Science

Made By: Hana Saad

The Ecosystem

•What is a Ecosystem• What or who do you interact with everyday?

Living things and nonliving things interact in an ecosystem. An ecosystem is all the living and nonliving things in an area . Ecology is the study of how all these things interact in order to survive.

• An ecosystem may be very small, such as backyard or pond. Some ecosystems, like the pirarie ecosystem of North America, the deserts of africa , and rain forests of Brazil, cover large areas of country or Contient.

Abiotic factors The nonliving things parts of an ecoysystem is

Abiotic factors. All living things need certain nonliving things in order to survive. Abiotic factors include water,minerals,sunlight,air,climate,and soil.

All organisms ,or living things, need water. Their bodies are 50 to 95 percent water. The procces that keep living things alive _____ like photosenthesis and respiration__ can only take place in the presence of water. Living things also need minerals, such as calcium,iron,phosphorus, and nitrogion, some living things ,like plants and algee need sunlight to make food.

Abiotic Factors

•Biotic Factors• The Right abiotic factors help make it possible for

organisms in an ecosystem to survive. The living parts of are animals ,plants, fungi , protists , and bacteria. Mushrooms and molds are examples of fungi.

• Plants and alagee are called producers . They produce oxygen and food that animals need . Animals are consumers. Animals consume , or eat , plants or animals. Animals also gibe off carbon dioxide that plants need to make food. Fungi and bacteria are decomposers. They decompose, or break down, dead plants and animals into useful things like minerals that enrich soil.

The Black Land Prairie•Blackland prairies and associated savanna, woodland and forest

communities once covered•approximately 12 million acres in northeast and east central Texas, as

well as southwest Arkansas, and•northwest Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. By 1975, only 100,000

acres of blackland remnants•remained with less than 5,000 acres considered to be of high quality. It

is estimated that this rare•ecosystem historically spanned 321,000 acres in Arkansas. Surveys in

1989 showed less than 14,826•acres remained in relatively natural condition. Row-crop agriculture,

grazing, forestry, mining, and•urbanization have contributed to the loss of this unique landscape.

Altered fire regimes, invasive plant•species and habitat fragmentation pose major threats to remnants.

•To understand why the blackland prairie ecosystem is so rare in Arkansas, you must know a little about

•its geology. Millions of years ago, the Gulf of Mexico covered the southeastern United States. At one

•time, portions of southern and eastern Arkansas were on the gulf coast.

•A food chain is a diagram, of some sort, that describes how energy is passed from one living thing to the other. Commonly, there are three or four "levels" of a food chain - each level having the capacity of only one living thing per food chain. Level one usually contains a plant or tree (or some other producer); level two usually contains a herbivore or omnivore; level three usually contains a carnivore; level four usually contains humans, or a carnivore. An example of a food chain: [Sun -> Grass -> Zebra -> Lion

•The food chain is what animal eats what...like a bird eats grass then snake its bird then owl eats snake. So the owl is the king of the food chainA food chain is basically a diagram of who eats who the. An example of a food chain is: The sun gives energy to the green plant(this is called the producer) ie: grass, the grass is then ate by the rabbit(which is known as a primary consumer) and then the rabbit (called the secondary consumer) is then eaten by the fox (called the carnivore). The Sun will be the start of any food chain then will come the producer then the primary consumer, then the secondary consumer, then will come the carnivore at the top of the food chain If there is 6 in the food chain it will go like this: the Sun will start the food chain, the producer will come next, then will come the primary consumer, next will come the seconday consumer, after that will come the tertiary

consumer and finally the carnivore at the top of the food chain.

This is the Blackland Prairie

Questions

•Interactions of Living Things•A flowchart is a good way to show a sequence of events.

The events listed below are the sequence of event in a food chain. Read the first event in the first box. Then follow the arrows to the next event in the second box, and so on until you have read all the events.

• 1. The sun gives off energy. 2. Producers use sunlight to make food. 3. Primary consumers eat plants to stay alive. 4. Secondary consumers get energy by eating other consumers. 5. After consumer die, decomposers like fungi and bacteria break down their remains into chemicals.