egyptian civilization pdf

8/10/2019 Egyptian Civilization PDF

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Egyptian Civilization
http://science.howstuffworks.com/mummy.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/mummy.htm


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Egyptian Religion

We have learnedabout their religiousbeliefs from not onlyTombs, but also wall

paintings They Believed in

many gods Amon Re Sun god

Pharaoh was alsoseen as a god

Many believed in Isisand Osiris story
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/superman.wmv


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Belief in Afterlife Mummification was a

way that the deadcould be preserved forthe afterlife and buriedwith everything they

would need in theafterlife.
http://science.howstuffworks.com/mummy.htm


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MATERIALS USED IN MUMMIFICATION:

1. Linen

2. Sawdust

3. Lichen

4. Beeswax

5. Resin 10. Frankincense

6. Natron

7. Onion

8. Nile mud

9. Linen pads


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Farmer and Women of Egypt Farming in Summer,

working for the Pharaohin the off-season

Trade would expand theMerchant class.

Women had many rightsincluding businessowning, property rightsand divorce

Many women workedoutside the home andcould even become a

priest.


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The flooding of the Nile rendered the narrow strip of land on either side of the river

extremely fertile. INTENSIVE AGRICULTUREwas practiced by the majority of the

peasant population. who played a vital role within the country's STRICTHIERARHICAL SOCIETY. As the flood waters receded, SOWINGand PLOWING

began, using primitive wooden plows.

In addition to such GRAINSas barley and emmer (a coarse wheat), a large variety

of VEGETABLESwere grown, including onions, garlic, leeks, beans, lentils, peas,

radishes, cabbage, cucumbers, and lettuce. There were also FRUITSsuch asdates, figs, pomegranates, melons and grapes,

The abundance of flowers provided nectar for the bees to produce HONEY, which

the Egyptians processed. FLAXwas grown for making linen, and PAPYRUSwas

harvested to be converted into paper, ropes, mats, sandals and light skiffs.


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Egyptian skills

Medicine Egyptianphysicians believed inmagic, but alsostudied symptoms,

diagnosing illness andwould find cures todisease.

Did surgery, createdmedical manuals on

papyrus( kind of papermade from plant ), aswell as prescribedmedicine that is stillused today.


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More Skills

Created 12 monthcalendar with 30 dayseach, which becamebasis for modern

calendar.

Created practicalgeometry to survey landand create boundaries for

farms Built pyramids which are

huge Tomb structureswith huge stone blocks.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/great_pyramid_01.shtml


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One of the oldest mysteries surrounding ancient Egypt concerns thebuilding of the PYRAMIDS. How did humans move such massiveblocks of stone using only Stone Age tools? The Egyptians left

thousands of illustrations depicting daily life in the Old Kingdom.
http://www.civilization.ca/civil/egypt/images/arch11b.jpg


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Art and Literature

From tombs and wallpaintings we knowthey Egyptians werevery talented artisans

Wrote many folk talestories of battle aswell as poems andsongs.

They would sharethese with theirSumerian neighbors.


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The PHAROAHwas at the top of the social

hierarchy.

Ancient Egypt achieved stability through the co-

operation of all levels of the population.

Under them were the HIGH PRIESTS,followed by ROYAL OVERSEERS

(administrators) who ensured that the

42 DISTRICT GOVERNORScarried out

the pharaoh's orders.

Next to him, the most powerful officers

were the VIZIERS, the executive heads of

the bureaucracy.

At the bottom of the hierarchywere the SCRIBES, ARTISANS,

FARMERS, and LABORERS.


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MATHEMATICS:Although the Egyptians lacked the symbol for zero, they

calculated numbers based on the DECIMALand the repetitive (numbers

based on the POWER OF 10). The following signs were used to representnumbers in the decimal system

1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Numbers were usually written LEFT TO RIGHT, starting with the highest

denominator. For example, in the number 2,525the first number to appear

on the left would be 2000, then 500, 20 and 5, as follows:

The Egyptians did not develop abstract mathematical formulas. They used

the simplearithmetic of ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

egyptian civilization pdf

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