effect of planet densities on yield

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2003,2(1)A(87-95)(KAJ) Kurdistan Academician

Journal ,Sept 2003, 2 (1) Part A (87-95)

Effects of Plant Densities on Yield, Yield

Components and Some Morphological

Characters of Two Cultivators of Oilseed Rape

(Brassica napus L.)

M.Al- Barzinjy, O.Stlen and J.Christiansen

Department of Agricultural Sciences

The Royal Veterinary and AgriculturalUniversity Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.

AbstractThe effects of varying plant densities on the agronomic characters of two cultivars of spring oilseed rape

(Brassica napus L.) Were studied in a field experiment carried out in 1994. The two cultivars Derby and

Cyclone were grown at five plant densities, 20,50,75,110 and 130 plants per square meter. Increased plant

density resulted in a significant reduction in plant height, length of terminal raceme, stem width and pod

length, while height to the lowest branch was increased. Total dry matter per plant, harvest index and most of

these components were reduced significantly by increasing plant density. There was no significant effect of

plant density on both oil and protein content of the two cultivars.

IntroductionRapeseed production is inadequate

compared to its demand. There are many

factor causes this low yield. Proper cultural

practices particularly the plant population

density or row spacing is most important and

has a profound effect on plant morphology

by changing crop environment [13].

Spring oilseed rape does not branch so

vigorously as the winter crop, and the

establishment of a higher number of plant per

unit area is needed. As the seed of spring

cultivars is usually slightly smaller than that

of winter ones, a population of 120- 130

plants per square meter will be obtained from

six-kg/ha [21].

The response of oilseed rape to varying plant

densities was not consistent. Some results

showed that high seeding rates reduced seed

yield [2,5,10,12,13, 16], while other workers

found that increasing seeding rates resulted

in an increased seed yield [1, 14,17,20] Some

workers reported that high plant densities

resulted in reduced number of

pods per plant or seeds per pod [1,14-18].

Weight of 1000 seeds.

By different seeding rates or plant densities is

number of pods per plant [10,18].

Mendham et al., 1981 demonstrated that the

low-density crops were able to compensate

for fewer plants by producing a far greater

number of pods per plant. They pointed out

furthermore that good yields were achievedover a wide range of plant densities (8-90

plants per square metes).

Plant morphological characters are affected

by changing plant densities. Some results

showed that increased seeding rates resulted

in reduced plant height [2,14,15].

In contrast to these results, Sultan etal.

(1985) found that increased seeding rates

resulted in increased plant hieght.

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References

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components of Brassica napus cv. Tower. Can.J.Plant Sci., 1978, 58, 731-737.2-Degenhardt, D.F. and Kondra, Z.P.. The influence of seeding date and seeding rates on yield and

yield components of five genotypes of Brassica napus. Can. J.Plant Sci.,1981a,61,175-183.3-Degenhardt, D.F. and Kondra, Z.P. The influence of seeding date and seeding rate on seed yield and

growth characters of five genotypes of Brassica napus. Can. J. Plant Sci., 1981b,61, 185_190.4-Donald, C.M. Competition among crop and pasture plants.Advances in Agronomy. 1963,15,1-118.Jasi-ska,Z.,Kotecki,A.,Malarz,W.Mus_icki,Cz.,Jod_owski,M.,Budzy_Ski,WWrbel, E.and

5-Sikora, and B. The influence of sowing dates and sowing rates on the development and yield of

winter rape varities. 7th Int.Rapeseed Crop Conf.Poznan, Poland. 1987, pp: 886-892.

6-Kondra, Z.P. Effects of row spacing and seeding rate on rapeseed. Can.J.plantSci., 1975,55, 339-341.

7-Kondra, Z.P. Effect of planted seed size and seeding rate on rapeseed. Can.J.Plant Sci., 1975. 57,227-280.

8-McGreegor, D.I.1987.Effect of plant density on development and yield of rapeseed and its

significant to recovery from hail injury.Can.J.Plant .,Sci.67, 43-51.

9-Mendham, N.J., Shipway, P.A. and Scott, R.K. The effects of seed size, autumn nitrogen and plant

population density on the response to delayed sowing in winter oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.).

J.agric.Sci. Camb. 1981., 96,417- 428.

10-Morrison, M.J., McVetty, P.B.E and Scarth, R. Effect of altering plant density on growthcharacteristics.Can.J.Plant Sci., 1990,70, 139-149.11-Ogilvy, S.E..The influence of seed rate on population, structure and yield of winter oilseed rape.

Aspects of applied Biology.,1984, 6,59-66.12-Rood, S.B.and Major, D.J..Influence of plant density, nitrogen, water supply and pod or leaf

removal on growth of oilseed rape.Field Crop Research.,1984,8, 323-331.13-Roy, K.M and Paul, N.K. Physiological analysis of population density effect on rape (Brassica

campestris L.). I.Growth analysis.Acta Agronomica Hungarica ., 1991a,40 (3-4), 339-345.14-Roy, K.M.and Paul, N.K. Physiological analysis of population density effect on rape (Brassica

campestris L.). II. Yield and yield components.Acta Agronomica Hungarica 1991b,40 (3-4), 347-353.15-Scarisbrick, D.H., Daniels, R.W.and Noor Rawi, A.B. The effects of varying seed rate on the yield

and yield components of oil-seed rape.J.agric.Sci,.Camb1982, 99, 561-568.

16-Sierts, H.P., Geisler, G., Leon, J.and Diepenbrock, W. Stability of yield components from winteroil-seed rape.J.Agronomy and Crop Science., 1987,158,107-113.17-Sultan, S.M., Mohammad, M.A.and Abodie, T.S..Effect of seeding rate and Phosphorus fertilizer

on rapeseed under rainfed conditions of Hamman Al-Alil.Zanco.,1985, 3 (4)., 91-102.18-Taylor, A.J. and Smith, C.J.. Effect of sowing date and seeding rate yield and yield components of

irrigated Canola (Brassica napus L.) grown on a red-brown Earth in southeastern

Australia.Aust.J.Agric.Res., 1992,43, 1629-1641.19-Thurling, N. Morphophysiological determination of yield in rapeseed (Brassica campestris and

Brassica napus). II.Yield components.Aust. J. Agric. Res., 1974, 25,711-721.20-VanDeynze, A.E., McVetty, P.B., Scarth, R. and Rimmer, S.R. Effect of varying seeding rates on

hybrid and conventional summer rape performance in Manitoba.Can.J. Plant Sci., 1992, 72,635-641.

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England.298pp.

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Presented in the 1st.Seientific Conference of Sulaimani University 27th and 28th . of Sept.2000


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M.Al- Barzinjy, O.Stlen and J.ChristiansenDepartment of Agricultural sciences

The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural

University Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark

,

(Brassica napus L.)

1994

, .) (

Debry and Cyclone ) ( 2/ 20,30,50,75,110,130

, , ( , , )

( . ) ))Harvest Index () .

.

M.Al- Barzinjy, O.Stlen and J.ChristiansenDepartment of Agricultural sciences

The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural

University Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark

, (Brassica napus L).

1994

)Derby and 2( /20,30,50,75,110,130)

Cyclone )RCBD, . , , . . ,

.

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Received / / 2000 .5/8/2000 Accepted 5/8/2000.

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effect of planet densities on yield

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