edge tutorial 2000

8/9/2019 Edge Tutorial 2000

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Enhanced Data-rates for Global

Evolution (EDGE) :

An Overview


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Executive Summary


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WIRELESS COMPUTING

WIRELESS

GROWTH

INTERNET

GROWTH

RF & DIGITAL

TECHNOLOGY

MOBILE

SOFTWARE


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DRIVERS FOR

WIRELESS DATA

1995 2000

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

cellular + PCS subs

Milli

ons

annual laptop sales

laptop users

Internet users

USA market


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Wireless Data Terminals

Nokia 9110 Nokia3G visionSierra PCMCIA

CDPD ModemThe new

Ericsson R380

phone, which

features wireless

data functions


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EDGE Technology

Evolutionary path to 3G services for GSM and TDMA

operators

Builds on General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) airinterface and networks

Phase 1 (Release99 & 2002 deployment) supports best

effort packet data at speeds up to about 384 kbps

Phase 2 (Release2000 & 2003 deployment) will add Voice

over IP capability


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GPRS Airlink

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

Same GMSK modulation as GSM

4 channel coding modes Packet-mode supporting up to about 144 kbps

Flexible time slot allocation (1-8)

Radio resources shared dynamically between speech and

data services

Independent uplink and downlink resource allocation


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EDGE Airlink

Extends GPRS packet data with adaptive modulation/coding

2x spectral efficiency of GPRS for best effort data

8-PSK/GMSK at 271 ksps in 200 KHz RF channels supports

8.2 to 59.2 kbps per time slot

Supports peak rates over 384 kbps Requires linear amplifiers with < 3 dB peak to average power

ratio using linearized GMSK pulses

Initial deployment with less than 2x 1 MHz using 1/3 reuse

with EDGE Compact as a complementary data service


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GPRS Networks

consists of packet wireless access network and IP-based

backbone

shares mobility databases with circuit voice services and

adds new packet switching nodes (SGSN & GGSN)

will support GPRS, EDGE & WCDMA airlinks

provides an access to packet data networks

Internet

X.25

provides services to different mobile classes ranging from 1-slot to 8-slot capable

radio resources shared dynamically between speech and

data services


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EDGE System Performance

0

10

20

30

40

50

6070

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Probability throughput < = X per timeslot

X (kb/s)

26 users/sector at 3.84 kbps average load per user

010

20

30

40

50

6070

80

90

100

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Probability packet delay < = X

X (msec)

%%


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EDGE Evolution

Best effort IP packet data on EDGE

Voice over IP on EDGE circuit bearers

Voice over IP with statistical radio resource multiplexing

Network based intelligent resource assignment

Smart antennas & adaptive antennas

Downlink speeds at several Mbps based on wideband

OFDM and/or multiple virtual channels


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EDGE for 3G Wireless: Outline

3G Wireless Data Overview

EDGE history & standards activity

The EDGE radio link & radio system GPRS/EDGE networks

EDGE Classic and EDGE Compact

Technology Roadmap for PerformanceEnhancements

Conclusions


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3G according to ITU

The ITU vision of global wireless access in the 21st century,

including mobile and fixed access, IMT is aimed at providing

direction to the many related technological developments in

this area to assist the convergence of these essentially

competing wireless access technologies..

3G Proposals

http://www.itu.int/imt/2-radio-dev/index.html/


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IMT-2000:

Terrestrial RTT Harmonization

TD-SCDMAGlobal

CDMA IUTRAWIMS WCDMA/NA

Global

CDMA IIUWC-136W-CDMA DECTcdma2000

WP-CDMA

3GPP2

TDMACDMA

IMT-2000GOAL

3GPP

KoreaUSA USA USAJapanEurope China Europe


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KEY APPLICATIONS

Current: ~10 kb/s, circuit/packet

Fax

Short-messaging

Being evolved to ~50-100 kb/s peak rate

Needed to make wireless data attractive:

Web Browsing - downlink bandwidth hungry

FTP or Emails with file attachment - both links

3G: Multimedia, mainly packet

Wide-area, low mobility, 384 kb/s

Wide-area, high mobility, 144 kb/s

Indoor, 2 Mb/s

Beyond 3G ?


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Radio Technology Evolution

High Speed Services

Nominal Rates:

At least 144 kbps macrocell

At least 384 kbps outdoor pedestrian

At least 2 Mbps indoor

=> 1-2 Mbps or higher in macrocell

Support emerging IP-based services

Real-time and non real-time

Optimized for packet-switched operation Support appropriate QoS definitions

Data and multimedia services


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IMT-2000 Spectrum

WRC 92

50+ MHz x 2

1900 and 2100 MHz

Prospects Europe - UMTS spectrum similar

Japan - yes

Asia - mixed but positive

US - 1900 spectrum allocated for PCS (requiresspectrum clearing for 3G; WCDMA is not attractive)

~30 MHz at 700 MHz to be auctioned


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Technology Evolution to IMT-

2000 RadioAccess

GSM

PDC

TDMA

(IS-136)

CDMA

(IS-95)

GSM+GPRS

TDMA

IS-136+

CDMA 3G-1X

UWC-136 HS

(EDGE)

UMTS/W-CDMA

EDGE/GPRS

cdma2000

IMT-2000

Systems

Existing

SpectrumNew

Spectrum

?

?


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Current Cellular Approaches

Cellularcoverage is designed for voice service

Area outage, e.g. < 10% or < 5%.

Minimal, but equal, service everywhere.

Cellularsystems are designed for voice 20 ms framing structure Strong FEC, interleaving and decoding delays.

Spectral Efficiency

around 0.04-0.07 bps/Hz/sector

comparable for TDMA and CDMA


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Data Service Approaches

Bursty: Circuit => Packet

Need to widen the data pipe:

Multi-bearer: multi-slot, multi-code Enhanced TX rate:

TDMA: Enhanced/adaptive modulation/coding and Incremental

Redundancy (Generalized Hybrid Type II ARQ) e.g., EDGE

CDMA: Variable processing gain, e.g., WCDMA

New systems, e.g., OFDM with dynamic packet assignment


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Conclusions


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GPRS-136 HS

UWCC sets high speed packet data

requirements (Jan 98)

must support 384kbps packet data

must be deployed within 1 MHz High spectrum efficiency

economy of scale

Results: GPRS-136HS EDGE


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History

In June of 1998 UWCC decided to create a

standard for TDMA Packet Data based on

the GPRS technology

This gave the benefit in economies of scalefor development and production of both

mobile stations and network infrastructure


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History...

Another benefit of this choice was that the existingGPRS standard could be use as a baseline,allowing for a standard that could be developed

very quickly The decision was connected to the decision toutilize the EDGE structure for the 136HS outdoorcomponent of the UWC-136 3G RTT proposal toITU

The use of EDGE channels for TDMA packet datawill be standardized during 1999 and is calledGPRS-136HS


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GPRS-136HS

UWCC has developed an RTT candidate for IMT-

2000 called UWC-136

UWC-136 outdoor component allows for a user bit

rate of 384 kbps and an initial deployment that doesnot require clearance of more than 1 MHz of

spectrum

The work to develop this standard will be done in

the UWCC/GTF/PDFG and TIA TR-45.3 and will beusing the physical layer and the RLC/MAC layers

from EDGE


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Global TDMA Convergence

UWC-136 GSM

Global EDGE

UWCC

PDFG

EDGE

Compact

ETSISMG2

EDGE

Classic


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GSMNetwork

ANSI-136Network

ANSI-136 GSM

IW MAPIW MAPIWIW ANSI-41ANSI-41

EGPRSEGPRS

UWC-136/EDGEUWC-136/EDGE

TCP/IP

Network

Mobility Gateway

Global TDMA Convergence


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Conclusions


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EDGE modulations


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Multi-mode radio link

Scheme Modulation Maximum

rate [kb/s]

Code Rate Header Code

Rate

Blocks

per 20 ms

Family

MCS-9 59.2 1.0 0.36 2 A

MCS-8 54.4 0.92 0.36 2 A

MCS-7 44.8 0.76 0.36 2 B

MCS-6 29.6 / 27.2 0.49 1/3 1 A

MCS-5

8PSK

22.4 0.37 1/3 1 B

MCS-4 17.6 1.0 0.53 1 C

MCS-3 14.8 / 13.6 0.80 0.53 1 A

MCS-2 11.2 0.66 0.53 1 B

MCS-1

GMSK

8.8 0.53 0.53 1 C


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Example: Family A

Coding and puncturing for MCS-9; uncoded 8PSK,two RLC

blocks per 20 ms

P2 P3P1 P2

puncturingpuncturing

1836 bits

USFRLC/MAC

Hdr.

36 bits

Rate 1/3 convolutional coding

135 bits

612 bits

612 bits124 bits36 bitsSB = 8

1392 bits

45 bits

Data = 592 bits BCS TB

612 bits

612 b its 612 b its

1836 bits


EFBIData = 592 bits BCS TBEFBI

612 bits 612 bits 612 bits

P3 P1

3 bits

HCS

puncturing


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Example: Family A...

Coding and puncturing for MCS-6; rate 0.49 8PSK,

one RLC block per 20 ms

P2P1

puncturing

1836 bits

USFRLC/MAC

Hdr.Data = 74 octets = 592 bits BCS

36 bits


99 bits

612 bits


1392 bits

33 bits

TBFBI EHCS

3 bits

1248 bits

+1 bit


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Example: Family A...

Coding and puncturing for MCS-3; rate 0.80 GMSK,

one RLC block per 20 ms

P1 P3P2

puncturing

948 bits

USFRLC/MAC

Hdr.Data = 37 octets = 296 bits BCS

12 bits


108 bits

316 bits


464 bits

36 bits

TBFBI EHCS

3 bits

372 bits 372 bits

puncturing


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EDGE Link Throughput

9

GMSK

8-PSK

MCS-1

MCS-9

8-PSK

GMSK


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0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

2 5 0

3 0 0

9 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5

s ing le -s lo t

Mult i - s lo t

Average User Throughput (kb/s)

Multi-slot Gain

Ave. # of users per sector


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Incremental Redundancy(IR)

Send redundancy only ifnecessary

Generalized Type-II ARQ

Finer granularity of code rate Example Data Parity

Rate 11st attempt

Rate 1/22nd attempt

Rate 1/33rd attempt

Transmitter

Receiver


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State Diagram for IR

DataBlock

ErrorDetection

ARQ

Error

Detection

Accept data

block

Block

in error

No error

Initial data

transmission

Block

in error

Transmit

parity or

data sub-block

No error

Deliver to upper layer


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IR Gain

Avg..

throughput

vs..

Loading


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EDGE for 3G Wireless:

Outline






Conclusions


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Network Architecture Example

GPRSGPRS+

IPX.25new

protocol ?

GSMGPRSEDGE

WCDMA

Wireless AccessNetwork

CoreNetwork

(IP based)

Packet DataNetwork


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Deployment Scenario

GPRSbackbone

SGSNGGSN

GGSN

BG

PublicInternet

Backbone

router

routerserver

router

SGSN

Edge

Edge

GPRSbackbone

GGSN

GGSNBG

SGSN

WCDMA

Inter-operator

GPRS


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GPRS-136 Architecture

Gf GiGn

Gb'

C-D

Gp

Gs'

Signalling and Data Transfer Interface

Signalling Interface

TE MT BS TEPDN

R Um'

GrGPRS

HLR

Other PLMN

SGSN

GGSN

ANSI-41

HLR/AC

GGSN

EIR

SGSN

Gn

ANSI-41

Serving

MSC/VLR

ANSI-41

Gateway-

MSC/VLR

E

ANSI-41

MC/OTAF

N

SME

MQ

C-D

Gc


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Relay

NetworkService

GTP

ApplicationIP / X.25

SNDCP

LLC

RLC

MAC

GSM RF

SNDCP

LLC

BSSGP

L1bis

RLC

MAC

GSM RF

BSSGP

L1bis

Relay

L2

L1

IP

L2

L1

IP

GTP

IP / X.25

Um Gb Gn GiMS BSS SGSN GGSN

NetworkService

UDP /TCP

UDP /TCP

GTP GPRS TunnelingProtocolSNDCP Sub-network Dependent Convergence ProtocolBSSGP Base Station System GPRS ProtocolLLC Logical Link ControlRLC Radio Link Control

Protocol Stack:Transmission Plane


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GSM Architecture


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E l f k t


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Example for packet

routing in GPRS

E l f GPRS I t t


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Example of GPRS Internet

Connection


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Conclusions


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Compact versus Classic

Fundamental difference is the frequency reuse and

minimum startup spectrum: Compact (1/3 and 2x 600 kHz)

and for Classic (4/12 and 2x 2.4 MHz)

Classic is specified by ETSI SMG2

Compact is specified by the PDFG of the UWCC Compact achieves 4/12 reuse on control channels by

combining 4/4 time reuse with 1/3 space reuse

Compact achieves 2x spectral efficiency of Classic on

traffic channels by combining 1/3 reuse with partial

loading


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1/3 Frequency Re-use


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1/3 Frequency Re-use

(EDGE Compact)

3 x 200 kHz carrier, reused in every site


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Control Channels for Compact

F2

Time

Group 3

F1

Time

Group 4

F1

Time

Group 1

F3Time

Group 3

F2

Time

Group 2

F1Time

Group 2

F3

Time

Group 4

F2

Time

Group 1F3

Time

Group 2

F2

Time

Group 4

F1

Time

Group 3

F3Time

Group 1

F3

Time

Group 2

F2

Time

Group 4

F1

Time

Group 3

F3Time

Group 1

F2

Time

Group 3

F1Time

Group 4

F3

Time

Group 2

F1

Time

Group 2

F1Time

Group 4

F3

Time

Group 2

F2

Time

Group 3

F1

Time

Group 4

F1

Time

Group 2

F3

Time

Group 4

F2

Time

Group 1

F3

Time

Group 3

F2

Time

Group 4F3

Time

Group 1

F2

Time

Group 2

F2

Time

Group 1

F3

Time

Group 3

F2

Time

Group 2

F3

Time

Group 4

4/99,UWCC.GTF.PDFG: agreed on a time-reusesolution to provide control channels with good reliability


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Compact Prerequisites

Base Station Frame Synchronization - so that all

base stations can be switched on/off synchronously

to achieve reuse in time

Modified air-interface protocols - to be able to

handle the resulting discontinuous nature of

transmissions


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Control/Traffic Channel

Reuse for Compact

Reuse for control and reuse for traffic channels are

independent of each other

The actual reuse employed - for traffic or control - is operator

controlled and limited only by the available spectrum Typically, 4/12 is used for control and 1/3 for traffic.

However, other combinations are also possible subject to

performance requirements, environment and spectrum

availability.


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010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

3/9 reuse

4/12 reuse

Prob. (BLER > =X) (%)

X

(%)

Control Channel Performance


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The EDGE radio link & radio system

GPRS/EDGE networks



Conclusions


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Performance Enhancements for EDGE

Link Improvement:

Terminal diversity and interference suppression

Base smart antennas

Base and terminal diversity: MIMO Transmit diversity: e.g., S-T codes

Medium Access Control:

Mode 0

Time-slot management (Dynamic Packet Assignment)


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Improvement by Terminal Diversity and


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0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

1 0 0

0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0

Bps/Hz/site (%)


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

100 200 300 400 500

Ave. User Packet Delay (msec)

Throughput per site (kb/s)

Improvement by Terminal Diversity and

Interference Suppression for Compact: System

Implication

Improvement by Downlink Smart Antenna


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p o e e t by o S a t te a

for Compact: User Experience

010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Baseline

Smart Antenna

Prob. (throughput


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0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

1 0 0

0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0

Bps/Hz/site (%)


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

100 200 300 400 500



Improvement by Downlink Smart Antenna for

Compact: System Implication

4 beams/sector; fixed


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Mode 0

No transmission mode: Mode 0 Delay assigning resource to a user if its channel quality is not

good

Cutoff Threshold to delay transmissions

Features Reduce unnecessary retransmissions

Control traffic load

Improve spectrum efficiency


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Improvement by Mode-0for Compact:

User Experience

010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

w/o Mode-0

with Mode-0

Prob. (throughput


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Improvement by Mode-0:

System Implication

Bps/Hz/site (%)


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

100 200 300 400 500

Without Mode-0

With Mode-0



Interference Management


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Synch CDMA

Dynamic Power Channel Allocation Algor 1

Dynamic Power Channel Allocation Algor 2

Dynamic Channel Allocation Algor 1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

5 7.5 10 12.5 15

SNR (dB)

Efficie

ncy

Results are from G. J. Pottie, System Design Choices in Personal Communications,

IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, Oct. 1995, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 50-67.

g

(Averaging vs. Avoidance)

Efficiency: IS-136 4%; IS-95 4 to 7%; GSM 4%(3 Sectors/cell)

TDMA with Dynamic Assignment

can achieve better efficiency than CDMA!

Measurement Based


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Measurement-Based

Dynamic Packet Assignment

RPA: random packet

assignment

LI-DPA: least interference

based dynamic packet

assignment

15%-30% gain in capacity

Implementation requirements

SINR measurements at

terminal

Low latency signaling

channel over the air

240 320280


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The EDGE radio link & radio system

GPRS/EDGE networks



Conclusions

C l i


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Conclusions

EDGE is a 3G technology offering a common migration

path and convergence for GSM and TDMA operators

EDGE Compact can be deployed with < 2x 1 MHz of

spectrum

EDGE supports IP packet data at peak rates > 384 kbps Voice over IP is planned for EDGE R2000 standards


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Conclusions, cont.

Link adaptation and Incremental Redundancy improve wireless datathroughput

High rates @ good SIR, smoothly adapting to low rates

Less redundancy transmitted if not needed

Tight reuse (1/3) improves spectrum efficiency

Soft capacity with partial loading Also good for initial startup with small spectrum

Uses time reuse with synchronized base stations to address common

control channel performance issues

Possible Enhancements:

PHY: Diversity & Interference Suppression, smart antennas, MIMO... MAC: Intelligent channel assignment

edge tutorial 2000

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