education and employment of biological and medical scientists 2013 data from national surveys
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Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists 2013 Data from National Surveys. Howard H. Garrison and Elisabeth Neu FASEB Office of Public Affairs. Contents (1 of 7) . Graduate School Applications Graduate School Applications in Biological and Health Sciences [Slide 10] - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists
2013
Data from National SurveysHoward H. Garrison and Elisabeth
CampbellFASEB Office of Public Affairs
2
Contents (1 of 7) Graduate School Applications
Graduate School Applications in Biological and Health Sciences [Slide 10]
Graduate Records Examination (GRE) Scores Mean Quantitative Scores of US Citizens and Permanent
Residents Intending to Enroll in Biological and Health Sciences [Slide 12]
Graduate School Enrollment First
Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 14]
First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Grad Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 15]
3
Contents (2 of 7)
Graduate School Enrollment (continued) Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students i
n Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 16]− US Citizens & Permanent Residents Only [Slide 17]− Temporary Residents Only [Slide 18]
Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 19]
Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Sex [Slide 20]
Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Mechanism of Support [Slide 21]
4
Contents (3 of 7) NIH Trainees and Fellows
Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Positions on NIH Training Grants and Fellowships [Slide 23]
Fellowship (F32) Applications and Awards [Slide 24] NIH Spending on Training Grants and Fellowships [Slide 2
5] Doctorate Awards
Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 27]
Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 28]
Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Sex [Slide 29]
5
Contents (4 of 7) Academic Postdoctoral Appointments
Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 31]
Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 32]− US Postdocs with MD or PhD [Slide 33]− Temporary Resident Postdocs with MD or PhD [Slide 34]
Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Sex and Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 35]
Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Source of Support Slide 36]
6
Contents (5 of 7) Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with PhDs
from US Institutions Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 1-2 Years Po
st-PhD [Slide 38]
Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD [Slide 39]
Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD [Slide 40]
Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD [Slide 41]
Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from US Universities Stay Rates for Temporary Residents with Life Science Do
ctorates [Slide 43]
7
Contents (6 of 7) Employment Status of Individuals with PhDs from US
Institutions Employment of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Em
ployment [Slide 45]
Distribution of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment [Slide 46]
Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status [Slide 47]
Distribution of Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status [Slide 48]
Percentage of U.S. Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions, Total [Slide 49]
Percentage of U.S. Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions 5-6 Years Post-PhD [Slide 50]
8
Contents (7 of 7) Medical School Faculty Appointments
Medical School Faculty Members by Degree and Department Type [Slide 52]
Total and New Faculty 1970-2007 in U.S. Medical Schools [Slide 53]
NIH Grant Applications and Awards Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Investigators [Slide 55] Number of Competing Awards (Including First R01) [Slide
56] Employment in Industry
Employment in U.S. Biotechnology Firms, 1992-2012 [Slide 58]
Employment in U.S. Pharmaceutical Companies, 1999-2010[Slide 59]
9
Graduate School Applications
10
Graduate School Applications in Health and Biological Sciences
Source: http://www.cgsnet.org/
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
Biological SciencesHealth Sciences
11
Graduate Records Examination (GRE) Scores
12
Mean Quantitative Scores of US Citizens and Permanent Residents Intending to Enroll in Biological and Health Sciences
Source: http://www.cgsnet.org/ Data are for 4 years ending in reference date
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Biological Sciences 1989-1998 Series
Biological Sciences 1997-2009 Series
Biological Sciences 2012-2013 Series
Health/ Medical Sciences 1989-1998 Series
Health/ Medical Sciences 1997-2009 Series
Health/ Medical Sciences 2012-2013 Series
13
Graduate School Enrollment
14
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000Temporary ResidentsUS Citizens and Permanent Res-idents
First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
15
First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only)
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific IslanderOther / More than One Race (non-Hisp)American Indian or Alaskan NativeHispanic/ LatinoBlack/African American (non-Hispanic/ Latino)AsianWhite (non-Hispanic/ Latino)
16
Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000Temporary ResidentsU.S. Citizens and Per-manent Residents
17
Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments: U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents
18
Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments, Temporary Residents Only
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000Temporary Residents
19
Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only)
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000Other US Citizens and Permanent ResidentsAmerican Indian or Alaskan NativeHispanic/LatinoBlack/African American (non-Hispanic/Latino)Asian or Pacific IslanderWhite (non-Hispanic/Latino)
20
Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Sex
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
FemaleMale
21
Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Mechanism of Support
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000Research AssistantshipsOther (including self)Teaching AssistantshipsTraineeshipsFellowshipsUnknown
22
NIH Trainees and Fellows
23
Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Full-Time Positions Awarded on NIH Training Grants and Fellowships
Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000PostdoctoralPredoctoral
24
Fellowship (F32) Applications Reviewed and Awarded
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000 Applications Awards Success Rate
Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm
25
NIH Spending on Training Grants and Fellowships
$0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
$900,000
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
Percent of total NIHbudgetDollars
Source: http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/history_budget_req.html
26
Doctorate Awards
27
Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Citizenship/Visa Status
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
2011
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000Unknown Citizenship
Temporary Residents
U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/
28
Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only)
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/19
7319
7619
7919
8219
8519
8819
9119
9419
9720
0020
0320
0620
0920
120
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000Other U.S, Citizens & Permanent ResidentsAmerican Indian or Alaska NativeHispanic/ LatinoBlack/ African-American (non-Hispanic/ Latino)Asian or Pacific Islander-CombinedWhite (non-Hispanic/ Latino)
29
Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Sex
19661969
19721975
19781981
19841987
19901993
19961999
20022005
20082011
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
Female
Male
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/
30
Academic Postdoctoral Appointments
31
Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Citizenship/Visa Status
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/19
7919
8119
8319
8519
8719
8919
9119
9319
9519
9719
9920
0120
0320
0520
0720
0920
110
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000Temporary ResidentsU.S. Citizens and Permanent Res-idents
32
Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and Citizenship/Visa Status
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000Foreign Postdocs with MD or MD/PhDForeign Postdocs with PhDUS Postdocs with MD or MD/PhDUS Postdocs with PhD
33
Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents Only
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
US Postdocs with MD or MD/PhD
US Postdocs with PhD
34
Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree: Temporary Residents Only
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
Foreign Postdocs with MD or MD/PhD
Foreign Postdocs with PhD
35
Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Sex and Citizenship/ Visa Status
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Foreign Postdocs, FemaleForeign Postdocs, MaleUS Postdocs, FemaleUS Postdocs, Male
36
Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Source of Support
Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000Other Federal SourcesUnknown SourcesNon-Federal SourcesTraineeshipsFellowshipsResearch Grants
37
Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions
38
Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD
Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1991
1993
1993
NEW
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2010
2012
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
39
Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD
Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1991
1993
1993
...19
9519
9719
9920
0120
0320
0620
0820
1020
120.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
40
Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD
Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2010
2012
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
41
Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD
Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2010
2012
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
42
Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from US Universities
43
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Two-Year Stay RateFive-Year Stay Rate
Percentage Stay Rates for Temporary Residents with Life Sciences Doctorates
Source: http://orise.orau.gov/science-education/publications/
Year of Doctorate
44
Employment Status of Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions
45
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1991
1993
1993
NEW
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2010
2012
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000 OtherGovernmentIndustrialAll Academic
Employment of Biomedical Science PhDs bySector of Employment
Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/
46
Distribution of Biomedical Science PhDs bySector of Employment
Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1991
1993
1993
NEW
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2010
2012
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
OtherGovernmentIndustrialAll Academic
47
1981
1985
1989
1991
1993
1993
NEW
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2010
2012
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000 Other AcademicAcademic Post DocTenure-TrackTenured
Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status
Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/
48
1981
1985
1989
1991
1993
1993
NEW
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2010
2012
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Other AcademicAcademic Post DocTenure-TrackTenured
Distribution of Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status
Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/
49
1981
1985
1989
1991
1993
1993
NEW
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2010
2012
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Percentage of US Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions, Total
Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/
50
Percentage of US Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions 5-6 Years Post-PhD
Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/
1981
1985
1989
1991
1993
1993
NEW
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
2010
2012
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
51
Medical School Faculty Appointments
52
Medical School Faculty Members by Degree and Department Type
Source: https://www.aamc.org/data/facultyroster/reports/
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000MD-PhD in Clinical Sci DeptPhD in Clinical Sci DeptMD in Clinical Sci DeptMD-PhD in Basic Sci DeptPhD in Basic Sci DeptMD in Basic Sci Dept
53
Total and New Full-Time Faculty 1970 to 2010 in US Medical Schools with Ph.D. or equivalent degree (includes M.D./Ph.D.)
Source: http://www.aamc.org
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%First-time FacultyTotal FacultyPercent First-time Faculty
54
NIH Grant Applications and Awards
55
Average Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Investigators
Source: http://report.nih.gov/
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
MD-PhDMD OnlyPhD Only
56
Number of Competing NIH Awards (Including First R01)
Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
All Research Project GrantsR01 EquivalentFirst-Time RO1 Equivalent
57
Employment in Industry
58
Employment in Publicly-Owned Biotechnology Firms, 1992-2013
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000U.S. owned companiesTotal, all biotech companies
Source: http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Industries/Life-Sciences
59
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000Prehuman/PreclinicalClinicalNon-StaffTotal R&D Staff
Domestic R&D Scientific and Technical Personnel, PHRMA Member Companies 1999-2010
Source: http://www.phrma.org/profiles-reports
60
Contact Us
For comments or questions, please contact Howard Garrison at [email protected] or call 301-634-7650.