ecoterm berlin, april 2005 gilw/fao margherita.sini@fao

Food and Agriculture

Organization of the UN

Library and Documentation

Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 1

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

The Agricultural Ontology Service:

a FAO initiative for more coherence in

Agricultural Information Systems

ECOTERMBerlin, April 2005

GILW/FAO [email protected]




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 2

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Outline

• Why AOS• AGROVOC Concept Server

– Phase 1– Phase 2

• Metadata Schemas and Ontologies• The FAO Clearinghouse initiative




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 3

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Why AOS

vessel ? boat ? craft ? ship ?

vessel

barqueor

container




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 4

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Consequently

There is a need of a semantic approach

Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs)

Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS)Federated storage and

description facility




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 5

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

AOS Elements

AGROVOCConcept Server

Ontology Registry

Sub-domainontologies

Metadataontologies

• Domain concepts• Categories




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 6

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

AGROVOC Concept Server




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 7

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

AGROVOC Concept Server

• Implementation phases– Phase 1: AGROVOC improvement

• Cleaning phase• Conversion it into a more semantic representation• Export AGROVOC in several more standardized and

formalised format (SKOS and OWL)• Integration of elements from the FAO glossary and

the FAOTERM terminology system

– Phase 2: Integrating and mapping additional terminologies (CGIAR, CAT)




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 8

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

CS #1: AGROVOC cleaning and refinement

CurrentAGROVOC

ImprovedAGROVOC AGROVOC

SKOS

AGROVOC OWL

AnnotationTool

Using 3 Techniques: 1) Pattern matching 2) WordNet alignment 3) Rules 3.1) Expert Defined Rules 3.2) Semi-automatically Learned Rules




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 9

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

CS #1: Annotation Tool (2)




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 10

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

The rules-as-you-go approach (1)

Exploit patterns to automate the conversion process

1. An editor has determined thatmilk NT cow milk should become milk <includesSpecific> cow milk

2.She recognizes that this is an example of the general pattern milk NT * milk milk <includesSpecific> * milk (where * is the wildcard character)

3.Given this pattern, the system can derive automaticallymilk NT goat milk should become milk <includesSpecific> goat milk

and milk <includesSpecific> buffalo milk




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 11

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

The rules-as-you-go approach (2)

• Pattern: Substance NT/RT Substance

Substance <containsSubstance> Substance

• Pattern Animal RT BodyPart Animal <hasComponent> BodyPart

• Pattern Taxon RT FoodProduct Taxon <usedToMake> FoodProduct




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 12

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Undifferentiated relationships from AGROVOC

Edited relationships

milk NT cow milkmilk NT goat milkmilk NT buffalo milkmilk NT milk fatmilk RT milk proteinmilk RT lactosecow RT cow milk goats RT goat milkewes RT ewe milkgoat milk RT goat cheeseewe milk RT ewe cheeseacid soils BT chemical soil typesacrisols BT genetic soil typesalkaline soils BT chemical soil typesaluvial soils BT lithological soil typeschemical soil types BT soil typesCichorium BT AsteraceaeCichorium endivia BT Cichorium

milk <includesSpecific> cow milkmilk <includesSpecific> goat milkmilk <includesSpecific> buffalo milkmilk <containsSubstance> milk fatmilk <containsSubstance> milk proteinmilk <containsSubstance> lactosecows <hasComponent> cow milk goats <hasComponent> goat milkewes <hasComponent> ewe milkgoat milk <containsSubstance> goat cheeseewe milk <containsSubstance> ewe cheeseacid soils <isa> chemical soil typesacrisols <isa> genetic soil typesalkaline soils <isa> chemical soil typesaluvial soils <isa> lithological soil typeschemical soil type <isa> soil typesCichorium <isa> AsteraceaeCichorium endivia <isa> CichoriumCichorium intybus <isa> Cichorium




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 13

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Maintenance Area

CS: Phase #1

ImprovedAGROVOC

MySQL

AGROVOCSKOS

AGROVOC OWL




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 14

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Maintenance Area

CS: Phase #2

AGROVOCMySQL

AGROVOCSKOS

AGROVOC OWL

Other Thesauri

integrate

if needed




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 15

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

CS enrichment

• Multilinguality– Japanese (new), Hungarian, Korean, Lao, Marati

• Agricultural terms: 4000• Thesauri:

– IWMI– CIP– CIAT

• Chinese Agricultural Thesaurus• Definitions




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 16

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Concept

Relationshipsbetweenconcepts

Lexicalization/Term

String

Relationshipsbetweenstrings

Relationshipsbetweenterms

designated by

manifested asOther information:language/culture

subvocabulary/scopeaudiencetype, etc.

Note

annotation relationship

Relationship

RelationshipsbetweenRelationships




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 17

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

AOS issues

• Relationships (concept level, term level, string level)

• URI• Versioning• Quality control• Class / Instances• Performance• Reasoners




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 18

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

AGROVOC OWL: sample




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 19

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Instances




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 20

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Metadata Schemes and Ontologies




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 21

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Metadata Schemas as Ontologies

• The ontology layer offers:– the possibility of reasoning within the domain through

precise specifications of concepts, relations, and rules– the possibility of inferring new data from existing data

rights

gmodc:title

dc:author

dc:subject

---- --- -----Document--- ---- ----- -------

Resource

<dc:title /><dc:creator/>< />< />< />

Metadata schema / APMetadata Ontology

Sub-domain(subject) ontology

+ authority files




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 22

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

A bibliographical metadata ontology

The ontology is composed of:• concepts• relationships between concepts• instances

FAOBIB DOCREP

Merge+

Transform




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 23

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Ontology Portal for the Food, Nutrition and Agriculture Journal




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 24

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

The FAO Clearinghouse initiative




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 25

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

The FAO Clearinghouse initiative

• Clearinghouse for Information Management Standards in Agriculture:– to facilitate collaboration, partnership and

networking among partners by promoting information exchange and knowledge sharing.

– to amalgamate the decentralized efforts currently taking place on development of methodologies, standards and applications for management of agricultural information systems; consequently, providing a ‘one-stop’ access to system designers and implementers.




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 26

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

The FAO Clearinghouse initiative: goals

• to establish a network of partners who adhere and agree to the primary goal of the initiative “to provide unified and free access to information management approaches and tools”,

• to bring together information about currently available standards (such as thesauri, classification schemes, metadata sets, ontologies, controlled vocabularies) used in management of Agricultural Information,

• to encourage the re-use of these standards to facilitate interoperability between information systems,

• to increase awareness of these freely available resources, • to promote sharing of good practice examples, and • to provide channels for communication between different

actors in the community.




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 27

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Overall picture

Concept Server

• Subject concepts• Categories

Clearinghouse

Registry of Metadata Elements

<dc:title /><ags:citation />< />< />< />

Subjectontologies

Metadataand APontologies

KOS registry

kos




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 28

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

The FAO Clearinghouse web site




Systems Division

Margherita Sini

Slide 29

April 2005

FAO's Agricultural

Ontology Service

ECOTERMBerlin 2005

Johannes Keizer Fynvola LehunteWard

Anita LiangGauri Salokhe

Margherita Sini

http://www.fao.org/agris/aos/

Sixth Agricultural Ontology Service Workshop on

"Ontologies: the more practical issues and experiences“

July 25-28, 2005, Vila Real, Portugal

Thank you.

ecoterm berlin, april 2005 gilw/fao margherita.sini@fao

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