SOCIAL DIMENSIONS

OF EDUCATIONPresented by:

Randreb, Tess, Abby & Tina

CONSENSUS AND

CONFLICT THEORY

Consensus: is a general or widespread agreement among all members

of a particular society.

Conflict : is a clash between ideas principles

and people

See shared norms and values as fundamental to society, focus on social order based on tacit agreements, and view social change as occurring in a slow and orderly fashion.

Consensus theorists examine value integration in society.

Consensus is a concept of society in which the absence of conflict is seen as the equilibrium state of society based

on the general or widespread agreement among all members of a particular society

CONSENSUS THEORY

CONFLICT THEORY Emphasizes the dominance of some social groups by other, see social

order as based on manipulation and control by dominant groups and in a disorderly fashion as subordinate groups overthrow dominant group.

Conflict theorist examine conflict of interest and the coercion that hold the society together in the face of these stresses.

Conflict theory ask how school contribute to the unequal distribution of people into jobs in society so that more powerful members of society

maintain the best positions and the less powerful group (often women, racial and ethnic group) often minority groups are

allocated into lower ranks in society.

Social structures produce patterns of inequality in the distribution of scarce resources

Conflict

Reorganization and Change

CONFLICT MODEL

Bourgeoisie (rich owners)

VERSUSProletariat (poor workers)

STRUCTURALFUNCTIONALISM

Action System by Talcott ParsonADAPTATION - a system must cope with external

situational exigencies. It must adapt to its environment and adapt environment to its needs.

GOAL ATTAINMENT - a system must define and achieve its primary goals.

INTEGRATION - a system must regulate the interrelationship of its component parts.

It must also manage the relationship among other three functional imperatives .

LATENCY - a system must furnish, maintain, & renew both the motivation of individuals & the cultural patterns that

create & sustain the motivation.

SOCIAL SYSTEMConsist of plurality of individual actors

interacting with each other in a situation which has at least a physical or

environmental aspect in which they are motivated to the “optimization of gratification”

and whose relation to their situations, including each other, is defined and

mediated in terms of a systemculturally structured and shared symbols.

CULTURAL SYSTEM

ACTION SYSTEM

SOCIAL SYSTEM

PERSONALITY SYSTEM

Structure of the General Action System

Key Principles of the Functionalist Theory

1. Interdependence

2. Functions of Social Structure & Culture

3. Consensus and Cooperation

4. Equilibrium

Structural-Functional Model

Social structures provide preset patterns which evolve to meet

human needs

Stability, order and harmony

Maintenance of society

INTERACTIONISTTHEORIES

In general, interactionist theories about the relation of school and

society are critiques and extension of the functionalist and conflict

perspective. The critiques arises from the observation that functionalist

and conflict theories are very abstract and emphasize structure and process

at a societal level of analysis.

While this level of analysis helps us to understand education in the “big

picture” , macro-sociological theories hardly provide us with an interpretable

snap-shot of what schools are like on an everyday level.

WHAT DO STUDENTS AND TEACHERS ACTUALLY

DO IN SCHOOL?

Interactionist theories attempt to make the “commonplace strange” by

turning on their heads everyday taken-for-granted behaviors and

interactions between students and students and between students and

teachers. It is exactly what most people do not question

that is most problematic to the interactionist.

For example, the processes by which students are labelled

“gifted” or “learning disabled” are, from an interactionist point

of view, important to analyze because such processes carry

with them many implicit assumptions about learning and

children.

SYMBOLICINTERACTIONISM

- individual is related to society through on going social interactions.

- views the self as socially constructed in relation to social forces and structures and the product of on going negotiations of meanings. Thus the social self is an active product of human agency rather than a deterministic product of social structure.

-interactionist are, of course, interested notsimply in socialization but also interaction ingeneral which of “vital importance in itsown rights.”

-interaction is the process which the ability tothink is both developed and expressed.In most interaction, actors must take others into consideration and decide if and how to fittheir activities to others.

Principles of Symbolic Interactionism

1. Human beings unlike lower animals are endowed with a capacity for thought.

2. The capacity for thought is shaped by social interaction.

3. In social interaction, people learn the meanings and the symbols that allow them to exercise their distinctively human capacity for thought.

4. Meanings and symbols allow people to carry on distinctively human action and interaction.

5. People are able to modify or alter meanings and symbols that they use in action and interaction on the basis of their interpretation of the situation.

6. People are able to make these modifications and alterations because, in part of their ability to interact with themselves, which allows them to examine possible courses of action, assess their relative advantages and disadvantages, and then choose one.

7. The intertwined patterns of action and interaction make up groups and societies.

NON-SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

Does not involve or requirehighly thinking about

certain things

ACCORDING TO MEAD:

1. People act towards the thingsthey encounter on the basis of what those things mean to them. (context, objects, people activities and situations)

2. We learn things by observing how other people respond to them, that is through social interaction.

3. Words, gestures, facial expressions and body posture we use in dealing others acquire symbolic meanings shared by people who belongs in the same culture.

ACCORDING TO BLUMER:

Objects are seen simply out there in the real world and its significance is the way that they are defined by actors. Different objects have different meanings for individuals. He classified in into 3 types:1.Physical objects – chair, tree2.Social objects – student, mother3.Abstract objects – ideas, moral principles

The interaction determines meaning on the basis of 1) a cognitive interpretation, and 2) a practical handling of an object on the basis of that interpretation. He asserts that symbols play an important role in this meaning-giving process.

ACCORDING TO COOLEY:

Symbolic interaction is the “looking-glass self” or so-called “self mirroring”.

“ We see ourselves as others see us.”

We develop a self image on the basis of the messages we get from others, as we understand them.

ACCORDING TO STONE (1962):

Symbolic interactionism is the concept of "self-identity“

Self-identity is knowledge that the self exists.

Self-identity permits communication and other interactions with the self which, in turn, produce "self-definition."

Self-definition is a simultaneous recognition of self, and of a beyond-self reality.

THANK YOU FORLISTENING

Short quiz: ½ crosswise yellow pad

1.What is a Social System? How it is important in maintaining the equilibrium balance of the society?

2. Differentiate the Symbolic Interaction Theory of Cooley and Blumer.

NAME:___________________________________________________ SCORE:_________

YEAR/COURSE:___________

A- Identification:

_______________ 1. It is a general widespread agreement among all members of particular society.

_______________ 2. We see ourselves as others see us.

_______________ 3. Consist of plurality of individual actors interacting with each other.

_______________ 4. It is a clash between ideas principle and people.

_______________ 5. An interaction which does not require or involve highly thinking.

B- Modified True or False: Read each item carefully. Write the word “OK “ if the statement is true and if it is false, encircle the word that made it untrue. Write the best answer on the blank provided.

__________________1. According to Stone’s observation, Symbolic Interactionism is the concept of looking-glass self.

__________________2. Interaction is the process by which the ability to think is both developed and expressed.

__________________3. Cooley said that objects are seen simply out there in the real world and its significance is the way that they are defined by actors.

__________________4. Non-Symbolic Interactionism views the self ass socially constructed in relation to social forces and social structures.

__________________5. In structural-functional model, social structures provide preset patterns which involve to meet the human needs.

C- Enumeration:

Action System by Talcott Parson:

1.2.3.4.

Three types of object in the real world according to Blumer:

5.6.7.

Key principles of Functionalist Theory:

8. 9.10.11.

Structure of the General Action System:

12.13.14.15.

D- Essay (5 pts.) Why is it that social interactionism is important for human?

Meycauayan CollegeArea of Education Arts and Sciences

Meycauayan City, Bulacan

Short Quiz in Social Dimension (Chapter I)