) Amendment in 1920 but Georgia voted against)4.4. Child Labor LawsChild Labor Laws a. Set minimum wage for children (oppose to 2 cents an hour)a. Set minimum wage for children (oppose to 2 cents an hour) b. Laws required school attendance, forbade 13 hour days and working b. Laws required school attendance, forbade 13 hour days and working

around dangerous machinesaround dangerous machines5. 5. Temperance Movement Temperance Movement (Mary Harris Armor and Rebecca Felton in GA)(Mary Harris Armor and Rebecca Felton in GA) a. Outlaw sale of liquor near schools and churchesa. Outlaw sale of liquor near schools and churches b. 1881, 48 counties banned the sale of alcoholb. 1881, 48 counties banned the sale of alcohol C. Several more attempts before 18C. Several more attempts before 18thth Amendment in 1919 Amendment in 19196.6. Prison ReformPrison Reform Eliminated Convict Lease System; separated adults and children, juvenile Eliminated Convict Lease System; separated adults and children, juvenile

court in 1915court in 1915

Write a letter to the EditorWrite a letter to the Editor

On the handout, please write a page letter to the On the handout, please write a page letter to the editor of a newspaper. You are a person living editor of a newspaper. You are a person living in Georgia between 1877 and 1918, and want in Georgia between 1877 and 1918, and want to advocate and/or demand the reform of any of to advocate and/or demand the reform of any of the areas listed below:the areas listed below:

1.1. Shorter work week for factory workersShorter work week for factory workers

2.2. Federal Income tax to stop tariffsFederal Income tax to stop tariffs

3.3. Temperance MovementTemperance Movement

4.4. Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage

5.5. Election reform (County Unit system and direct elections)Election reform (County Unit system and direct elections)

6.6. Civil Rights for BlacksCivil Rights for Blacks

7.7. Child Labor LawsChild Labor Laws

8.8. Improve work conditions in factoryImprove work conditions in factory

9.9. Improve the food processing industryImprove the food processing industry

Standards focused on Economic Standards focused on Economic Changes in GeorgiaChanges in Georgia

SS8H7a The student will evaluate the impact of . . . Henry SS8H7a The student will evaluate the impact of . . . Henry Grady and International Cotton ExpositionGrady and International Cotton Exposition

SS8E1 The student will give examples of goods and services SS8E1 The student will give examples of goods and services produced in Georgia in different historical periods.produced in Georgia in different historical periods.

SS8E3 The student will evaluate the influence of Georgia’s SS8E3 The student will evaluate the influence of Georgia’s economic growth and development.economic growth and development.

B. Explain how entrepreneurs take risks to develop new B. Explain how entrepreneurs take risks to develop new goods and services to start a businessgoods and services to start a business

C. Evaluate the importance of entrepreneurs in Georgia such C. Evaluate the importance of entrepreneurs in Georgia such as enterprises Coca-Colaas enterprises Coca-Cola

Key Economic Components of the “New Key Economic Components of the “New South Era”South Era”

The New South was a concept conceived by Henry The New South was a concept conceived by Henry Grady:Grady:

a.a. Northern investmentNorthern investment

b.b. Southern Industrial growthSouthern Industrial growth

c.c. Atlanta the symbol of the New SouthAtlanta the symbol of the New South

1.1. Rise of Atlanta after Civil WarRise of Atlanta after Civil War

a. Fifty families remained in Atlanta after Civil a. Fifty families remained in Atlanta after Civil War to rebuild cityWar to rebuild city

b. Became state capital in 1868b. Became state capital in 1868

c. Competing railway companies build and c. Competing railway companies build and connect Atlanta with the seaports and rest of connect Atlanta with the seaports and rest of nation.nation.

2.2. New IndustriesNew Industries

a. Textile mills developed in Atlanta and a. Textile mills developed in Atlanta and Fall LineFall Line

b. Lumber b. Lumber

1. Paper products1. Paper products

2. Naval stores (pine tar, pitch, 2. Naval stores (pine tar, pitch, turpentine, etc.)turpentine, etc.)

3. Furniture3. Furniture

c. Miningc. Mining

1. kaolin (white clay for paper)1. kaolin (white clay for paper)

2. gold and coal2. gold and coal

3. bauxite (aluminum)3. bauxite (aluminum)

3.3. International Cotton ExpositionsInternational Cotton Expositions

a. Atlanta hosted them in 1881, 1887, and a. Atlanta hosted them in 1881, 1887, and 18951895

b. Exposition in 1895 had 800,000 visitors b. Exposition in 1895 had 800,000 visitors world-wide over three-month period and world-wide over three-month period and 6,000 exhibits6,000 exhibits

c. The exposition goals were to:c. The exposition goals were to:

1. Show how the South had recovered 1. Show how the South had recovered economicallyeconomically

2. Highlight Georgia’s and the rest of 2. Highlight Georgia’s and the rest of the south’s natural resourcesthe south’s natural resources

3. Attract northern investment and/or 3. Attract northern investment and/or industriesindustries

4.4. EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs

A. Rich’s Department StoresA. Rich’s Department Stores

1. Morris Rich began in 1867 and moved 1. Morris Rich began in 1867 and moved into downtown Atlanta in 1924. into downtown Atlanta in 1924.

2. Became the “Store to Shop At” due to:2. Became the “Store to Shop At” due to:

a. Involvement in community traditionsa. Involvement in community traditions

(i.e., Pink Pig, Christmas Tree and (i.e., Pink Pig, Christmas Tree and Hanukkah lightings)Hanukkah lightings)

b. Helping customers during hard b. Helping customers during hard timestimes

1. Farmers buy with farm produce1. Farmers buy with farm produce

2. Allowed teachers use of scrip2. Allowed teachers use of scrip

B. Coca- ColaB. Coca- Cola 1. After Civil War, Atlanta druggist John S. 1. After Civil War, Atlanta druggist John S.

Pemberton developed a “Nerve Pemberton developed a “Nerve Tonic’ or Tonic’ or “French Wine Cola.” “French Wine Cola.”

2. In 1885 attempted to change recipe due to 2. In 1885 attempted to change recipe due to Temperance Movement (remove Temperance Movement (remove

alcohol)alcohol) 3. In 1888 Pemberton sold rights to Asa 3. In 1888 Pemberton sold rights to Asa

Chandler for Chandler for $2,300 $2,300 4. 1892 sold drug store and started Coca-Cola 4. 1892 sold drug store and started Coca-Cola

Co.Co. 5. Woodruff’s bought company for $25 million 5. Woodruff’s bought company for $25 million

in in 1919—international success due to: 1919—international success due to: a. Advertisinga. Advertising b. Supplying U.S. soldiers and Europeans b. Supplying U.S. soldiers and Europeans

during during WWII WWII

c. Patented bottlec. Patented bottle

C. Alonzo HerndonC. Alonzo Herndon 1. Herndon was born in 1858 as a slave, and 1. Herndon was born in 1858 as a slave, and

worked worked as a sharecropper for three years. as a sharecropper for three years. 2. He moved to Atlanta to obtain a skill, which 2. He moved to Atlanta to obtain a skill, which

was was becoming a barber. becoming a barber. 3. Herndon eventually earned enough money to 3. Herndon eventually earned enough money to

start his own shop called the Crystal Palace.start his own shop called the Crystal Palace. 4. All of his employees were Black and all his 4. All of his employees were Black and all his

clients clients were white due to segregation in were white due to segregation in Atlanta.Atlanta.

5. Alonzo Herndon became the wealthiest Black 5. Alonzo Herndon became the wealthiest Black businessman in Atlanta by three attributes: businessman in Atlanta by three attributes:

a. Hard worka. Hard work b. Saving his moneyb. Saving his money c. Investing wiselyc. Investing wisely

6. Herndon exhibited his pride in his African- 6. Herndon exhibited his pride in his African- American heritage in his murals American heritage in his murals

at his home. at his home. They told of scenes They told of scenes from Africa, when Herndon from Africa, when Herndon was a slave, was a slave, and how he became successful.and how he became successful.