Educating The Adult WorkforceAn Economic and Demographic Necessity

Presented by

03 November2011

Dr. James L. ApplegateVice President, Lumina Foundation

The Big GoalTo increase the percentage of Americans

who hold high-quality degrees and credentials to 60 percent by 2025.

• 278,000 graduates per year, every year

• A 6.3% annual increase• Current production yields 112,000

additional graduates per year• The gap = 166,000 graduates per year

nationally

What Must The U.S. Do To Reach the Big Goal?

Definition of Success

Participation

Completion

Attainment

WHY IS ACHIEVING THE BIG GOAL IMPORTANT?

Korea

Canad

aJa

pan

Irelan

d

Norway

New Zea

land

United

King

dom

Austra

lia

Denmark

Luxe

mbourg

France

Israe

l

Belgium

Sweden

United

Stat

es

Netherl

ands

Switzerl

and

Finlan

dSpa

in

Estonia

Icelan

d

Poland

Chile

Sloven

ia

Greece

German

y

Hunga

ry

Portug

al

Austria

Slovak

Rep

ublic

Czech

Rep

ublic

Mexico

Percent of adults with 2- or 4-year degreeSource: OECD Education at a Glance 2011

25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55 to 64

626058565452504846444240383634323028262422

Canada/Japan

Korea

Massachusetts

Minnesota

North Dakota/Iowa/Connecticut

Colorado

New Hampshire/NebraskaSouth Dakota/Illinois/Pennsylvania/Vermont

Wisconsin/Washington/Hawaii

Virginia/Kansas/Rhode Island

Indiana/CA/DE/NC/MI/IDFlorida/Oregon/South Carolina/Maine

Wyoming/Georgia

Mississippi/AlabamaKY/TN/OK/AZ/AK/TX

New MexicoNevada

Louisiana/West VirginiaArkansas

Ireland

FinlandNetherlands/Switzerland

Greece

Luxembourg

Poland/Chile

Germany

United States

Norway/New Zealand

France/Israel

Iceland

Hungary

US states25 to 34 year olds

Missouri/Montana/Ohio

New York

New JerseyMaryland United Kingdom/Australia/Denmark

Belgium/Sweden

SpainEstonia

Slovenia

Utah

52

50

48

46

44

42

40

38

36

34

32

30

28

26

24

22

20

64

60

56

52

48

44

40

36

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

Hamilton

Porter/Johnson

Monroe

Hendricks

Tippecanoe

Lawrence/Fulton/Daviess/Jennings

Indiana counties25 to 34 years old(population over 20,000)

Boone

Adams

LaGrange

White/Fayette

Bartholomew

Owen/Cass

Warrick/Hancock

Canada/Japan

Korea

Ireland

Netherlands/Switzerland/Finland

Greece

Luxembourg/France/Israel

Poland/Chile

Germany/Hungary

United States

Norway/New Zealand

Iceland

Portugal

United Kingdom/Australia/Denmark

Belgium/Sweden

Spain/Estonia

Slovenia

Austria/Slovak Republic/Czech RepublicMexico/Italy

Turkey

Income by level of education Source: US Census, Current Population Survey

master’s

bachelor’s

associate

high school

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

Less than high school

Unemployment by level of education Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008

HS dropout HS graduate Associates degree Bachelors degree Masters or above0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Unemployment by level of education Source: US Census, Current Population Survey

Recession of November 73

to March 75

High school dropout

Bachelor’s

Some college

High school graduate

Recession of January 80 to

July 80

Recession of July 81 to November 82

Recession of July 90 to March 91

Recession of March 01 to

November 01

Recession of December 07

to present

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

Percent of layoffs that are permanent Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, CNBC

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2000 2003 2007 2008

45

37 36

2931

37

5055

Qualified students have the opportunity to go to college

College is necessary

Source: Public Agenda and National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education

HOW DO WE ACHIEVE THE BIG GOAL?

To Succeed We Must Focus On 21st Century StudentsOf the 17.6M undergrads now

enrolled:• 43% attend two-year institutions• 37% are enrolled part-time• 32% are working full-time• 25% are over the age of 30• Only 15% attend 4 year colleges

and live on campus

35.8 million working-age adults have attended college but don’t have a

degree.

Less than high school

High school

Some college, no degree

Associate degree

Bachelors degree

Graduate or professional degree

12.8%

27.1%

22.2%

8.4%

19.0%

10.5%

To Succeed We Must Close the Gaps

Source:

College Going vs. Completion of BA or Higher, Latino (Age 25-29)

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Latino College-GoingLatino B.A. Attainment

NCES, The Digest of Education Statistics 2009, Table 201. and Current Population Survey, Table A-2. Percent of People 25 Years and Over Who Have Completed High School or College, by Race, Hispanic Origin and Sex: Selected Years 1940 to 2009.

+12

+5

Source:

Some Americans Are Much Less Likely to Graduate From College

25-29 Year Olds with B.A.

or Higher (2008)

White 37%African American 21%Latino 12%

Current Population Survey, Table A-2. Percent of People 25 Years and Over Who Have Completed High School or College, by Race, Hispanic Origin and Sex: Selected Years 1940 to 2009.

Source:

Growth Differs Substantially by Group

Population Division, Population Projections, U.S. Census Bureau. Released 2008.

Millions

African American

Asian / Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander

Latino

American Indian / Alaska Native

White

0 20000000 40000000 60000000 80000000 100000000

Projected Population Increase, 2010 to 2050

Data for all races exclude Hispanics.

Source:

Some Americans Are Much Less Likely to Graduate From College

B.A. Rate by Age 24 (2008)

Young People from

Highest Income Quartile

77%

Young People from

Lowest Income Quartile

10%

Postsecondary Education Opportunity, “Bachelor’s Degree Attainment by Age 24 by Family Income Quartiles, 1970 to 2008.

Design and Implement a 21st Century System for 21st Century Students1. Create partnerships and

collaborate for collective impact (state and regional)

2. Focus on pathways aligned with future workforce needs

3. Infuse technology to expand capacity, improve quality, and reduce costs

4. Create “Adult Learner Focused Institutions” (ALFI)

Design and Implement a 21st Century System for 21st Century Students5. Support accelerated, competency

based certificates/degrees (quick wins)

6. Employ prior learning assessments

7. Redefine the vision of ABE8. Redesign developmental

education9. Develop comprehensive benefits

programs

Design and Implement a 21st Century System for 21st Century Students10.Set goals, design metrics,

measure progress, reward performance

11.Lead courageous conversations about results

12. Support disruptive innovation

Christensen, C.M., et al. Disrupting College. www.americanprogress.org

Educating Adults As If Their Lives (and Nebraska’s Future) Depended On It