educational software and multimedia
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING/MULTIMEDIA
CAL
CMICALLCAI
CBI
CBT
CAL
emphasis on learning
computer assisted learning
THIS PRESENTATION:
Overview of computer assisted learning.
MORE SPECIFICALLY:
I. types of CAL software,II. hypermedia/multimedia
environments,III. authoring languages,IV. design considerations,V. a critical view of
CAL/multimedia.
I. TYPES OF CAL SOFTWARE
drill and practice games simulations tutorials tools (hypermedia) (CMI software; e.g.. tests)
categorizing is difficult:
imagine a “space travel game” in a“hyper environment” with atutorial component.
• drill and practice
Typically, drill and practiceactivities are supplementaryto the “normal” teaching process.
• drill and practice
Drill and practice is good forfundamental mastery.
• drill and practice
Can be thought of as a “flash card”system of the stimulus-responsemodel.
• drill and practice
Speed is important for both presentation and feedback.
randomness record keeping
• drill and practice
often incorporates:
• games
Often CAL software is presentedin game format.
• games
May include point scoring, andcan be individual or team format.
• games
Have the potential for a verymotivational environment.
• simulations
Can provide microworlds (e.g.,a world without friction orgravity).
• simulationsThe University of Illinois hassuccessfully provided computer-driven “dry” chemistry labs.
SIMULATIONS ARE safe inexpensive fast slow clean possible
• tutorials
Self-paced, where the computeracts as an infinitely-patient,all-wise tutor.
Is this guy slow, or what??
Typically a good tutorial will have astructure(s) as follows:
give information test
giveinfo.. . .
remediate
OK
(needs help)
give information test
giveinfo.
remediate
OK
(needs help)
..
.
can be verycomplex
• tools
Typically, application programswhich are being used by thestudent for learning.
spreadsheet programs statistics packages hypermedia software desktop publishing
software presentation software CAD software etc.
• examples of tools
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II. HYPERMEDIA &MULTIMEDIA ENVIRONMENTS
hyper- pref. ‘over’, ‘above’, ‘too’...
eg. hypersensitive or hypertension
hypermedia can be thought of as “chunks” of information (nodes),stored in a structure, and accessed by links (buttons).
• HYPERTEXT
Textual information, structuredby use of links and nodes.
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
• HYPERMEDIA
Like hypertext, but includingsound, video, and/or animation.
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
• MULTIMEDIA
Involves more than one medium(>2 really, since most literaturecontains graphics and text).
• multimedia
Involves the use of sound,animation, and/or videoas well as text and graphics.
Even Ted Nelson said he didn’tknow the difference betweenhypermedia and multimedia.
• multimedia
1
1Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Conference,June 1994, Vancouver. [Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext (“non-sequential writing”)].
• multimedia
Computer-controlled multimediaallows the seamless integrationof media.
• multimedia
Multimedia can provide asensory-rich learning environment.
• multimedia
Interactive multimedia is theincorporation of multimedia withhuman-computer interaction.
• multimedia
Interactive multimedia provides an obvious educational advantage over current broadcasting & publishing which is passive.
play speed movie
take a quiz
more information
WWW
tutorial
SpeedInformation regarding the concept of speed can appear as text here. I know very little about it myself, so perhaps a multimedia tutorial about it would help me. To learn about it, selectoptions below, some perhaps more than once..
Choose one option below:
play speed movie
take a quiz
more information
WWW
tutorial
SpeedInformation regarding the concept of speed can appear as text here. I know very little about it myself, so perhaps a multimedia tutorial about it would help me. To learn about it, selectoptions below, some perhaps more than once..
Choose one option below:
Metaphors abound.A computer screen ofinformation can be aslide, a page, a card,a node, whatever...
There are many possible “HyperDesigns”.
Linear
..... .....
There are many possible “HyperDesigns”.
Network
Possible applications of less complexdesigns include electronic books, andinformation/ training kiosks.
HYPERDESIGNS GIVE THE USER OPPORTUNITY FOR:
more control, but require careful planning and
analysis.
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IV. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
the design team and user interface design
Two important points in designingCAL software are:
Typically, the design team cancirculate ideas on storyboards(hard copies of screen templates).
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Storyboards circulate amongdesign team members.
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contentexpert
graphicartist
cognitivescientist
programmer
allow the user control use visual cues be consistent design, don’t decorate
Some quick tips for User Interface Design
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V. A CRITICAL VIEW
1. CAL is an inferior teaching medium.
a critical view:
2. Users can become disoriented and lost in hyper environments.
a critical view:
3. Too much attention is paid to appearance (esp. graphics) and not enough to educational issues.
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SUMMARY
1. There are many types of CAL software other than sequential point-and-click text.
Summary
2. hypermedia/multimedia environments offer great potential but require care in design.
Summary
3. Many important design issues need to be considered.
q