education time line

8/14/2019 Education Time Line

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Time LineA Historical Perspective

on Early Childhood Education

Dr. ReutzelEL ED 6230

by Nancy Ruth Bittner


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Early Beginnings

431 BC

ThePeloponnesian

WarMarked the beginning

of education.

SocratesOriginated the

study of formallogic.

470-399 BC

AristotleRecognized the need fordifferences in teaching

the young.

384-322 BC


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Beginnings - The Reformation

ErasmusHumans can be self

determinate.

1490-1650

Martin LutherEducation for all. Arange of subjects

including music and art.

1483-1546

John ComeniusDesigned the first illustratedchildrens text and wrote a

first parenting book.

1592-1670


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John Locke

Emphasized naturaleducation-tabula rosa - a child is an

empty slate.

1632-1704

Old Deluder

Satan ActA religious act in Mass.Learning to read kept

children from evil.

1647

Jean RousseauWrote, Emile, about a child

reared and taught apartfrom other children.

Childhood is a unique

experience.

1762


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Johann Pestalozzi

Must raise and teach

children in a naturalisticway.

1746-1827

Noah WebsterStandardized spelling for

American English -The Blueback Speller.

1783

Fredrich FroebelEducation should produce apure, faithful, and holy life.

The Father of Kindergarten.

1782-1852


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Beginnings - Materials

The Hornbook

1590- 1700

An early primer.

Mother

Goose TalesPoems and stories

transcribed byCharles Perot.

1647

The New

England Primer

A religious primer forteaching reading to children.

Late 1600's


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Modern Education - 1850-1950

Margarethe

SchurzOpened the first

Kindergarten in Watertown,WI with 6 children.

1856

Elizabeth PeabodyOpened the first English

speaking Kindergarten with30 children in Boston.

1860

Harris and Blow

Opened the first public

Kindergarten.

1873

Blow


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Ruth BurrittShe taught the model

Kindergarten featured inin the Womens Pavilion

at the PhiladelphiaCentennial Exposition.

1876

Womens Pavilion First Training

Schoolfor Kindergartenteachers at the Oshkosh

Normal School,

Philadelphia.

1880

Maria MontessoriOpened Casa dei Bambini, a

school for disadvantaged

children using methods fordeveloping the whole child.

1902


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Modern Education - 1850-1950John DeweyFounded theADewey

School@ with the idea

that children learn bestby doing.

1859-1952

Teachers Unions

The Elementary KindergartenNursery Educators (EKNE) and

International KindergartenUnion formed to unite early

childhood educators.

1884 & 1892

Susan Blow

& Patty HillTrained Kindergarten teachersat Columbia Teachers college

in a 14 week course.

1900


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G. Stanley Hall

A child psychologist whodeveloped the Recapitulation

Theory. It says that children passthrough stages that the whole

human race has passed through

and in the same order.

1920

Arnold Gessell

Formed the Child GuidanceClinic at Yale. Stated that

children grow intrinsically in

an automatic unfolding.

1925


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Reading Readiness

1927

Mary Reed

Her dissertation stated that1 in 8 students were not

making progress and thatperhaps reading instruction

should be delayed.

Gray & HornStated that reading

gains might be greater

if not taught untilsecond grade.

1929

Morphett &

WashburneThrough an influentialstudy, set the age 6.5 as

the optimal age whenchildren should begin

reading instruction.

1931


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Reading ReadinessWillard OlsenReadiness determined by an

organismic age figured by physicalmeasures like head circumference

and loosing baby teeth.

1949

Robert HavinghurstCoins the term

ATeaching Moment@ implying

appropriate and inappropriate

times for instruction.

1953


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Reading Readiness

1974

Interpreted Piagets theories tosay that early readinginstruction has adverse effects

on cognitive growth.

Furter & Wachs

Piaget

HookA psychologist quoted as

saying that early reading mayadversely effect the left side

of the brain.

1978


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Emergent Literacy- Research & Change

1937

Arthur GatesChallenges readiness theories

in a study examining thevalidity of mental age. Found

that the quality of instructioninfluences learning.

Jerome BrunerBelieved that any child could

be taught effectively at any ageand stage of development.

1959 1966

Dolores Durkin

Studied children who readearly. Found that exposureand access to print

contributed to early reading.


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Recent Research

1993

Phonemic Awareness

Phonemic awareness instructionin Preschool and Kindergarten

strengthens reading achievementand is a precursor to phonics.

(Byrne & Fielding-Barnsley, 1993)

1999

Balanced ApproachTeachers must have a strong

knowledge of multiple methods forteaching reading and put them intopractice based on their students=needs. (IRA Position Statement)


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Recent Research

2000

National Reading Panel Report

Teaching Children To Read-Presents the most effective

approaches for teaching children toread based on scientific research.

Phonemic AwarenessPhonics Instruction

Guided Oral Reading

Comprehension Strategies

FluencyVocabulary Development

Computer Technology

Teacher Training


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