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Educational Technology

3/17/2016 Dr. Priya Mathew

SJCEM

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Marks: 80+20=100 Objectives: After the completion of course, pupil teachers will be able to – • Understand the concept and scope of Educational

Technology • Understand the concept of Approaches of educational

technology • Explain the meaning and use of cybernetics • Understand and use the different Media in Education • Understand the different learning Experiences and use them

in the teaching-learning process. • Acquaint with innovations in Educational Technology • Integrate ICT into Teaching Learning, administration and

Evaluation. • Develop information Management, communication and

collaborative skills. • Design and develop and use learning materials in Teaching. • Practice safe, ethical ways of using ICT. • Use ICT for making classroom processes Inclusive

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Dr. Priya Mathew SJCEM

Course Contents:

Unit- I Basics of Education Technology

1. Educational technology- Meaning, Nature, Scope, objectives, and Importance.

2. Instructional technology and teaching technology: Meaning, nature and scope.

3. Approaches of educational technology –Hardware, Software and Systems approach.

4. Cybernetics: Meaning and use in the development of instructional designs.

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Unit-II Media in Education

1. Print media- Books, Journals, Magazines and

newspapers.

2. Digital Media- Documentaries, still pictures, websites, webpage etc,

3. A-V Aids: definition, types audio aids, visual aids, A-V aids (Radio, T.V. and Films)

4. Multi-media: Meaning & concept, scope and importance.

5. Multi sensory approach- Relationship of Learning and Experiences, Dales cone of experience and step learning experiences model

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Unit- III Educational systems

1.e-learning, cooperative learning, mobile learning- concept, advantages and limitations.

2.Teleconferencing: Audio and Video, Interactive white board- uses & advantages

3.Web services: e-mail, chat, online forums, blog, wiki, e-library

4.Resource centres and services in educational technology: CIET (NCERT), SIET, EMMRC, UGC-CEC, TEINDIA, KOER, NROER, EDUSAT, NME-ICT, NPTEL, IT@SCHOOL, GYAN DARSAN, INFLIBNET.

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Unit-IV Understanding of

ICT in education

1. Concept of ICT and Principles of using ICT in teaching

learning process 2. Impact of ICT in education (impact of ICT in social,

cultural, economical) 3. Role of teacher (administrator, facilitator, tutor, mentor,

counselor, and evaluator) in ICT enabled education. 4. Issues and concerns related to ICT 5. Concept, meaning and merits in Education: Computer

Assisted Instruction (CAI), Computer Managed Instruction (CMI),Computer Mediated Communication (CMC),Computer simulation, Blended learning, Educational podcast, Web- based learning, Cloud computing.

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Learning Activities 1. Visit websites (Khans academy, E-Gyankosh,

Shodhaganga, NCTE, NCERT, DSERT, UGC) Collecting Documents like Polices, plans, statistics, scholarships, issue and trends and writing reports.

2. Free website development and usage (Webs.com)

3. Recording- Audio/Video lectures discussions, and presentations etc, editing and writing report on procedures.

4. CAI- Development and reporting

5. Mobile learning- related activities like use of blue tooth, SMS, MMS and other features.

6. Blog- development and related activities

7. Login in to You tube-download and upload.

8. Writing a report on TV Lessons and discussions

9. Writing a report on Radio lessons and discussion.

10. List out the content related different learning experiences

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UNIT I

Basics of Education

Technology: Educational Technology- Meaning, Nature, Scope, Objectives, & Importance

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Technology

• Derived from Greek Word “techne” which means an “art or skill” and “logia” means “science of” or “study of”

• Thus technology is science or study of art or skill.

• Technology is the set of instruments and skills, which are used to satisfy the needs of the community.

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• Technology is making tools, techniques, devices, systems or methods inorder to solve a problem or serve some purpose.

• It is a branch of knowledge concerned with applied sciences.

• It is the application of scientific knowledge to a practical problem.

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• ET is a system in education in which Machine, Materials, Media, Men and Methods are interrelated and work together for the fulfillment of specific educational objectives.

• A judicious use of these together with new function and role of educational personnel can bring about more efficient and effective teaching and learning.

Educational Technology 3/17/2016

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• Educational technology (ET) is an applied or practical study which aims at maximizing educational effects.

• It is a branch of study in which the result of engineering techniques, information science, natural sciences, behavioural sciences and human technology are to be used to promote the efficiency of education.

Educational Technology…………….. 3/17/2016

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Definitions of ET • ET is the systematic application of scientific

knowledge about teaching-learning, and conditions of learning to improve the efficiency of teaching and training. (G.O.M. Leith, 1967)

• ET can be conceived as a science of techniques and methods by which educational goals could be achieved. (Shiv K. Mitra, 1968)

• ET is a systematic way of designing, applying and evaluating the total process of teaching and learning. (Gillet, 1973).

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Definitions continue……………………….

• ET is the development, application and evaluation of systems, techniques and aids to improve the process of human learning. (National Council of ET, UK 1967)

• ET may be defined as the application of laws as well as recent discoveries of science and technology to the process of education. (S.S Kulkarni, 1969)

• ET is concerned with the application of modern skills and techniques to the requirements of education and training. ( D. Unwin, 1969)

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Paradigm Shift in the

modes and methods • Method of a verbal presentation and citation and

memorization : oral dialogue system (Gurukula system)

• Writing on the tree trunks, engraving on the metals or rocks …………use of paper & ink (writing technology - : printing materials and textbooks)

• use of instructional materials like chalk, or blackboard, pictures, charts, models, maps, diagrams, and other graphic materials

• Sophisticated scientific instruments, mass media – radio, TV, tape recorder, films, transparency,……

• Programmed learning, Computer assisted instruction, system approach, microteaching, interaction analysis, self learning materials,……

• Internet: websites, emails, e-learning, mobile learning, blogs, smart board, wi-fi, LCD projectors,……

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Nature and Characteristic of ET 1. It is the application of scientific principles.

2. It lays stress on the development of methods and techniques for effective teaching-learning.

3. It stresses the organisation of the learning situation for the effective realisation of the goals of education.

4. It facilitates learning by controlling environment, media and methods.

5. It is an important medium of communication

6. It emphasizes the designing of the measuring instruments for testing learning outcomes.

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7. It a very comprehensive term and is not to be viewed in terms of parts or process. It includes instructional technology, teaching technology, programmed learning, micro teaching and system analysis.

8. It provides technical guidance and solutions to the problems of education.

9. It is not limited to the use of audio-visual aids and

does not symbolize merely educational hardware used in education.

It tends to utilize the results of all good experiments and researches in the field of human learning and art of communication and employs a combination of all possible human and non-human resources to achieve desired educational objectives.

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10. ET encompasses the total teaching-learning process involving the elements like:

i. specification of goals and educational objectives ii. selection and organisation of the content or subject

matter to be learned. iii. analysis of the characteristics of the learner iv. effective arrangement of learning situations and

learning environment v. methods and strategies of the presentation of the

content. vi. use of audio- material, software and hardware, mass

media and communication techniques. vii. effective class room control and management. viii.continuous feedback and evaluation of the results.

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Objectives of ET (in terms of

broader educational goals) • To identify the educational needs and

aspirations of the community, the learner, and the teacher so that the content of knowledge in the form of course material can be framed in a systematic way.

• To determine the aim of education, broad strategies and structure of education.

• To determine a suitable curriculum with interaction of science, art and human values.

• To identify man-material resources and strategies for achieving the stipulated aim of education.

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• To develop certain models leading to improve the process of teaching and learning.

• To develop the appropriate aids and equipments to meet the educational purposes.

• To identify major constraints in the environment and the ways and means to tackle them.

• To manage the whole educational system covering planning, implementation and evaluation phases.

• To help in extending educational opportunities to masses especially neglected sectors of community.

• To improve continuing education and life long education

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Objectives of ET (in terms of

classroom teaching)

• To identify and analyse the characteristics and educational needs of the pupils.

• To determine the specific classroom objectives and state them in behavioural terms.

• To analyse the content of instruction and organize it in proper sequence.

• To identify the nature of the interaction of the sub-system like students, teachers, teaching-learning material, content of instruction and methodologies.

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• To identify the available teaching-learning material and resources.

• To plan the teaching strategies and utilize the man-material resources for the attainment of specific class-room objectives.

• To evaluate the effectiveness of the classroom teaching in terms of the pupil’s performance or change in behaviour.

• To provide appropriate feedback to the pupils as well as teachers to bring modification in the teaching-learning process.

• To provide opportunities for independent study to the learner

• To improve the quality of teaching .

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Scope :- various fields of ET

(Rowntree, 1973) • Identifying aims& objectives

• planning the learning environment

• exploring &structuring the subject matter

• selecting appropriate teaching learning strategies and learning media

• evaluating the worth whileness of the learning system

• using the insight gained from evaluation to improve the effectiveness for the future

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Scope of ET 1. Development of the course content and curriculum 2. Study the phases of teaching, skills of teaching and

learning and principles of teaching 3. Identifying the aims and objectives of learning 4. Planning the learning environment 5. Exploring and structuring the subject matter 6. Selecting appropriate teaching strategies and

learning methods 7. Development, selection and use of appropriate

audio-visual aids 8. Effective utilization of the hardware and mass

media 9. Evaluating the effectiveness of the learning system

and provide feedback 10. Teacher preparation and training

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Importance of ET

• It has provided a scientific base to the educational theory & practice :- the empirical findings on educational practice are utilized to improve the class room teaching

• It facilitates modernization in the teaching-learning climate of the institutions

• Given opportunity to the learners to be exposed to professionally designed programmes on video, radio, computers……

• Supplements teachers in their instructional programmes through the structured lessons for remedial, enrichment or drill purpose

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• Learners get the training of self instruction and teachers are relieved of the burden of routine repetition for exercise and revision purposes.

• encourages a systematic organization of content and instruction and integrating the teacher directed instruction with structured material.

• Training and the use of ET contributes to the professional growth of teachers.

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