Effects of the Civil War CSS EQ: How did the Civil War change the economy and society of the United States? 1 North v. South South (CSA)North (USA) Population9 million22 million LeadershipJefferson Davis, Robert E. LeeAbraham Lincoln, U.S. Grant Major VictoriesBull Run, FredricksburgGettysburg, Vicksburg IndustryLittle or noneTons 2 3 America after the Civil War Rise of industrialization, immigration, and urbanization. North States = use the nations natural resources to build more factories and railroads. Big Question What should they do with the South? punish them? try to forget the war? How do you put back together a country that tried to tear itself apart? Whats going to happen to all of the former slaves? Whats going to happen to all the southern states that rebelled? This period is called Reconstruction. Carpet bagger Northerner that came down to the ruined South to make money 4 Civil War Religious Revivals 1850s 1900 Religious activism =social activism. Social change inspired by Christian Ideals (democratization of Christianity) Ex: Prohibition, child labor laws, immigration reform Social Gospel Movement, YMCA, Christian Science 5 Reconstruction Amendments Thirteenth Amendment, 1865 Ended and outlawed slavery in the US. Fourteenth Amendment, 1868 Granted citizenship to former slaves. Made discrimination illegal. Fifteenth Amendment, 1870 Gave voting rights to all men regardless of color. 6 7 Demographic Shifts many former slaves chose to leave the South and move north and west. violence in many places as free blacks competed for jobs. Black codes Established rules for blacks who stayed in the south. Couldnt loiter, be in a jury, lease land Great Migration to manufacturing centers and factory jobs 8 Sharecropping Replaced slavery BUT almost the same as slavery. landlord furnished: a house & land to work Seed, farm animals & farm tools credit (loan) to get started. Sharecroppers gave half of their crops to the land owners and got to keep the rest. BUT, they had to sell much of the rest to pay back the credit. They then needed more credit to start over again. 9 Ku Klux Klan (Founded 1866) Angry ex-confederate soldiers lashed out at free blacks because they could vote. Used intimidation and violence to discourage blacks from voting. Members in ghostlike disguises intimidated black communities. 10 Jim Crow Laws Southern laws that allowed officials to arrest blacks who could not prove employment or residence they were sentenced to forced labor on farms or road construction crews. Restricted blacks from certain occupations, jury duty, or from owning guns. 11 Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896 Supreme Court ruling - separate but equal facilities for whites and blacks. Ex - schools Led to segregation for the next 60 years. Homer Plessy was 1/8 black and was told to move to the colored car of the East Louisiana Railroad. He was arrested when he refused. 12