EDUCATION IN SPAIN THROUGHOUT XIX AND XX CENTURIES

PART 1 FROM 1812 TO THE CIVIL WAR PART 2 AFTER THE WAR PERIOD PART 3 OUR SCHOOL IN THE 60s PART 4 P.E IN THE SCHOOLS UP TO THE 80s

PART 1

FROM 1812 CONSTITUTION TO THE CIVIL WAR 1936From 1850 to 1900 the number of schools rose from 17,170 to 29,776 schools.

Rates of illiteracy in population were decreasing: 63.8% in 1900 59.4% in 1910.It went down to 40% along the early 1900s

1812: THE FIRST CONSTITUTION PROCLAIMED UNIVERSAL, PUBLIC EDUCATION FOR EVERYBODY

On the 19th of March 1812, the first

Constitution was proclaimed and with

it the right of an universal, public

education for everyone.

There was one school for every 500

inhabitants.

1830: FULL CITIZENS SHOULD LEARN HOW TO READ AND WRITE

Article 25 from the Constitution

says that since 1830, people who want to become full

citizens should know how to

read and write.

1857:COMPULSORY EDUCATION UP TO 9 YEARS Moyano Law of 1857

made education compulsory from 6 to 9

years

There were not sufficiently trained and

paid teachers ( they didn´t enjoy an

acceptable social image).

Children attended lessons at school five hours a day 175 days a year.

Students were boys from 4 to 16 years.

This progressive development did not follow the rapid pace of the other

nations of Western Europe.

1900:SCHOOLS FOR BOYS UP TO 16 YEARS

Spain became a Republic in1931, and this intensified the interest in education:

-Teachers´ qualification improved.

-The curriculum for secondary education was created.

-The number of colleges, schools and institutions increased and it replaced the teaching of religious orders.

-Autonomy to the colleges at University was granted.

-Studies and scientific research intensified.

This is the classroom. In a picture Cain runs away as Abel lies dead, next to a blood puddle.

The teacher talks in a loud voice . He is a skinny old man slovenly

dressed, a book in his hand.

All the children sing the lesson along, repeating after him:

thousand times a hundred,a hundred and thousand;

thousand times a thousand, a million.

A grey cold winter afternoon. Pupils study. A rainy monotony resounds on the window panes.

PART 2

AFTER THE WAR PERIOD

ABACUS

STOVES

CARDBOARD AND WOODEN BOOKCASES

SCHOOL NOTEBOOKS

  TWO-STUDENT DESKS

WITH AN INK CASE MADE OF LEAD OR PORCELAIN

BOYS AND GIRLS SCHOOL EMBLEMS

MEASUREMENT UNITS: CABAS

“ HOLY CHILDHOOD” MONEY-BOXES

IN THE 50s

PART 3

OUR SCHOOL IN THE 60sIt was a girls' school. There were only female teachers

IN THE 70S

P.E IN THE SCHOOLS UP TO THE 80s

In 1861 it was declared a compulsory

subject in schools and Teachers'

Colleges, although it was not fulfilled by

then.

GYMNASTICS AS A SCHOOL SUBJECT

TRADITIONAL GYMNASTICS

In Spain, Francisco Amorós introduced

Swedish gymnastics, greatly influenced by P.H. Ling. Thanks to

him the concept evolved into

training, hygienic, corrective and

therapeutic

gymnastics.

They were mostly Analytical

exercises There was

excessive statism and

order

A MODEL OF PHYSICAL HEALTH THROUGH GYMNASTICS

1Slow movements gymnastics

2 Arms and legs movements

3 Exercising movements with the whole body

4 Students follow the

instructor's order

IT ESTABLISHED SEVERAL PRINCIPLES

The gym should develop harmoniously

the body, exercising all

its parts. Both boys and

girls practiced it.

PRACTICE AT SCHOOL PLAYGROUNDS

The need for a physical

education for all, whether

weak or strong as a school subject was established.

EXERCISES HAD A CORRECTIVE EFFECT