eia and sea differences and relationship. aae... · construção e exploração do projecto os...
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Mestrado em Urbanismo e Ordenamento do Território/ Master in Urban Studies andTerritorial Management
Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente / Master in Environmental Engineering
Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica / Strategic Environmental Assessment5º ano – 1º semestre 2010-2011
EIA and SEA differences andrelationship
5ª aula
Prof. Doutora Maria do Rosário Partidário
CONTINUITY ACROSS DECISION-‐MAKING
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
POLICIES PLANS PROGRAMMES PROJECTS
SEA – genericPolicy IA Project’EIA
SEA zoning plans
Regional EA / Programmatic EA
Sectoral EA
Strategic EnvironmentalAssessment (SEA)
It is rooted on EIA
But it works with processes and strategies
SEA – we have an idea of what we want(visions and intentions), but we do not
know exactly what we will do
SEA = Strategy, conceptForm: process, trends, continuity
Difference between EIA and SEA
time
A
BC D
time
Sustainability objectives
actions
actions
actions2-3 years
Sustainability vision
EIA = SolutionForm: discrete, designed
3.
2.
1.
Policy related considerations:
organisational, regulatory, fiscal and infrastructure policies, for example vehicle taxes according to CO 2 emissions, parking policies, road pricing, speed limits, new infrastructure, better public transport, transport management systems, public campaigns
Network-Plan related considerations:
multi -modal development options for the transport network for meeting objectives, targets and needs identified through policy consideration s, including new transport infrastructure and transport management measures
Corridor-Plan related considerations: potential impacts of preferred options within corridors between two main nodes, according to needs identifies through policy and network considerations
Programme related considerations: identifying priority projects using multi -criteria -analysis or cost -benefit analysis
Transportsplanning andSEA - levels ofdecision-making
Policy
Network
Corridor
Programme
Project
Key questions for EIA and SEA
SEA = GOOD STRATEGY EIA = GOOD DESIGN
What are your objectives?
What are key drivers?
What are your strategic options?
What are key restrictions?
What are major interests?
What are the most importantpolicies to be met?
What are the main characteristics ofthe projects?
Where is it located?
What are project alternatives?
What are its main physical, social,economic effects?
What are its major impacts?
What are the mitigation measures?
Key differences between SEA and EIA• SEAs broadly follows basic principles of EIA (eg
transparency, participation, etc.)• SEA have much larger boundaries than EIA in terms of
time, space and subject coverage• SEA is driven by the analysis, comparison and
assessment of major strategic options• SEAs is mainly focused on the causes of impact rather
than on the effects• SEAs can recommend (i) changes within the proposed
plans or programmes, (ii) improvements in coordinationbetween relevant agencies, (iii) new cross-sectoralinterventions, iv) suggestions for EIAs of future projectsand improve their quality
SEA EIA
Nature of action Strategy, visions, concepts Construction / operation actions
Level of decision Policy, planning, programming Plan, Programme, Project
Focus Critical decision moments along thedecision processes
Products of decision processes(final outcomes)
Relation todecision
Facilitator Evaluator, often only to meetadministrative requirement
Alternatives Spatial balance of location,technologies, fiscal measures,economic, social or physical
strategies
Specific alternative locations,design, construction, operation
Scale of impacts Macroscopic,mainly global, national, regional
Microscopic,mainly local
Time scale Long to medium term Medium to short-term
Key differences between EIA and SEA include
SEA EIA
Key datasources
State of the EnvironmentReports, Local Agenda 21,statistical data, policy and
planning instruments
Field work, sampleanalysis, statistical data
Data Mainly descriptive but mixedwith quantifiable
Mainly quantifiable
Rigor ofanalysis
Less rigor/more uncertainty More rigor/less uncertainty
Outputs Broad brush Detailed
Publicperception
Vague / distant More reactive (NIMBY)
Post-evaluation
Other strategic actions orproject planning
Objective evidence /construction and operation
(cont.)
Very importantSEA does not / should not replace EIA
but EIA will benefit by having a better context forimproved performance if SEA is in place
•Qual a melhor maneira de percebera AAE?
•Avaliação Ambiental +•Estratégica
•AAE = BOAESTRATÉGIA
•AIA = BOMDESENHO
•Ou será melhor
Algumas diferenças fundamentaisentre AAE e AIA
Em AAEA perspectiva é estratégica e de longo prazo
O processo é cíclico e contínuo
Não se procura saber o futuro, o objectivo éajudar a construir um futuro desejável
A definição do que se pretende fazer é vaga, aincerteza é enorme e os dados são sempremuito insuficientes
O seguimento da AAE faz-se através dapreparação e desenvolvimento de políticas,planos, programas e projectosA estratégia pode nunca vir a ser concretizadauma vez que as acções previstas em planos eprogramas podem nunca ser executadas
Em AIAA perspectiva é de execução e de curto emédio prazo
O processo é discreto, motivado porpropostas concretas de intervenção
O projecto de intervenção tem que serconhecido com o nível de pormenoradequado
A definição do que se pretende fazer érelativamente precisa e os dados sãorazoavelmente disponíveis ou podem serrecolhidos em campoO seguimento da AIA faz-se através daconstrução e exploração do projecto
Os projectos sujeitos a AIA são executados,uma vez assegurada a sua viabilidadeambiental.
•AAE = Estratégia, conceito•Forma: processo, tendências, continuidade
•Por contraste com:
•AIA = Solução•Forma: discreto, definido
Objecto de avaliação em AAE