eia report of jay organics at

Draft EIA Report

Prepared by

San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd.

424, Medicine Market, Paldi Cross Road, Ahmedabad-380006, Gujarat

Email: [email protected] (June, 2017)

of

Essentials Pharma at

Plot No. 19, Survey No. 10/1, Rajkot-Ahmedabad N.H. 8B, Village: Hirasar, Tal. & Dist.: Rajkot

for Bulk drugs manufacturing (6 MT/month)

Project Activity: 5(f), Category: B

San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad

EIA report of Essentials Pharma 1

Contents Particulars Page No.

Contents 1-8

List of Tables 9

List of Figures 10

List of Annexures 11

Index Chapter

No.

Content Page No.

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Preface 1-1

1.2 Purpose of the Report 1-1

1.3 Identification of project & Project proponent 1-2

1.3.1 Identification of project site with site specific

criteria

1-2

1.3.2 Project Identification with respect to category 1-3

1.3.3 Project proponent 1-3

1.4 Brief description of project 1-3

1.4.1 Nature of the project 1-3

1.4.2 Size of the project 1-4

1.4.3 Location of the project 1-4

1.5 Applicable Environmental Regulatory framework 1-4

1.6 Scope of the study 1-5

1.7 Compliance to Terms of Reference 1-5

1.8 Objective of EIA 1-14

1.9 Methodology for EIA 1-15

1.10 List of Industries surrounding Project site 1-16

1.11 Structure of Report 1-16

Chapter 2 Project Description

2.1 Introduction 2-1

2.2 Capital Investment 2-1

2.3 Land Requirement 2-1

2.4 Project site specific details 2-2

2.5 Production Details 2-2



2.6 Infrastructure Facility (Proposed Plant

Equipment/Machineries)

2-3

2.7 Description of Manufacturing Process 2-3

2.8 Project Components 2-9

2.9 Input requirement 2-9

2.10 Generation of Pollutants 2-10

2.10.1 Wastewater Generation 2-10

2.10.2 Air Pollution 2-10

2.10.3 Hazardous/Solid Waste generation 2-10

2.10.4 Noise generation 2-11

2.11 Pollution Control Strategy 2-11

2.11.1 Effluent Management 2-11

2.11.2 Air Pollution Control Measures 2-11

2.11.3 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management 2-12

2.11.4 Noise Pollution Control 2-12

2.12 Rain water harvesting 2-13

2.13 Greenbelt Development 2-13

Chapter 3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.1 Prelude 3-1

3.1.1 Study area 3-1

3.1.2 Period of study 3-1

3.1.3 Basic Component of the Environment 3-1

3.1.4 Methodology 3-2

3.2 Valued Environmental Components (VECs) in EIA study

3-5

3.3 Air Environment 3-6

3.3.1 Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

3-6

3.3.2 Reconnaissance 3-6

3.3.3 Micrometeorology of the area 3-7

3.3.4 Ambient Air Quality Survey 3-8

3.3.5 Baseline Status 3-8

3.4 Hydro-Geological status of the study area 3-9

3.5 Water Environment 3-10

3.5.1 Ground Water Quality (Primary data) 3-11

3.6 Noise Environment (Primary data) 3-12

3.6.1 Introduction 3-12



3.6.2 Methodology 3-12

3.6.3 Day-Time and Night-Time Noise Levels 3-12

3.6.4 Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise 3-13

3.6.5 Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area 3-13

3.6.6 Conclusions 3-13

3.7 Soil Environment (Primary data) 3-13

3.7.1 Introduction 3-13

3.7.2 Soil Characteristics 3-13

3.7.3 Corollaries 3-14

3.8 Ecology (Primary data) 3-15

3.8.1 Study methodology 3-15

3.8.2 Floral Diversity in the study area 3-15

3.8.3 Faunal Diversity in the study area 3-15

3.9 Socio Economic & Land use (Secondary data) 3-16

3.9.1 Land use pattern and infrastructure 3-16

3.9.2 Demographic and Socio-Economic Environment 3-16

3.9.3 Living Standard and Infrastructure 3-17

Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts &

Mitigation Measures

4.1 General 4-1

4.2 Identification of Environment Attributes 4-2

4.3 Impact on Topography 4-2

4.4 Impact on Air Environment 4-2

4.4.1 Emission from proposed project 4-3

4.4.2 Dispersion Modeling of Emissions from the plant 4-4

4.4.3 Air Quality Modeling and Predictions using the

Gaussian Model

4-4

4.4.4 Micrometeorology 4-5

4.4.5 Details of Air Dispersion Model 4-6

4.4.6 Output of ISCST3 air model 4-7

4.4.7 Conclusion 4-7

4.5 Impact on Water Environment 4-7

4.6 Impact on Noise Level 4-8

4.7 Impact on Land Environment 4-9

4.8 Impact on Biological Environment 4-9

4.9 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment 4-10

4.10 Impact on Occupational Health & Safety 4-11



Chapter 5 Analysis of Alternatives

5.1 Prologue 5-1

5.2 Site Alternative 5-1

5.3 Process Alternative 5-1

Chapter 6 Environmental Monitoring Program

6.1 Prelude 6-1

6.2 Environment Monitoring Program 6-1

6.3 Objective of Monitoring Plan 6-1

6.4 Schedules for Environment Monitoring 6-2

6.5 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 6-2

Chapter 7 Risk Assessment


7.1.1 Study Objectives 7-1

7.1.2 The Study Approach 7-1

7.1.3 System Description 7-1

7.1.4 Identification of Hazards 7-1

7.1.5 Risk Reduction Measures 7-2

7.2 Probable Hazards & Risk 7-2

7.3 Hazardous Identification 7-2

7.3.1 Hazardous Substances to be handled at Essentials

Pharma

7-3

7.4 Quantities of Hazardous Materials 7-4

7.5 Hazards Due to Leakage or Containment 7-4

7.6 Maximum Credible Accident Scenarios 7-5

7.6.1 Methodology for selection of accident scenarios 7-5

7.6.2 Consequence Analysis 7-6

7.7 Methodology, Approach and Damage Criteria for

Risk Assessment

7-6

7.7.1 Hazards Evaluation: Exposure due to Vapors 7-7

7.7.2 Damage Criteria 7-7

7.7.3 Risk Reduction Measures 7-7

7.7.4 Personnel Protective Equipment (PPEs) 7-9

7.7.5 Handling of Hazards 7-9

7.8 General Working Conditions 7-9

7.9 Safe Operating Procedures 7-10

7.9.1 Work Permit System 7-10

7.9.2 Emergency Preparedness 7-10



7.9.3 Static Electricity 7-10

7.9.4 Access 7-10

7.9.5 Material Handling 7-11

7.9.6 Communication System 7-11

7.9.7 First Aid Facilities 7-11

7.9.8 Accident Reporting, Investigation and Analysis 7-11

7.9.9 Safety Inspections 7-11

7.9.10 Safe Operating Procedures 7-11

7.10 Transportation of Hazardous Materials 7-11

7.11 Treatment of Workers Affected by Accidental

Spillage of Hazardous Chemicals

7-12

7.12 Do’s and Don’ts for Safe Operation 7-14

7.13 Ways to Minimize Manual Handling of The

Hazardous chemicals

7-15

7.14 On-site Emergency Plan 7-15

7.14.1 General 7-15

7.14.2 Statutory Requirement 7-16

7.14.3 Preparedness of On–Site Emergency Plan 7-16

7.14.4 Emergency Time Activities 7-17

7.14.5 Sequential actions during emergency 7-17

7.14.5.1 Incident 7-17

7.14.5.2 Responding Actions 7-18

7.14.5.3 Site Crisis 7-18

7.14.5.4 Messages 7-19

7.14.5.5 Discipline 7-19

7.14.5.6 Emergency Actions 7-19

7.14.6 Shut Down Procedure 7-20

7.14.7 Post Emergency Activities 7-20

7.14.8 Training, rehearsal and records 7-21

7.14.8.1 Need of Training & Rehearsal 7-21

7.15 Off-site Emergency Plan 7-23

7.15.1 Role of the Factory Management 7-25

7.15.2 Role of the Emergency Co-ordination Office (ECO) 7-25

7.15.3 Role of the Local Authority 7-25

7.15.4 Role of the Fire Authorities 7-26

7.15.5 Role of the Police and Evacuation Authorities 7-26

7.15.6 Role of the Health Authorities 7-27



7.15.7 Role of the Mutual Aid Agencies 7-28

7.15.8 Role of the factory Inspectorate 7-28

Chapter 8 Project Benefits


8.2 Physical Infrastructure Including Technical Facility

Aspects

8-1

8.3 Improvement in Social Infrastructure 8-1

8.4 Employment Potential 8-2

8.5 Other Tangible Benefits 8-2

Chapter 9 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis 9-1

Chapter 10 Environment Management Plan


10.2 Objectives of EMP 10-1

10.3 Components of EMP 10-2

10.3.1 Environmental Management systems (EMS) 10-2

10.3.2 Environmental Management Cell 10-2

10.4 Environmental Management during construction

phase

10-2

10.5 Environmental Management during Operational

Phase

10-3

10.5.1 Air Environment 10-3

10.5.2 Wastewater Management Plan 10-4

10.5.3 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management 10-5

10.5.4 Noise Control Measures 10-5

10.6 Possibility of Chemical Spillage/Leakages and Its

Control Measures

10-6

10.7 Details of Provisions to be Made for Evaporation of

Industrial Effluent

10-7

10.8 Green Belt Development 10-7

10.9 Occupational Health & Safety 10-9

10.9.1 Possibility of occupational health hazard & its preventive measures

10-10

10.9.2 Preventive Measures 10-11

10.10 Occupational Health Programme 10-12

10.10.1 Occupational Health and First aid measures 10-15

10.10.2 Hazard Communication and Industrial Safety 10-16

10.11 Health & Safety 10-16

10.12 Measures for Conversation of Energy 10-17

10.13 Resource Conservation/Waste minimization 10-18



10.14 Socio-Economic Development Activities 10-18

10.15 Post Project Environmental Monitoring 10-19

10.15.1 Details of Work Place Air Quality Monitoring Plan 10-19

10.16 Environment Management Budget Allocation 10-20

10.17 Environment Policy 10-20

Chapter 11 Summary & Conclusion

11.1 Project Description 11-1

11.1.1 Brief project description 11-1

11.1.2 Location of project 11-1

11.1.3 Investment of the Project 11-2

1.1.4 Product Details 11-2

11.2 Description of Environment 11-2

11.2.1 Baseline Environmental Study 11-2

11.2.2 Air Environment 11-2

11.2.3 Water Environment 11-3

11.2.4 Noise Environment 11-4

11.2.5 Soil Quality 11-5

11.2.6 Biological Environment 11-5

11.2.7 Socio-Economic Environment 11-5

11.3 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

Measures

11-5

11.3.1 Impacts on Air quality & Mitigation measures 11-5

11.3.2 Impacts on Water Environment & Mitigation

measures

11-6

11.3.3 Impacts on Noise quality & Mitigation measures 11-6

11.3.4 Impacts on Land & Mitigation measures 11-6

11.3.5 Impacts on Socio Economy & Mitigation measures 11-6

11.3.6 Impact on Ecology 11-7

11.4 Environment Monitoring Programme 11-7

11.5 Additional Studies 11-7

11.5.1 Risk Assessment 11-7

11.6 Project Benefits 11-7

11.7 Environmental Management Plan 11-8

11.8 Conclusion 11-9

Chapter-12 Disclosure of Consultant engaged 12-1



List of Tables

Table

No.

Name Page No.

1.1 Product details 1-4

1.2 Major industries surrounding project site 1-16

2.1 Land breakup of the area 2-1

2.2 Salient Features of the project site 2-2

2.3 List of products, quantity and its end use 2-2

2.4 Infrastructure Facilities 2-3

2.5 Utility details 2-10

2.6 Raw Material Requirement 2-14

2.7 Break up of water consumption& wastewater generation 2-15

2.8 Details of ETP units 2-16

2.9 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of each waste stream 2-17

2.10 Details of Stacks 2-18

2.10(a) Estimated emission quality of stack 2-18

2.11 Details of Hazardous Waste 2-19

3.1 Methodology of Ambient Air Monitoring 3-3

3.2 Ground Water Sampling Locations 3-3

3.3 Soil Sampling Locations 3-4

3.4 Soil Sample analysis methodology 3-4

3.5 Monitoring Methodology of Noise 3-5

3.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 3-19

3.7 Ambient Air Quality Status 3-20

3.8 Ambient Air Quality Status (PM10) 3-21

3.9 Ambient Air Quality Status (PM2.5) 3-22

3.10 Ambient Air Quality Status (SO2) 3-23

3.11 Ambient Air Quality Status (NOx) 3-24

3.12 Ambient Air Quality Status (VOCs & CO) 3-25

3.13 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 3-26

3.14 Results of Ground water Quality in the Study Area 3-28

3.15 Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water 3-29

3.16 Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area 3-30

3.17 Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to Noise 3-30

3.18 Soil Analysis of Study area 3-31



3.19 Floral Diversity 3-32

3.20 Faunal Diversity 3-35

3.21 Land Use Pattern 3-37

3.22 Summary of Socio-Economic Status (Demography) 3-38

3.23 Basic Amenities in the Study Area 3-39

4.1 Input data for air quality modeling 4-12

4.2 Cumulative concentrations at various locations 4-13

4.3 The Maximum 24-hourly Average GLC Concentration

Values for SPM

4-14


Values for SO2

4-15


Values for NOx

4-16

6.1 Environment Monitoring Plan 6-4

6.2 Budget for implementation of Environmental Monitoring

Plan

6-5

7.1 Summary of Hazardous Characteristics of Raw Materials 7-3

7.2 Details of Storage of Hazardous Chemicals 7-4

10.1 List of chemicals, their threshold limit and measures 10-13

10.2 Budget Allocation for Environment Management 10-20

10.3 Environment Monitoring Plan 10-12



List of Figures

Figure No.

Name Page No.

1.1 Location of the project site 1-19

1.2 Google map of 1 km radius 1-20

2.1 Water Balance Diagram 2-20

2.2 ETP flow diagram 2-21

2.3 Key Plant 2-22

2.4 Plant Layout 2-23

3.1 Graphical representation of Ambient Air quality 3-20

3.2 Graphical representation for PM10 3-21

3.3 Graphical representation for PM2.5 3-22

3.4 Graphical representation for SO2 3-23

3.5 Graphical representation for NOX 3-24

3.6 Location of AAQM 3-41

3.7 Wind Rose Diagram 3-42

3.8 Water sampling Locations 3-43

3.9 Locations of Noise monitoring station 3-44

3.10 Locations of Soil Sampling 3-45

4.1 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for SPM 4-17

4.2 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration values for SO2 4-18

4.3 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration for NOx 4-19

10.1 Organization Chart of Environmental Management Cell 10-23



List of Annexures

Annexure No. Annexure Name Page No.

Annexure-I Land possession document & NA order A-1

Annexure-II Undertaking from project proponent A-12

Annexure-III MSDS A-14

Annexure-IV NABET/QCI Certificate A-38

Annexure-V Undertaking from Consultant A-41

Annexure-VI Terms of Reference (TOR) A-42


EIA Report of Essentials Pharma 1-1

Chapter-1

Introduction

1.1 PREFACE

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the

possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on

the environment, together consisting of the environmental, social and

economic aspects. It is an assessment and management tool that

evaluates the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project

may have on the environment. EIA systematically examines both

beneficial and adverse consequences of the project and ensures that

these effects are taken into account during project design. The purpose of

the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the ensuing

environmental impacts when deciding to proceed with a project.

As India is a developing country, lots of industrialization has been came

in focus since last few decades that ultimately leads the bigger issues

related the environmental quality of the country. Hence, it is needful for

Government of India to control the haphazard industrial development by

providing sustainable development under the legislation.

In India, Ministry of Environment and Forests has defined elaborated

“Environmental Clearance (EC)‟ framework along with requirements for

preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) under the

Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 (Environmental Impact Assessment

Notification, 2006) for establishing/expanding and industry/development

projects although it supports development but only if the development

does not hamper the environment over a defined threshold limit.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

Industrial development in India has increased economic growth and

improved living standards of people. These growths are achieved through

industrialization, infrastructure development. Industrialization has played

a major role in development of the country. It also has many other

benefits. Although the industrial development leads to rapid consumption

of natural resources, fuel etc. in day to day operational activity. These



will deteriorating resources and increase emissions of waste in terms of

solid, liquid & gaseous. To control the pollutions from industrial activity,

government has framed regulations which are governed by Ministry of

Environment, Forest & Climate Change in India. Environment Impact

analysis is mandatory as per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)

Notification issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate change

(MoEF&CC), New Delhi dated 14th September, 2006 and its subsequent

amendment; for setting up a new projects or activities, or expansion or

modernization of existing projects or activities based on their potential

environmental impacts as indicated in the Schedule to the notification,

being undertaken in any part of India, unless prior environmental

clearance has been accorded.

Proposed activity of Essentials Pharma falls under the schedule of 5(f) of

schedule of EIA Notification, 2006 “Synthetic Organic Chemical Industries

(dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug

formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic

organic chemicals and chemical intermediates)” and categorized under

“B”. Therefore, unit requires Environmental Clearance for proposed

project.

EIA Consultant

In view of the above, legal aspect and monitoring work has been carried

out for all the environmental attributes by M/s. San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd.,

Ahmedabad. Draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)/Environmental

Management Plan (EMP) have been prepared after obtaining Terms of

References (TORs) from State Level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC),

Gujarat. Public hearing is held on the basis of the draft EIA/EMP

incorporating the ToRs and final EIA/EMP report after incorporating the

comments and suggestions by the public during public hearing will be

submitted to SEAC, Gujarat for Environment Clearance.

1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

1.3.1 Identification of project site with site specific criteria

Essentials Pharma proposes to set up bulk drugs manufacturing unit at

Plot No. 19, Survey No. 10/1, Rajkot-Ahmedabad N.H. 8B, Village:

Hirasar, Tal. & Dist.: Rajkot, Gujarat. The products details are given in



Table 1.1. The manufacturing plant will be equipped with appropriate

production facilities.

Features justifying the location are summarized below:

Availability of suitable and adequate land;

Availability of all essential facilities like infrastructure,

communication, medical facilities, fuel, water, power, unskilled &

skilled manpower, raw materials, road network etc.

There is no rehabilitation and resettlement involved.

Plant is very near to Highway. Hence transportation is easy.

Availability of the well-connected road and railway network for easy

transportation of the construction equipments and materials, raw

materials and finished goods.

No national park or wildlife habitat falls within 5 km radial distance

from proposed project site.

Considering the above features, above site is selected for proposed

activities.

1.3.2 Project Identification with respect to category

As per the EIA Notification, 2006 and amendment thereof; proposed

manufacturing activity is covered under 5(f) category- Synthetic Organic

Chemicals Industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and

intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic

organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical

intermediates).

1.3.3 Project proponent

The unit is promoted by young entrepreneur Mr. Sanjay Santoki,

Partner of the company having degree of B.Sc. Chemistry and having 17

years of experience in the same business including production and

marketing. Other partner Mrs. Ilaben Mendapara is having qualification

M.Sc. Chemistry and 3 years of experience in Pharma Company. The

company will be also supported by other partners and technical staff.

1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

1.4.1 Nature of project

The proposed unit will be in Rajkot District. The total plot area is 864.78

m2. List of raw materials to be used are given in Table 2.6 of chapter-2.



Generated wastewater will be treated in ETP and finally evaporated in

kettle type evaporator to achieve zero discharge. Hazardous waste from

the proposed project is given in Table 2.11 of Chapter-2.

1.4.2 Size of the project

Production details are given in table below:

Table 1.1 Product details

Sr. No.

Name of Product Quantity (MTPM)

Quantity (MTPA)

1 Povidone-iodine

6.0 72.0

2 Carbamazepine

3 Potassium Citrate

4 Metforminhydrochloride

5 Oxyclozanide

6 Sodium Citrate

1.4.3 Location of the project

The unit is located in Rajkot District of Gujarat State. The geographical

co-ordinates of the site are 22°24'2.97"N Latitude and 71°01'42.41"E

Longitude. Map showing project site is given in Figure 1.1.

1.5 APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

The proposed project will abide and function under the purview of the

following Rules, Acts & Regulations which are formulated by the Govt. of

India to protect the environment and development in a sustainable way.

The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986

Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September

2006 and subsequent amendments

The Hazardous & Other Waste (Management and Transboundary

Movement) Rules, 2016

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and its

amendments

The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991



1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the EIA study is based on the guideline provided by Ministry

of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India. The

scope of the study broadly includes:

Field sampling of environmental attributes at various representative

locations in the study area to establish the baseline status;

Collect & compile secondary data including socio-economic data;

Identification, assessment and evaluation of the beneficial and

adverse impacts on surrounding environment due to proposed

project activities considering the existing baseline status along with

compilation of other information.

Analysis of project proposal and data analysis.

Assessment of pollution potential due to proposed project.

Predict the incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to

the proposed project;

Evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental

attributes by using scientifically developed and widely accepted

models.

Identification and assessment of risks associated with the proposed

project and their appropriate management through proper Risk

Assessment (RA) and Disaster Management Plan (DMP).

Prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the

predicted impacts; and

Identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored

during the project execution and to suggest post project monitoring.

The scope also includes all the conditions outlined in the TOR issued by

SEAC, Gujarat and the compliance to the TORs is given below.

1.7 COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE

Based on the documents submitted and presented before State Level

Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC), Gujarat; Terms of Reference (TOR)

was issued by SEAC vide letter no. SEIAA/GUJ/TOR/5(f)/264/2017, dated

24.04.2017 and directed to prepare detailed EIA/EMP including Terms of

References. TOR condition with its compliance is given in table below:



Sr.

No.

TOR Points Compliance

1. Land possession documents and NA

permission letter from the concern

authority.

Land possession documents & NA

order is attached as Annexure-

I.

2. Details of surrounding industrial with

details like Name and address of the

unit, type and nature of industrial

activity etc.

Details of surrounding industries

are mentioned in table 1.2, page

no. 1.16.

3. Project site specific details such as

aerial distance of the project site from

the nearest (1) Village –Nearest

residential area (2) Water Body:

Creek/ Nallah/Lake/Pond/Reservoir/

Canal (3) National Highway (4) State

Highway (5) Railway line (6)

Aanganwadi/ School/ College/ Institute

etc. and likely Impact on them due to

the proposed project along with the

mitigation measures proposed to

minimize the likely impact. Give

satellite image of 1 KM radius.

All the details are given in table

2.2, page no. 2-2.

Impact is discussed in Chapter-4

and mitigation measures in

Chapter-10 (EMP).

Satellite image of 1 KM radius is

given in figure 1.2, page no. 1-

20.

4. Ensure that there is no National

Park/Wild Life Sanctuary, Eco Sensitive

zone or any environmental sensitive

area within 5 KM radius from the

project boundary. Aerial distance of

the project site from the nearest

National park/Wild Life Sanctuary, Eco

Sensitive zone or any environmental

sensitive area.

There is no national park/ Wild

Life Sanctuary, Eco Sensitive

zone or any environmental

sensitive area within 5 km radius

from the project boundary.

5. Details of surrounding industrial with

details like Name and address of the

unit, type and nature of industrial

activity etc.

Details of surrounding industries

are mentioned in table 1.2, page

no. 1.16.

6. Legal Undertaking stating that unit is

complying the three conditions [i.e.

water consumption less than 25

m3/day; Fuel consumption less than 25

TPD; and not covered in the category

of MAH units as per the Management,

Storage, Import of Hazardous

Chemical Rules (MSIHC Rules), 1989]

as per the amendment to EIA

Notification, 2006 vide SO 1599 (E)

dated 25.06.2014.

Legal undertaking stating all the

details is enclosed as Annexure-

II.



7. Demarcation of proposed activities in

lay out plan. Exact details about

infrastructural facilities, plant

machineries etc. required for the

proposed project.

Pls. refer figure 2.4, page no. 2-

23 for plant layout which cover

all section of our proposed

activity.

Details of plant machineries are

given in table 2.4, page no. 2-3.

8. Detailed manufacturing process along

with chemical reaction and mass

balance (including reuse-recycle, if

any) for each product to be

manufactured. Details on end use of

each product. Give full name and

chemical formula of all the raw

materials and products.

Pls. refer sec. 2.7, page no. 2-3

for details of manufacturing

process and mass balance of

each product. Products are

mainly used in pharmaceutical

formulation industry.

Full name of all the raw materials

and products are given in

summary table no. 2.6, page no.

2-14 and chemical formula are

given in chemical reaction.

9. Copy of permission obtained from

concern authority for water supply.

Total water consumption will be

tune around 3.57 KLD only,

which is very less. Water

requirement will be fulfilled by

water supply of estate developer.

10. Water consumption and consumption

of each raw material per MT of each

product.

Total water consumption will be

3.57 KLD. Details of water

consumption of each raw

material per MT of each product

are given in table 2.6, page no.

2-14.

11. Water balance diagram (including

reuse-recycle, if any) along with

qualitative and quantitative analysis of

the each waste stream to be

generated. A detailed treatability study

vis-à-vis the adequacy and efficiency

of the treatment facilities proposed for

the waste water to be generated.

Water Balance diagram is given

in figure no. 2.1, page no. 2-20.

Pls. refer table 2.9, page no. 2-

17 for details of qualitative and

quantitative analysis of each

waste stream.

Small qty. of effluent i.e. 1.150

KLD only, mainly from process,

utility & reject of water treatment

source so may not need to

submit detailed treatability study.

12. Technical details of the ETP/Evaporator

including size of each unit, retention

time etc.

Pls. table 2.8, page no. 2-16 for

details of ETP units & evaporator

including size of each unit,

retention time and figure 2.2,

page no. 2-21 for details for flow

diagram of ETP.

Pls. refer sec. 10.8, page no. 10-

7 for more technical details of



evaporator.

13. Action plan for „zero‟ discharge of

effluent shall be included. Give

qualitative and quantitative data with

feasibility report for reuse of Mother

Liquor in process again. Submit an

undertaking in this regard.

Pls. refer sec. 2.11.1 on page no.

2-11 and water balance diagram

figure 2.1, page no. 1-20 for

details of zero discharge.

ML/effluent will be treated in ETP

and finally evaporate in kettle

type evaporator.

14. Plan for management and disposal of

waste streams to be generated from

spillage, leakages, occasional reactor

washing and exhausted media from

Scrubber etc.

Pls. refer sec. 10.6 of chapter-10

on page no. 10-6.

15. Explore the possibility of reuse/ recycle

and other cleaner production options

for reduction of wastes. Details of

methods to be adopted for the water

conservation.

No measurable waste generation

hence techno commercially not

feasible to recover condensate

water from evaporator.

Small qty. of methanol will

recycle in the next process after

recovery of used methanol.

16. Technical presentation made during

the meeting by project proponent. In

view of the MoEF&CC‟s OM vide no. J-

13012/12/2013-IA-II (I) dated

24/12/2013, Committee asked PP to

prepare EIA-EMP report as per the EIA

Notification 2006, which was agreed to

by the project proponent. After

deliberation on various aspects,

following TOR were prescribed for the

EIA study covering 5 km radius of the

project boundary.

Noted and complied

17. One season Site-specific micro-

metrological data using temperature,

relative humidity, hourly wind speed

and direction and rainfall should be

incorporated.

Details are covered under topic

no. 3.3.3 of chapter-3, page no.

3-7.

18. Anticipated environmental impacts due

to the proposed project/production

may be evaluated for significance and

based on corresponding likely impacts

VECs (Valued Environmental

Components) may be identified,

Baseline studies may be conducted

within the study area of 5 km for all

the concerned/identified VECs and

likely impacts will have to be assessed

Anticipated environment impacts

due to the proposed projects are

covered under chapter-4 namely

sec. 4.3 to 4.10, page no. 4-2 to

4-10.

Pls. refer sec. 3.2, page no. 3-5

for VECs.

Baseline studies are given under

sec. 3.3 to 3.9 of chapter-3 from

page no. 3-6 to 3-16.



for their magnitude in order to identify

mitigation measures.

19. One complete season baseline ambient

air quality data (except monsoon) to

be given along with the dates of

monitoring. The parameters to be

covered shall be in accordance with

the revised National Ambient Air

Quality Standards as well as project

specific parameters. Locations of the

monitoring stations should be so

decided so as to take into

consideration the pre-dominant

downwind direction, population zone

and sensitive receptors. There should

be at least one monitoring station in

the upwind direction. There should be

at least one monitoring station in the

pre dominant downwind direction at a

location where maximum ground level

concentration is likely to occur.

One season complete baseline

monitoring of ambient air quality

is given under sec. 3.3 of

chapter-3 from page no. 3.6 to

3.9 & tabulated in table 3.8 to

3.12 from page no. 3-21 to 3-25.

20. Modeling indicating the likely impact

on ambient air quality due to proposed

activities. The details of model used

and input parameters used for

modeling should be provided. The air

quality contours may be shown on

location map clearly indicating the

location of sensitive receptors, if any,

and the habitation. The wind rose

showing pre-dominant wind direction

should also be indicated on the map.

Impact due to vehicular movement

shall also be included into the

prediction using suitable model.Results

of Air dispersion modeling should be

superimposed on satellite

image/geographical area map.

Impact on air due to proposed

activity is calculated by ISCST-3

model.

Input parameters are covered

under sec. 4.5.5(a), page no. 4-6

of chapter-4. Input parameters

are tabulated in table 4.1, page

no. 4-12.

Cumulative impact on air quality

is given in table 4.2, page no. 4-

13.

Air quality contour superimposed

on location map & Wind rose

showing pre-dominant direction

is given in figure 4.1 to 4.3 to 4-

17 to 4-19.

21. Baseline status of the noise

environment, impact of noise on

present environment due to the

project and proposed measures for

noise reduction including engineering

controls.

Baseline noise level data is given

in table 3.16; page no. 3-30 of

chapter-3.

Impact of noise on present

environment is given in sec. 4.6,

page no. 4-8.

Mitigation measures are covered

under topic no. 10.5.4 of

chapter-10 on page no. 10-5.



22. Specific details of (i) process gas

emission from each unit process with

its qualification, (ii) Air pollution

Control Measures proposed for process

gas emission, (iii) Adequacy of the air

pollution control measures for process

gas emission measures to achieve the

GPCB norms, (iv) Details of the utilities

required, (v) Type and quantity of fuel

to be used for each utility, (vi) Flue

gas emission rate emission from each

utility, (vii) Air pollution Control

Measures proposed to each of the

utility along with its adequacy, (viii)

List the sources of fugitive emission

along with its quantification and

proposed measures to control it.

(i), (ii) & (iii) No process

emission hence not applicable.

(iv) Pls. refer table 2.5, page no.

2-10 for details of utilities.

(v) Pls. refer sec. 2.9(c) & table

2.10, page no. 2-9 & 2-18 for

type & qty. of fuel.

(vi) Pls. refer table 2.10(a), page

no. 2-18 for estimated flue gas

emission rate details.

(vii) Pls. refer table 2.10, page

no. 2-18 for APCM details. The

design of cyclone is work out

based on total air flow with its

concentration hence it will be

adequate to take care of air

emission.

(viii) Source of fugitive emission

will be from packing area, raw

material storage yard, process

area and storage yard.

Closed vessels will be used for

process, liquid material

transfer pneumatically, solid

/powder charge carefully to

avoid any dust of raw

materials.

Automatic Packing systems will

be installed with weighing

system to avoid manual

handling.

23. Details on management of the

hazardous wastes to be generated

from the project stating detail of

storage area for each type of waste, its

handling, its utilization and disposal

etc. How the manual handling of the

hazardous waste will be minimized.

Explore the possibilities for co-

processing of the Hazardous waste/

solid waste prior to disposal into TSDF/

CHWIF. Methodology of de-

contamination and disposal of

discarded containers and its record

keeping.

Hazardous waste management is

summarized in point no. 2.11.3,

page no. 2-12 and table no.

2.11, page no. 2-19 of chapter-2.

No waste generated having high

calorific value hence no

possibility of co-processing.


15 for details of how manual

handling of the hazardous waste

will be minimized.

Contaminated containers will be

decontaminated in our plant and

sell to authorize vendors.

24. Membership of common Environmental

infrastructure including TSDF, Common

This is a new unit. It will obtain

membership of approved TSDF



Hazardous Waste Incineration Facility

(CHWIF) along with an assessment to

accommodate the additional quantity

to wastes to be generated.

site before commissioning of our

project or before accumulation of

permissible qty.

25. Complete Management plan for By-

products/spent acid to be generated,

(if any) from the project including their

quantity, quality, characteristics, end

use etc. along with the name and

address of end consumers to whom

the by-product will be sold. Copies of

agreement/MoU/letter of intent from

them, showing their willingness to

purchase said by-products/spent acids

from the proposed project.

There is not any by product/

spent acid generation. So it is not

applicable in our case.

26. Name and quantity of each type of

solvents to be used for proposed

production. Details of solvent recovery

system including mass balance,

solvent loss, recovery efficiency

feasibility of reusing the recovered

solvents etc. for each type of solvent.

Only methanol will be used as

solvent. One kettle with primary

& secondary condenser will be

used for recovery of methanol

from used methanol. Its

consumption details are given in

table 2.6; page no. 2-14.

27. Data on air emissions, wastewater

generation and solid/Hazardous waste

generation and management for the

existing plant should also be

incorporated (comparative data in

tabular formal).

Pls. refer table 2.7 & figure 2.1

on page no. 2-15 & 2-20 for

wastewater generation data.

Pls. refer table 2.10 on page no.

2-18 for air emission details.

Pls. refer table 2.11 on page no.

2-19 for hazardous waste

generation and management

details.

28. Details of measures proposed for the

noise pollution abatement and its

monitoring.

Noise generation source is given

in sec. 2.10.4; page no. 2-11 and

its control technique are

summarized in sec. 10.5.4, page

no. 10-5.

29. A detailed EMP including the protection

and mitigation measures for impact on

human health and environment as well

as detailed monitoring plan and

management cell proposed for

implementation and monitoring of

EMP.The EMP should also include the

concept of waste-minimization,

recycle/reuse/recover techniques,

energy conservation and natural

resource conservation. Total capital

Pls. refer Chapter-10 for detailed

EMP.

Pls. refer sec. 10.12 & 10.13,

page no. 10-17 & 10-18 for

details of waste-minimization &

energy conservation.

Pls. refer table 10.2, page no.

10-20 for details of capital cost



cost and recurring cost/annum

earmarked for environment pollution

control measures.

and recurring cost/annum

earmarked for environment

pollution control measures.

30. Occupational health impacts on the

workers and mitigation measures

proposed to avoid the human health

hazards along with the personal

protective equipment (PPE) to be

provided to the workers. Plan for

periodic medical checkup of the

workers exposed. Details of work place

ambient air quality monitoring plan as

per Gujarat factories rules.

Pls. refer sec. 10.9.1, page no.

10-10.

Pls. refer sec. 10.10, page no.

10-12 for plan of periodical

medical checkup of workers.

Pl. refersec. 10.15.1, page no.

10-19 for details of work place

monitoring plan.

31. Details of hazardous characteristics

and toxicity of raw materials and

products to be handled and the control

measures proposed to ensure safety

and avoid the human health impact.

MSDS of all the products and raw

materials to be used. Permission from

PESO, Nagpur for storage of solvents,

other chemicals, if any.

Pls. refer table 7.1, page no. 7-3

for characteristics of Haz.

chemicals. MSDS of all hazardous

chemicals are enclosed as

Annexure-III.

Permission from PESO will not

require in our case as storage of

Haz. Chemicals are not exceed

the threshold limit.

32. Details of quantity of each hazardous

chemicals to be stored, material of

construction of major hazardous

chemical storage tanks, threshold

storage quantity as per schedules of

Manufacture, Storage & Import of

hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules of

major hazardous chemicals.

Pls. refer table 7.2, page no. 7-4

of chapter-7 for quantity of

hazardous chemical to be stored,

MOC.

33. Details of the separate isolated storage

area for flammable chemicals. Details

of flame proof electrical fittings, DCP

extinguishers and other safety

measures proposed. Detailed fire

control plan for flammable substances

and processes showing hydrant

pipeline network, provision of DG Sets,

fire pump, jockey pump, toxic gas

detectors etc.

There will be no flammable

chemicals handled by unit except

methanol.

Our is small plant and no

provision of fire hydrant system.

We will provide fire extinguisher

at sensitive location of plant. We

will install 3 nos. of 5 DCP

extinguishers with capacity of 5

kg each and 2 nos. of 5CO2


kg each. In addition to this, sign

board display with no smoking

area.

34. Risk assessment including prediction of

the worst-case scenario and maximum

credible accident scenarios should be

Pls. refer Chapter-7, risk

assessment report cover most of

all applicable points.



carried out. The worst-case scenario

should take into account the maximum

inventory of storage at site at any

point of time. The risk contours should

be plotted on the map clearly showing

which of the facilities and surrounding

units would be affected in case of an

accident taking place. Based on the

same, proposed safeguard measures

including On-site/Off site emergency

plan should be provided.

There is no tanker storage of any

chemicals & most of chemicals

are moderately hazard and

stored in carboys/drum packing.

On-site & off site emergency plan

are given in sec. no. 7.14 & 7.15

of chapter-7, page no. 7-15 & 7-

23.

35. Details of firefighting system including

provision for flame detectors,

temperature actuated heat detectors

with alarms, automatic sprinkler

system, location of fire water tanks &

capacity, separate power system for

firefighting, details of qualified and

trained fire personnel & their job

specifications, nearest fire station &

time required to reach the proposed

site. Submit line diagram of the fire

hydrant network.

There will be no flammable

chemicals handled by unit,

except methanol.

We will provide fire extinguisher

at sensitive location of plant. We

will install 3 nos. of 5 DCP


kg each and 2 nos. of 5CO2


kg each. In addition to this, sign

board display with no smoking

area.

36. Submit checklist in the form of Do‟s &

Don‟ts of preventive maintenance,

strengthening of HSE, manufacturing

utility staff for safety related

measures.

Summary of Do‟s and Don‟ts for

safer operation is covered under

the point no. 7.12 of chapter-7

on page no. 7-14.

37. A tabular chart for the issues raised

and addressed during public hearing/

consultation and commitment of the

project proponent on the same should

be provided. An action plan to address

the issues raised during public hearing

and the necessary allocation of funds

for the same should be provided.

Public hearing is yet to done. So

it will be incorporated in final EIA

report.

38. Detailed five year greenbelt

development program including annual

budget, types & number of tree to be

planted, area under greenbelt

development [with map], budgetary

outlay; along with commitment of the

management to carry out the tree

plantation activities outside the

premises at appropriate places in the

nearby areas and elsewhere.


7 for Greenbelt development

plan.

Commitment to carry out tree

plantation activities outside the

premises is enclosed as

Annexure-II.

39. Certificate of accreditation issued by NABET/QCI certificate is enclosed



the NABET, QCI to the environment

consultant should be incorporated in

the EIA Report.

as Annexure-IV.

40. An undertaking by the project on the

ownership of the EIA report as per the

MoEF&CC OM dated 05/10/2011 and

an undertaking by the Consultant

regarding the prescribed TORs have

been complied with and the data

submitting is factually correct as per

the MoEF&CC OM dated 04/08/2009.

Undertaking of project proponent

is enclosed as Annexure-II.

Undertaking of project proponent

is enclosed as Annexure-V.

41. A tabular chart with index for point-

wise compliance of above. The above

mentioned project specific TOR/

additional TORs and the model TORs

available in the MoEF‟s sector specific

EIA manual for synthetic organic

chemical industry shall be considered

as generic TORs for preparation of the

EIA report in addition to all the

relevant information as per the generic

structure of EIA given in Appendix III

in the EIA notification, 2006. The draft

EIA report shall be submitted to the

Gujarat Pollution Control Board for

conducting the public consultation

process as per the provisions of the

EIA Notification, 2006. The project

shall be appraised on receipt of the EIA

report.

Done

1.8 OBJECTIVE OF EIA

EIA is a policy and management tool for both planning and decision

making. EIA assists in identification, prediction and evaluation of the

foreseeable environmental consequences of proposed developmental and

industrial projects.

The objectives of the present EIA study is to assess the impacts on

various environmental components due to the proposed project activity,

identify potential source of pollution, evaluate impact on environment and

to recommend appropriate environmental management system and

environment management plan for the unit to ensure that the adverse

impacts if any will be minimized. Moreover, to prepare an Environmental



Statement to indicate conclusively if the overall impacts are positive

ornegative.

1.9 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA

Environmental Assessment (EA), another term used in the environmental

studies, refers to an understanding of the present status of environment

and a study of how to manage them. Keeping in view the nature and size

of the proposed project and industrial area and various guidelines

available, it was decided to cover an area of 5 km radius from the center

of proposed plant site for the purpose of environmental impact

assessment study. The methodology is briefly reported below and

hasbeen described in this section.

Baseline data collection:

The baseline data for the impact zone have been generated for the

following environmental parameters.

Ambient Air Quality

Micrometeorology

Noise Level

Surface & Ground Water Quality

Soil Quality

Ecology & Biodiversity

Land use pattern

Socio-Economics

The baseline status of the above environmental parameters has been

worked out based on the rapid monitoring/analysis carried out during the

study period of January, 2017 to March, 2017 supplemented by data

collected from various Govt. Dept., census publications etc. The data is

collected and analyzed as per the standard methods for establishing the

baseline data and so determine the impact of proposed activity on the

same.

Evaluation of Impact from Project Activities

The Environmental Impact resulting from the various project activities,

have been identified, predicted and evaluated based on the study of

manufacturing process and other project related activities as well as

correlating the same with existing baseline status.



Preparation of Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan has been prepared covering pollution

prevention measures at source in terms of air and water pollution control

measures, solid waste/hazardous waste management, safety

management, greenbelt development, environmental surveillance and

environmental surveillance and environmental management team.

Finally, the detailed assessment of the resultant environmental impacts

have been made based on the impacts identification and evaluated from

the activities over the baseline status of various environmental

components to reduce the pollution and to delineate a comprehensive

environment management plan along with recommendations and

suggestions to improve environment management system.

1.10 LIST OF INDUSTRIES SURROUNDING PROJECT SITE

Table 1.2 Major industries surrounding project site

Sr.

No.

Name of Industry Type (Activity)

1 Rio Glass Pvt. Ltd.

Plot No. 31-33, R.K. Industries Estate,

Nr. Bamanbore G.I.D.C.

Ahmedabad Highway, Rajkot

Processors of

Glass Products

2 Nira Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd.

Plot No. 6 to 9, G.I.D.C. Bamanbore

Pharmaceutical

3 Radhe Polymers Industries

Survey No. 98, Dosoli Ghuna Road,

Nr. K.A.P. Excel, Ta. Chotila, Bamanbore

Agricultural

products

4 Sahaj Packaging

R.K.Industries Estate, Nr. Bamanbore

G.I.D.C. Ahmedabad Highway, Rajkot

Manufacturer

5 Bestie Wafers

G.I.D.C. Bamanbore

Manufactures

1.11 STRUCTURE OF REPORT

The objective of the EIA study is preparation of Environment Impact

Assessment (EIA) report based on the guidelines of the Ministry of

Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC). It incorporates the

following.

Chapter 1: Introduction

This chapter provides background information of unit, brief of project,

need of EIA study, basic objectives and methodologies for EIA studies.



It also covers identification of project & project proponent and work to

be covered under each Environmental component.

Chapter 2: Project Description

This chapter includes project details and Infrastructure facilities

including all industrial & environmental aspects of the unit as well as

manufacturing process details. It also gives information about utilities,

raw material, water & wastewater quantitative details, stack details,

hazardous waste generation, storage & disposal facility.

Chapter 3: Description of the Environment

This chapter covers Baseline Environmental Status of the study area

including meteorological details, air, water, soil, biological

environment, socio-economic aspects, basic amenities land use

pattern etc.

Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

Measures

This chapter describes the overall impacts of the proposed project

activities on various environmental components. It predicts the overall

impact of the proposed project on different components of the

environment viz. Air, Water, Land, Noise, Biological and Socio-

Economic and its mitigation measures.

Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives

This chapter gives details of analysis of alternatives in terms of

technology & site.

Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Programme

This chapter describes technical aspects of monitoring (including

measurement methodologies, frequency, location and data analysis,

reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed budget and

procurement schedules.

Chapter 7: Additional Studies

This chapter describes Risk assessment and on-site, off-site

emergency plan and occupational health & safety programme.

Chapter 8: Project Benefits

This chapter focuses on benefits of project on improvement in physical

infrastructure, social infrastructure & other tangible benefits.



Chapter 9: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan

This chapter describes Environment Management Plan (EMP) to be

adopted for mitigation of anticipated adverse impacts if any and to

ensure acceptable impacts.

Chapter 11: Summary & Conclusion

It gives brief of the EIA Report and chapters there in. It also describes

about overall justification for implementation of the project and

explanation on various mitigation measures.

Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants engaged

This chapter describes the name of the consultant engaged with their

brief nature of consultancy activities and members involved in the

preparation of EIA report.



Figure 1.1

Location of the project site

Project Location Rajkot District

Gujarat state



Figure 1.2

Google map of 1 km radius



Chapter-2

Project Description

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Essentials Pharma proposed to start Bulk drugs manufacturing unit at

Plot No. 19, Survey No. 10/1, Rajkot-Ahmedabad N.H. 8B, Village:

Hirasar, Tal. & Dist.: Rajkot, Gujarat. Total manufacturing capacity of the

unit will be 6.0 MT/month.

As per the EIA Notification-2006, Industry falls under the Project or

Activity - 5(f) - Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye

intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations;

synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic

chemicals and chemical intermediates).

2.2 CAPITAL INVESTMENT

Total cost of proposed project is Rs. 2.3 crores. Out of which, Rs. 40.0

lakhs will be earmarked to development of EMS as capital investment and

around Rs. 5.0 Lakhs will be recurring cost per annum.

2.3 LAND REQUIREMENT

Total area of the proposed project is 864.78 m2. Detailed break up of land

is given below:

Table 2.1: Land breakup of the area

Sr. No. Particular Area (m2)

1 Plant Facilities 140

2 Storage (RM & Finished Products) 50

3 Storage (others) 80

4 Utilities 65

5 Lab 50

6 Internal Road 130

7 Green Belt 260

8 Office 50

9 Parking 39.78

Total 864.78



2.4 PROJECT SITE SPECIFIC DETAILS

Proposed project is to be located at Hirasar village of Rajkot District. Plant

layout is given in Figure 2.4. Details of the project site are as given in

following table:

Table 2.2: Salient Features of the project site

Particulars Details

Survey No. Survey No. 10/1

Village Hirasar

Tal. & District Rajkot

Co-ordinates

Latitude 22°24'2.97"N

Longitude 71° 1'42.41"E

Nearest Residential Area 1.5 km (Hirasar)

Nearest Airport 27.5 km (Rajkot Airport)

Nearest National Highway 1.6 km (NH8B)

Nearest State Highway 10.0 km (SH-122)

Nearest Railway line 18.4 km (Kankot)

Nearest Water Body: Creek/Nallah/

Lake/Pond/Reservoir/Canal

7.8 km Pond at Rupavati

Aanganwadi/School/College/Institute 1.5 km (Hirasar)

Note: Aerial distances are given in above table.

2.5 PRODUCTION DETAILS

Production capacity is given below:

Table: 2.3: Production Capacity

Sr.

No.

Name of Product Quantity

(MTPM)

Quantity

(MTPA)

End use of

product

1 Povidone-iodine

6.0 72.0

Use in

Pharma

formulation

Industries

2 Carbamazepine

3 Potassium Citrate

4 Metforminhydrochloride

5 Oxyclozanide

6 Sodium Citrate



2.6 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES (PROPOSED PLANT EQUIPMENTS/

MACHINERIES)

Table 2.4: Infrastructure Facilities

Sr. No. Name of machinery Capacity

1 SSR 500 ltr (1 No.)

2 SSR 1000 ltr (1 No.)

3 GLR 500 ltr (1 No.)

4 All Glass 100 ltr (1 No.)

5 Filtration- centrifuge 36”SS (1 No.)

6 Filtration-Sparkler 24”SS (1 No.)

7 Drying-Tray Dryer 48 Tray (1 No.)

8 Milling- Mill 25-250kg/hr (1 No.)

9 Sifting-Sifter 50kg/hr (1 No.)

10 Blending-Blender 1000 ltr (1 No.)

11 Bry Air-Heat Exchanger-

Rotor Depth

200mm (1 No.)

2.7 DESCRIPTION OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS

1. Povidone Iodine

Povidone & Iodine rolled for 72-80 hrs in a Ball mill (Blender) with

occasional manual stirring at temperature 90-100°C.

Chemical Reaction:

(C6H1NO)n + I2 (C6H1NO)n . 2I

Mass balance:

Input kg kg Output

Povidone 88

Iodine 12

100 Product

Total 100 100

Mass Balance of Povidone-Iodine

Final Packing

Ball mill (Blender)



2. Carbamazepine

Iminostilbene Carbonyl Chloride & Ammonium Bicarbonate in the

presence of water with occasional manual stirring at temperature 60-

70°C in S.S. Reactor. Crystallize with methanol and centrifuge it. Then

dry it in SS tray dryer and pack for dispatch.

Chemical Reaction:

C15H10NClO + (NH4)2CO3 C15H12N2O + NH4Cl + H2O + CO2

Mass balance:

Input kg kg Output

Iminostilbene carbonyl chloride 115

Amonium Bicarbonate 55 62 CO2 + H2O

R.O.Water 200

Methanol 150 145 Recover Methanol

175 Mother liquor to ETP

38 Drying Loss

100 Product

Total 520 520

Mass balance of Carbamazepine

SS tray Dryer

Final Packing

SS Reactor

Distillation

Centrifuge



3. Potassium Citrate

Potassium Hydroxide Flakes react with Citric Acid Monohydrate with

occasional manual stirring with water in presence of water at temperature

of 70-80°C.

Chemical Reaction:

C6H8O7 + 3KOH C6H5K3O7 + 3H2O

Mass balance:

Input kg kg Output

Potassium Hydroxide flakes 55

Citric Acid Monohydrate 62

R.O.Water 100

82 Mother liquor to ETP

35 Drying Loss

100 Product

Total 217 217

Mass balance of Potassium Citrate

SS Reactor

SS tray Dryer

Final Packing

Centrifuge



4. Metformin Hydrochloride

Dimethyl amino HCl & Dicyandiamide mix with occasional manual stirring

at Temperature 80-90°C in S.S. Reactor. Crystallize with methanol and

centrifuge it. Then dry it in SS tray dryer and pack for dispatch.

Chemical Reaction:

C2H4N4 + C2H8ClN C4H12N5Cl

Mass balance:

Input kg kg Output

Dimethyl Amino HCl 57

Dicyandiamide 53

Methanol 100 95 Recover Methanol

15 Drying Loss

100 Product

Total 210 210

Mass balance of Metformin Hydrochloride

SS tray Dryer

Final Packing

SS Reactor

Centrifuge



5. Oxyclozanide

2-Amino-4, 6-Dichlorophenol reacts with 3, 5, 6-trichloro salicylic acid

with occasional manual stirring at temperature 80-90°C. Crystallize with

methanol and centrifuge it. Then dry it in SS tray dryer and pack for

dispatch with solvent methanol.

Chemical Reaction:

C6H5Cl2NO + C7H3Cl3O3 C13H6Cl5NO3 + H2O

Mass balance:

Input kg kg Output

2-Amino-4-6 dichloro phenol 47

3,5,6 trichloro salicylic acid 65

Methanol 75

72 Recover Methanol

15 Drying Loss

100 Product

Total 187 187

Mass balance of Oxyclozanide

SS Reactor

SS tray Dryer

Final Packing

Centrifuge



6. Sodium Citrate

Sodium Hydroxide Flakes reacts with Citric Acid Monohydrate in the

Presence of Water with occasional manual stirring at temperature 70-

80°C. Crystallize with Methanol and centrifuge it. Then dry it in SS tray

dryer and pack for dispatch.

Chemical Reaction:

3NaOH + C6H8O7 C+H5Na3O7 + 3H2O

Mass balance:

Input kg kg Output

Sodium Hydroxide

flakes48

Citric Acid

Monohydrate75

R.O Water 50

40 ML to ETP

33 Drying Loss

100 Product

Total 173 173

Mass balance of Sodium Citrate

SS Reactor

Centrifuge

SS tray Dryer

Final Packing



2.8 PROJECT COMPONENTS

Component of the project includes all facilities and requirement for the

operation of the project are summarized below:

a) Input Requirement: Raw materials, Water, Fuel, Power etc.

b) Utility requirement: Boiler, Cooling tower, D.G. Set

c) Treatment Facilities:

Water treatment facilities: Evaporation in kettle type evaporator.

Air Pollution Facilities: Cyclone will be installed as APCM.

Hazardous waste facilities: includes Hazardous waste storage

facility.

d) Other facilities: It includes gardening area.

2.9 INPUT REQUIREMENTS

a) Raw material requirement:

The details of the raw material requirement are given in Table 2.6.

b) Water:

Total water requirement will be 3.57 KLD. Water requirement will be for

Industrial, domestic & greenbelt purpose. Total water requirement for

industrial purpose (process, utilities, washing & water treatment) will be

1.97 KLD. 1.0 KLD will be used for domestic purpose and 0.6 KLD will be

used for greenbelt. Water requirement will be satisfied through water

supply of estate developer. Details of water requirement are given Table

2.7.

c) Fuel:

Agro waste/agro briquettes @ 0.6 TPD will be used as fuel in boiler. HSD-

35 Lit/hr. will be used in stand by D.G. Set (125 KVA).

d) Power:

Power requirement will be fulfilled by Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.

(PGVCL). Total power demand will be 125 KVA.

e) Manpower:

Total manpower requirement for the plant operations will be 12 nos.

which includes the manpower at all levels.

f) Utilities:

The utility facilities are tabulated below:



Table 2.5: Utility details

Sr. No. Type of utility Qty. Capacity

1. Boiler 1 0.3 TPH

2. Cooling tower 1 50 TR

3. RO 1 set 200 lit./hr.

4. D.G. Set 1 125 KVA

2.10 GENERATION OF POLLUTANTS

2.10.1 Wastewater Generation

Total 1.15 KLD of industrial wastewater will be generated, which will be

treated in ETP and finally evaporated in kettle type evaporator to achieve

zero discharge. Generated 0.8 KLD of sewage will be disposed to soak pit

followed by septic tank. The details of the water consumption and

wastewater generation are depicted in Table 2.7.

2.10.2 Air Pollution

The main source of gaseous emission will be flue gas emission. There will

be no process emission. Flue gas emission will be from the stack attached

to boiler and stand by D.G. Set. Agro waste/agro briquettes will be used

as fuel in boiler and HSD will be used as fuel in D.G. set. Most probable

pollutants will be SPM, SO2 and NOx. The details of stacks with fuel

consumption are given in Table 2.10.

Sources of fugitive emission:

In proposed activities, there will be chances of VOCs generation namely

from process area. There will be also chances of generation of PM from

packing/finishing area.

2.10.3 Hazardous/Solid waste generation

The source of solid/hazardous waste generation will be ETP sludge &

Evaporation salt, Used Lubricating Oil, Discarded drums/containers

Liners. The quantity of ETP sludge & Evaporation salt is estimated around

0.25 MT/month, Used Lubricating Oil will be 0.1 KL/year, Discarded

drums /containers Liners will be 500 nos./month & 50 kg/month.

Details of hazardous waste generation with its quantity are given in

Table 2.11.



2.10.4 Noise generation

Noise is primarily generated due to the industrial activities like

mechanical movement and material handling. Noise may generate from

material handling, process plant, generator, machineries etc. General

noise level in the plant is expected within the prescribed limit.

2.11 POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY

The details of pollution control strategy for various parameters are given

here under:

2.11.1 Effluent Management

Source of effluent generation will be mainly from process, utilities &

water treatment. Generated industrial w/w will be 1.150 KLD. Effluent will

be treated in ETP and finally evaporated in kettle type evaporator to

achieve zero discharge. Sewage will be disposed to soak pit followed by

septic tank.

Treatment scheme

Effluent is first collected in collection/neutralization tank, where it is

neutralized, depending upon the acidity/alkalinity of raw influent. Then

effluent will be pumped into filter nutch. Then it will be transferred to the

kettle type evaporator, where all the effluent is evaporated.

Sludge will be removed from filter nutch and it will be transferred to the

sludge drying bed. After drying, the dried sludge will be collected, packed

in HDPE bags and stored in separate storage area and disposed to at

approved TSDF site. Salt from evaporator will be send to TSDF site for

landfilling. The capacity of evaporator will be around 300 Lit/hr.

2.11.2 Air Pollution Control Measures



to boiler and stand by D.G. set. Agro waste/Agro briquettes will be used

as fuel in boiler and HSD will be used as fuel in D.G. set. Cyclone is used

as APCM in stack attached to boiler. Adequate stack height will be

provided for proper dispersion of pollutants. Most probable pollutants will

be SPM, SO2 and NOx. It will be almost within the emission norms. There

will be no process emission.



Adequate stack height will be provided to control & disperse the air

pollutants within the satisfactory levels and facility for sampling such as

ladder and sampling point will be provided as per the GPCB guidelines.

Details of stacks are presented in Table 2.10.

Fugitive Emission Control:

To control fugitive emission, following steps will be implemented in the

proposed unit:

Close handling system provided for transfer of chemicals.

Pneumatically transfer of liquid raw material in rector.

Raw material will be stored in the covered structure.

Regular maintenance of valves, pipes etc.

Regular periodic monitoring of work area to check the fugitive

emission.

Greenbelt will be developed around the plant to arrest the fugitive

emission.

2.11.3 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management

Entire quantity of hazardous waste will be handled and disposed as per

Hazardous and other Wastes (Management & Transboundary Movement)

Rules, 2016.

ETP sludge & Evaporation salt will be sent at approved TSDF site, Used

Lubricating Oil will be sent to registered re-refiners, whereas discarded

drums/containers Liners will be sold to approved recyclers.

(a) Methodology of Decontamination of Discarded Containers:

As per the HWM Rule, contaminated containers will be decontaminated in

our plant and treated with other effluent in ETP.

2.11.4 Noise Pollution Control

The main noise generating sources in the plant are operation of boiler,

material handling, process plant, other machineries etc. All these sources

will generate continuous noise. However, the noise transmitted outside

the plant boundary will be low because most of the noise generating

equipments will be in closed structures provided with acoustic enclosure.

Equipments will be statically and dynamically balanced. Greenbelt will be

developed around the periphery of the plant. Ear muff, ear plug will be

provided to all workers working at noisy area.



2.12 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Rain Water Harvesting is a method of utilizing rain water for domestic

and agricultural use, which is widely used throughout the world. Rain

water from terraces/rooftop areas shall be collected through rain water

down-take pipes & collected to catch basins or stored in rain water tanks.

However, the rain water from plant area and parking area may

contaminated and not advise to collect directly to catch basins. Rain

water harvesting pits shall be provided wherever feasible so that

maximum rain water recharged into the ground before it reaches the

storm water mains.

The unit proposes ground water recharging sump at low lying area which

will be connected to the storm water drainage system. Thus, by

recharging the ground water during the rain, unit will contribute to

balance groundwater. Unit will provide required nos. of percolation well

for rainwater harvesting, on the basis of calculation for rain water

collected from rooftop.

2.13 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

The unit proposes to develop greenbelt in area of 260 m2 and it will be

30% of the total area and balance will be done in open area nearby

industry and approach road.



Table 2.6

Details of Raw Material Requirement

Sr.

No.

Name of Raw materials Quantity

(MT/MT)

Povidone-Iodine

1 Povidone 0.88

2 Iodine 0.12

Carbamazepine

1 Iminostibene carbonyl chloride 1.15

2 Ammonium carbonate 0.55

3 Methanol 0.05

4 RO Water 2.00

Potassium Citrate

1 Potassium Hydroxide flakes 0.55

2 Citric acid Monohydrate 0.62

3 RO Water 1.00

Metformin Hydrochloride

1 Dimethyl Amino HCl 0.57

2 Dicyandiamide 0.53

3 Methanol 0.05

Oxyclozanide

1 2-Amino-4,6-Dichlorophenol 0.47

2 3,5,6-trichloro salicylic acid 0.65

3 Methanol 0.03

Sodium Citrate

1 Sodium Hydroxide 0.48

2 Citric Acid Monohydrate 0.75

3 RO Water 0.50



Table 2.7

Break up of water consumption & wastewater generation

Sr.

No.

Break up Water Consumption

(lit/day)

Waste water

generation

(lit/day)

I Domestic 1000 800

II Gardening 600 --

III Industrial

1 Water treatment 500 500

2 Process 120 100

3 Boiler 750 100

4 Cooling 200 50

5 Washing 400 400

Total Industrial 1970 1150

Total (I+II+III) 3570 1950



Table 2.8

ETP units

Sr.

No.

Name of unit Dimensions (m) Capacity

(m3)

Hydraulic

retention time

1. Equalization cum

neutralization Tank

1.5 x 1.5 x 2.5

(2.0 WD)

4.5 94 hrs.

2. Filter nutch 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.0 - --

3. Final treated

collection tank

1.5 x 1.5 x 2.5

(2.0 WD)

4.5 94 hrs.

4. Sludge drying bed -

1 No.

1.2 x 1.2 x 1.0 1.44 m2

surface area

--

5. Evaporator rate of evaporation

300 lit/hr.

1.5 --



Table 2.9

Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of each waste stream

Sr.

No.

Parameters Unit Water

Treat.

Process Washing Utilities Equalize

1. pH pH Unit 7.6 7.5 6.5 7.4 7.2

2. SS mg/L 35 52 105 25 60

3. TDS mg/L 4800 9500 5100 4325 5250

4. COD mg/L 50 9500 1950 50 1530

5. BOD mg/L - 3200 540 - 465

6. Oil & Grease mg/L - 12.5 7 - 3.5

7. Ammonical

Nitrogen

mg/L - 55 15 - 10

8. Phenolic

Compounds

mg/L - <0.01 <0.01 - <0.01

Volume in Lit 500 100 400 150 1150



Table 2.10

Details of Stacks

Sr.

No.

Stack

attached

to

Fuel Type & rate of

consumption

Stack

Height

(m)

APC

measures

Probable

emission

Flue Gas Stacks

1. Boiler Agro waste

(briquettes): 0.6 TPD

16 Cyclone PM<150 mg/NM3

SO2<100 ppm

NOx<50 ppm 2. D.G. Set

(125 KVA)

HSD - 35 Lit/hr. 11 --

Table 2.10(a)

Estimated emission quality of stack

Sr.

No.

Stack

attached

to

Stack

Height

(m)

Temp.

(0c)

Velocity

(m/s)

Dia.

(m)

Concentration

SPM

mg/Nm3

SO2

mg/Nm3

NOx

mg/Nm3

1 Boiler 16 170 10.0 0.225 115 10 30

2 D.G. Set

(125 KVA)

11 185 12.0 0.150 85 25 35



Table 2.11

Details of Hazardous Waste

Sr.

No.

Type of Waste Category of

Waste

Quantity Disposal facility

1. ETP sludge

& Evaporation

salt

35.3 0.25

MT/month

Collection, Storage,

Transportation & Disposal at

TSDF site approved by GPCB.

2. Used

Lubricating Oil

5.1 0.1 KL/year Collection, Storage,

Transportation & disposal by

selling to registered recyclers.

3. Discarded

drums

/containers

Liners

33.1 500

nos./month

50

kg/month

Being used for packing of ETP

sludge in case of excess it will

be sold to approved recycler.



Figure 2.1

Water Balance Diagram

Water Consumption

3570 lit/day

Domestic 1000

Soak pit 800

Process 120

Boiler 750

Cooling 200

100 + 100 + 50 + 500 + 400 = 1150

100 100 50

Washing 400

Water treatment

1570

Product water

500 400

ETP 1150

Evaporator Water loss Salt

6 kg

Gardening 600



Figure 2.2

ETP process flow diagram



Figure 2.3

Key Plan

Project

Location



Figure 2.4

Plant Layout


EIA report of Essentials Pharma 3-1

Chapter-3

Baseline Environmental Status

3.1 PRELUDE

To assess environmental impacts from proposed project at a specific

location, it is essential to monitor the environmental quality prevailing in

the surrounding area prior to implementation of the proposed project.

The environmental status within the impact zone could be used for

identification of significant environmental issues to be addressed in the

impact assessment study.

In order to identify and establish the extent of likely impacts, it is

essential to gather information on existing environmental quality with

regard to various components of the environment.

3.1.1 Study area

Essentials Pharma is proposed to be located at Plot No. 19, Survey No.

10/1, Rajkot-Ahmedabad N.H. 8B, Village: Hirasar, Tal. & Dist.: Rajkot,

Gujarat. The baseline study was carried out within 5 km radius (as per

TOR) from the center of the proposed project.

3.1.2 Period of the Study area

The baseline study of the proposed project was carried out during

January, 2017 to March, 2017 within 5 km radius from the center of

the proposed project.

3.1.3 Basic Component of the Environment

The study of the basic component of the present environment is

obligatory to predict the environmental impact on the study area;

therefore it is necessary to discriminate the various components of the

Environment. Environment consists of Lithosphere, Hydrosphere,

Atmosphere and Biosphere. The following Environmental components

have been considered for the study of the Existing environment:

(I) Lithosphere: It includes the terrain and landscape study. Such as

a) Topography and Geology of the study area

(II) Hydrosphere or Water Environment: It includes water quality study

by means of -



a) Surface water quality

b) Ground water quality

(III) Atmosphere or Air Environment: Atmospheric condition mainly

depend upon the

a) Climatic condition, and

b) Micrometeorological data such as wind, temperature, humidity,

Rainfall etc. of the project area.

(IV) Biosphere: The biosphere is the ecological system integrating all living

beings and their relationships i.e. the interaction between both abiotic

and biotic components including dependence, competition and mutualism.

Biotic components comprises of both plant and animal communities,

which interact not only within and between themselves but also with the

abiotic physical and chemical components of the environment. Biotic

component includes study of -

a) Fauna: Study of the animal

b) Flora: Study of the Plant

(V) Other Component: Other component includes Socio-Economic data and

noise level data of the surrounding area.

Survey for above all components of the study area and data collected by

means of Primary and Secondary data are described from Sec: 3.3 to

3.9.

3.1.4 Methodology

(a) AIR ENVIRONMENT MONITORING:

Process:

Reconnaissance

Design of Network for AAQM Stations (fig: 3.6 shown all six Air

monitoring stations counting project site)

Air quality monitoring or data collection

Sample analysis

Methodology:

To understand the Air environment in the study area, monitoring of the air

quality was done by setting up reconnaissance, using Respirable Dust

Sampler (RDS) & Fine Particulate Sampler for monitoring of PM10, PM2.5, SO2,

NOx. Details of methodology are given in below table.



Table 3.1: Methodology of Ambient Air Monitoring

Sampling

Parameters

Sampling

equipment

Analytical

Equipment

Detection

Limit

Methodology

PM10 Respirable Dust

Sampler with

Cyclone & Flow

measurement

Electronic

balance

1 μg/m3 Gravimetric

IS: 5182 (Part 23)

2006

PM2.5 Fine Particulate

Sampler

Electronic

balance

1 μg/m3 Guideline for the

measurement of

ambient air pollutant

Volume-1 by CPCB,

2011, Gravimetric

SO2 Gaseous flow

attachment with

RDS Sampler

Spectro

photometer

0.002 ppm Colorimetric

IS: 5182: (Part II)

2001

NOx Gaseous flow

attachment with

RDS Sampler

Spectro

photometer

0.002 ppm Colorimetric

IS: 5182: (Part VI)

2006

CO Bladder & Pump GC 1145 μg/m3 GC method

(IS: 5182: Part 10)

VOC Grab samples Gas

Chromatograph

0.01 ppm

As per equipment

manual

(b) WATER ENVIRONMENT MONITORING:

Process:

Reconnaissance

Design of network stations for collection of water sample (fig: 3.8 shows

all six ground water sampling stations)

Sample collection & preservation

Analysis of water quality by using following methodology

Methodology for water sample collection:

There is no surface source of surface water in study area.

Methodology for water sample Analysis:

To understand the water quality of the study area, analysis of water sample

collected from Surface and Ground was conducted as per IS: 10500: 2012 of

drinking water or APHA (American Public Health Association).

Table 3.2: Ground Water Sampling Locations

Sample Code

Locations Date of Sampling

Taluka District

GW1 Nr. Project Site 21/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot

GW2 Bamanbore 21/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot

GW3 Gundala 21/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot

GW4 Jivapar 22/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot

GW5 Loma Kotadi 22/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot

GW6 Rampara Beti 22/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot



(c) LAND ENVIRONMENT MONITORING:

Reconnaissance

Design of network stations for collection of soil sample (fig: 3.10 shows

all six soil sample collection stations counting project site)

Sample collection

Physico-Chemical analysis of soil based on following methodology

Methodology for soil sample collection:

Undisturbed top soil samples were collected manually using auger. Sampling

locations with date of sampling is given in table below:

Table 3.3: Soil sampling locations

Sample code

Locations Date of sampling

Taluka District

S1 Plant Site 21/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot

S2 Bamanbore 21/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot

S3 Gundala 21/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot

S4 Jivapar 22/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot

S5 Loma Kotadi 22/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot

S6 Rampara Beti 22/02/2017 Rajkot Rajkot

Methodology for analysis:

To understand the soil quality of the study area, analysis of soil sample from

all six locations was conducted by making suspension of soil sample.

Analysis was done using following methodology.

Table 3.4: Soil Sample analysis methodology

Sampling

Parameters

Sample

collection

Analytical

Equipment

Methodology

Remarks

Porosity

Manual

sample

collection

using

Auger

- IS: 2720 Part 7 Trial pit method

for topsoil

sample

collection;

disturbed

samples

Water holding

capacity

- -

Permeability - IS: 2720 Part 17

Moisture content Electronic

Balance

IS: 2720 Part 2

Texture - IS: 2720 Part 4

Particle size

Distribution

Glass wares

IS: 2720 Part 4 5% Leachate to

be made and

analyzed as per

APHA,

“Standard

Methods”

All method

numbers are as

per APHA

“Standard

Methods”

(22nd

Cation Exchange

Capacity

Centrifuge IS: 2720 Part 24

(1976)

SAR F. Photometer (Na, K) Titration

(Ca & Mg)

Calculation

pH pH Meter 4500 H+B

Electrical

Conductivity

Conductivity

Meter

As per IS 14767

-2000

Calcium Glass wares 3500 Ca B



Magnesium Glass wares 3500 Mg B edition)

Sodium (Na+) Flame

Photometer

3500 Na B

Potassium (K+) Flame

Photometer

3500 K B

(d) NOISE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING:

Reconnaissance

Design of network stations for noise monitoring (fig: 3.9 shows all seven

noise monitoring stations counting project site)

Methodology:

To understand the noise environment in the study area, a survey was

conducted using Sound Level Meter at each of the seven locations including

the plant site. Monitoring methodology of noise is given in below table.

Table 3.5: Monitoring Methodology of Noise

Environment

Component

Sampling

Location

Sampling

Parameter

Sampling

Frequency

Sampling

Equipment

Detection

Limit

Ambient Noise levels

07 Locations

Decibels – dB (A)

Once during the study

Hourly reading

for 24 hours at each location

Noise Level Meter

0.1 dB (A)

3.2 VALUED ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS (VECs) IN EIA STUDY

Valued environmental components (VECs) are defined as fundamental

elements of the physical, biological and socio-economic environment,

including the air, water, soil, terrain, vegetation, wildlife, fish, birds and

land use that may be affected by a proposed project.

Physical Environment includes;

Physical components include features such as climate, physiography and

topography, soils/geology, groundwater and hydrology. This

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report describes and assesses

key physical features including:

Atmosphere: Climate conditions and trends, and extreme weather

events and air-quality conditions.

Geology & Hydrogeology structure

Soils: Soil types and characteristics,

Surface Water: Water bodies, characteristics and sources of potable

water

Ground Water: Primarily water source & groundwater characteristics.



Project effects on the physical environment are described with respect to

their potential pathway to the components of the terrestrial, aquatic and

socioeconomic environments.

Biological Environments: Biological Environments including flora, fauna

and wildlife, birds, Mammals, biodiversity etc.

Socio-economic Environment: Socio-economic valued components are

aspects of the socio-economic environment that are valued by people-

Land & Resource use, Population, Infrastructure and Services, Economy,

Personal, Family and Community Life.

Above all components are taken into consideration while carrying out EIA

study.

3.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The impact on air environment would depend and has been identified on

the basis of identification of sources of air pollution from various process

operations; the nature of pollutants and their quantities likely to be

discharged to the atmosphere; and the baseline data on air quality.

The baseline data on air quality and micrometeorological conditions of the

area surrounding the project site have been generated through an

appropriately designed network for monitoring of Ambient Air Quality

(AAQ) within the zone of likely impacts.

3.3.1 Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

The following criteria were taken into account while designing the

ambient air quality-monitoring network:

Topography/Terrain of the study area

Populated areas within the region

Prediction of maximum concentrations and distances of their likely

occurrence under prevailing meteorological conditions

Representation of regional background

Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in downwind

direction

3.3.2 Reconnaissance

Reconnaissance was undertaken to establish the baseline status of air

environment in the study region. The prime objective of the NAAQ

survey, within 5 km radial study area around the plant was to establish



the existing ambient air quality levels. Six Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

(AAQM) stations including project site were selected based on the criteria

used for designing the network. The locations (relative directions and

distances) of these stations with respect to project site are given in Table

3.6 and details of these stations are shown in Figure 3.6.

The Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), VOCs and CO were identified as

significant parameters for ambient air quality monitoring, particularly

because these are likely to be emitted from the industries and for which

ambient air quality standards are prescribed. The micrometeorological

data on wind speed, wind direction, temperature and relative humidity

were collected through a weather monitoring station for the study period.

The baseline status of air quality was monitored within the study area i.e.

5 Km radial distance from project site as per the latest regulatory

guidelines.

3.3.3 Micrometeorology of the area

The micrometeorological conditions at the project site will regulate the

transport and diffusion of air pollutants released into the atmosphere. The

principle meteorological variables are horizontal convective transport

(average wind speed and direction), vertical convective transport

(atmospheric stability, mixing height) and topography of the area. The

data on surface meteorological parameters (hourly average wind speed

and direction) in the study area were collected during the January, 2017

to March, 2017 using portable weather monitoring station placed at

industry site. The sensors of this equipment were kept at about 10 m

above ground level with free exposure to the atmosphere all through the

study period. In addition, data on temperature as well relative humidity

were also recorded simultaneously using a data logger.

Wind Rose (Secondary data)

The 24 hourly wind rose was prepared using the data on wind direction

and speed collected during January, 2017 to March, 2017 in the study

area. The same, as depicted in Figure 3.7, shows the predominant wind

directions are NNE, NE, NNW, N implying that winds come from these

directions for most of the time during the period. The wind speed class 1-



5 kmph occurred for 3.06%, 6-10 kmph about 8.29%, 11-15 kmph

34.63% and above 15 kmph and below 30 kmph occurred for 37.64% of

the study duration and of the time. The calm condition (below 1 kmph)

prevails 16.38% of time. The wind data generated at site were also

compared with the climatologically data obtained from the nearest Indian

Meteorological Department station at Rajkot. The local prevailing wind

pattern during the study period is in conformity with the climatologically

normal of the region.

Temperature (Primary data)

During the study period, the maximum temperature was recorded as

42.0°C and minimum was 14.0°C.

Relative Humidity (Primary data)

During study period, the maximum relative humidity was recorded as

91.0% and min. was 5.0%.

Rainfall (Primary data)

No rainfall during the study period at project site.

3.3.4 Ambient Air Quality Survey

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at eight AAQM

locations, with a frequency of twice a week to assess the existing

sub-regional air quality status during the period of January, 2017 to

March, 2017. The Respirable Dust Sampler and Fine Particulate Sampler

along with the analytical methods prescribed by CPCB were used for

carrying out air quality monitoring. At all these sampling locations; PM10,

PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOCs and CO were monitored on 24-hourly basis to

enable the comparison with ambient air quality standards prescribed by

the Central Pollution Control Board.

The data on concentrations of various pollutants were processed for

different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, standard deviation,

minimum and maximum concentration and various percentile values.

3.3.5 Baseline Status

The existing baseline levels with respect to PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOCs

and CO are presented in Tables 3.8 to 3.12 with interpretation of

statistical analysis of observed ambient air quality data for eight



locations. Presented results, represent the cross sectional distribution of

baseline air quality status of the study region.

Particulate Matter (PM10)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM10 values at all the

locations varied between 60.1-65.7 g/m3 and 63.5-69.6 g/m3, which

are well within the stipulated standard of CPCB, 100 g/m3.

Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM2.5 values at all the

locations varied between 31.3-37.9 g/m3 and 34.6-42.4 g/m3, which


Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly SO2 value of arithmetic

mean at all the locations ranged between 13.8-16.7 g/m3 and 16.3-20.9

g/m3 respectively, which are well within the stipulated standards of 80

g/m3.

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24 hourly NOx value of arithmetic

mean at all the locations ranged between 15.1-20.6 g/m3 and 17.9-26.3

g/m3 respectively, which are much lower than the standards stipulated

by CPCB, i.e. 80 g/m3.

3.4 HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE STUDY AREA

Geological features

Geologically 85% of Rajkot district is composed of Basaltic Rocks. It is

covered with inherent saline alluvium in North part of district. The area

east and southeast outcrops of sandstone are seen, which is a good

aquifer but highly exploited by farmers for abstraction of groundwater

due to which the ground water level has gone down considerably. In

Deccan Trap formation ground water is confined to secondary porosity

and permeability such as weathered basalt, cracks, joints, fractures,

fissures etc. and the groundwater movement is controlled by numerous

network of dykes. The multiple and scattered aquifers gets recharged

mostly during rainy season. In the area south of Rajkot district i.e. in

Jetpur taluka 300 to 400 mts deep bores yield adequate potable water.

Static water level of the area varies from 30 mts to 50 mts. In sandstone



area generally non-potable aquifers occur below 150 mts depth. The

deeper confined aquifers of Basalt are generally non- potable

Geo-Hydrological Status of the study area

Geo-hydrological study of the region shows that surface water as well

ground water flow direction is almost from Northeast to Southwest

direction. Sub-surface Geological cross- section which was drawn in the

river flow direction in the region shows that, it comprises predominantly

of sand with presence of intervening clay layers locally at places. It has

limited lateral extent. There is no continuity of clay beds with the

adjacent areas. Clays are not perfectly impervious and therefore it does

not act as a perfect confining clay bed/layer between two aquifer systems

forming confined condition. Moreover, regional as well as local aquifers in

northern and north eastern part of the present study area are leaky

aquifer. Therefore, wherever and whenever possible, adequate care need

to be taken to restrict/control leakage of waste water, if any, from waste

storage site into upper unconfined aquifer.

The presence of permeable clay layer and its limited extent is likely to

enhance or accelerate the process of direct entry of pollutant into sub-

surface aquifer system, if adequate care is not taken at the time of

construction of land fill/waste storage site. Studies on water environment

aspects of ecosystem is important for Environmental Impact Assessment

to identify sensitive issues and take appropriate action by maintaining

ecological homeostasis in the early stages of development of the project.

Physical, chemical and biological factors influencing water quality are so

interrelated that a change in any one parameter will change a complete

network of variables. The baseline quality of water in the region is

established by analyzing the present water sources in the study area

during the period.

3.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT

The source of water available in the area is ground water & surface

water. Baseline study for the water quality has been conducted and as a

part of study water samples were collected from various locations as

described in earlier section once during the study period. The samples

were analyzed as per the method described in IS: 3025 „Methods for



sampling and testing of water and waste water‟ and Standard methods

for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by APHA.

Details of the baseline study for establishment of existing water quality

status has been described in subsequent section under respective

heading.

Surface Water: There is no source of surface water in the study area.

Ground water: Ground water is the major/important source of water

supply in the study area. Water samples were collected from nearby

project site and different five villages (Bamanbore, Gundala, Jivapar,

Loma Kotadi, Rampara Beti). Table 3.14 show the analysis of the same.

3.5.1 Ground Water Quality (Primary data)

Collected water samples were analyzed for various desirable

characteristics of ground water. Sampling location is shown in Figure

3.8.

Color: All the samples were colorless meeting desirable norms.

pH: All samples meet the desirable standards (pH ranges from 7.3 to

7.8).

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS in samples ranges from 918 mg/L

(Nr. Project Site) to 1092 mg/L (Rampara Beti). All the samples meet the

permissible limit of 2000 mg/L, (If alternate sources of potable water are

not available).

Calcium: Calcium contents in the water ranges from 56 mg/L (Loma

Kotadi) to 73 mg/L (Rampara Beti), all the samples meet the permissible

limit of 200 mg/L, (If alternate sources of potable water is not available).

Magnesium: Magnesium content in the water ranges from 18 mg/L

(Bamanbore) to 37 mg/L (Jivapar). All the samples meet the permissible

limit of 100 mg/L (if alternate source of potable water in not available).

Sulphate: Sulphate content in the water ranges from 59 mg/L (Loma

Kotadi) to 69 mg/L (Rampara Beti). All the samples meet the permissible

limit of 400 mg/L for drinking water (if alternate source of potable water

in not available).

Fluoride: Fluoride content in the water ranges from 0.47 mg/L (Loma

Kotadi) to 0.56 mg/L (Nr. Project Site). All the samples meet the

permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L.



Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity in the water samples ranges from 264

mg/L (Loma Kotadi) to 335 mg/L (Bamanbore). All the samples are

within the permissible limit of drinking water (600 mg/L) (if alternate

source of portable water is not available).

Other Parameters: Potassium (ranges from 31 mg/L to 46 mg/L),

Sodium (ranges from 266 mg/L to 332 mg/L) and Chloride (ranges from

384 mg/L to 465 mg/L).

Heavy metals like copper, lead, chromium, iron, nickel, manganese and

zinc are found below detectable limit in all samples.

Conclusions: Ground water samples from villages meet the permissible

limit set by the authority (BIS). Indian Standard specification for drinking

water is given in Table 3.15.

3.6 NOISE ENVIRONMENT (Primary data)

3.6.1 Introduction

Noise can be defined as an unwanted sound. It interferes with speech and

hearing and is intense enough to damage hearing or is otherwise

annoying. The definition of noise as unwanted sound implies that it has

an adverse effect on human beings and their environment. Noise can also

disturb natural wildlife and ecological system.

Sound is mechanical energy from a vibrating surface, transmitted by

cyclic series of compression and rarefaction of molecules of the materials

through which it passes. Sound can be transmitted through gases, liquids

and solids. The number of compressions and refractions of the air

molecules in the unit of time is described as its frequency. Frequency is

expressed in hertz (Hz), which is the same as the number of cycles per

second.

3.6.2 Methodology

To understand the noise environment in the study area, a survey was

conducted using Sound Level Meter at each of the seven locations

including the plant site as shown in Figure 3.9.

3.6.3 Day-Time and Night-Time Noise Levels

Noise survey was carried out once at each of the seven locations in the

day and night time during the study period. Table 3.16 depicts average

Leq (day) and Leq(night) noise levels for all locations.



3.6.4 Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise

Ministry of Environment and Forest has notified the ambient standards in

respect of noise in Gazette of India dated 14th February, 2000. Table

3.17 depicts these standards in respect of noise.

3.6.5 Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area

The Leq values of noise levels during day-time varied from 51.6 dB(A) to

62.3 dB(A). Highest Leq daytime value was recorded at Near NH-8B. The

Leq values of noise levels during night time varied from 41.6 dB(A) to

56.8 dB(A). Highest Leq value during night time was also recorded at Near

NH-8B.

3.6.6 Conclusions

The hourly Leq noise levels recorded at various locations in the study area

show considerable fluctuations because of changes in traffic movement,

commercial and domestic activities in the study area. In the study area

higher Noise value during day time was noted near NH-8B and it is within

the Ambient standards of Commercial area for day time {65 dB (A)} and

highest results in night time was also recorded near NH-8B, which is not

within the Ambient standards of Commercial area for night time {55 dB

(A)} due to movement of vehicles.

3.7 SOIL ENVIRONMENT (Primary data)

3.7.1 Introduction

Soils may be defined as a thin layer of earth‟s crust that serves as a

natural medium for the growth of plants. It is the unconsolidated mineral

matter that has been subjected to and influenced by genetic and

environmental factors. Soils serve as a reservoir of nutrients for plants

and crops and provide mechanical anchorage and favorable tilth. The

study area has more or less flat topography. The soil analysis results

show that the soil is a fertile land. The study area has soil with the

following physical and chemical characteristics.

3.7.2 Soil Characteristics

Samples of soil were collected from 6 locations (Plant site, Bamanbore,

Gundala, Jivapar, Loma Kotadi, Rampara Beti) during the study period

and these locations are shown in Figure 3.10.



The values of important physical and chemical parameters of these soil

samples are depicted in Table 3.18. From the tabulated values, the

following conclusions can be made about the physical and chemical

characteristics of these soil samples.

3.7.3 Corollaries

Physical Parameters

Particle Size: A Particle size of the different constituents (clay, silt, sand

and gravel) controls the porosity and water holding characteristic of the

soil. Clay (size < 0.002 mm) amount in the soil samples ranges from

18% to 27%; Silt (size 0.002 to 0.075 mm) in the soil samples is 14% to

19% and Sand (size 0.075 to 0.475 mm) in the soil samples is 38% to

42%.

Porosity: Porosity is a measure of space in between soil particles caused

by structural conditions and determined under identical conditions.

Porosity of soil samples of the study area ranges from 41.7 to 43.7%.

Water Holding Capacity (WHC): Water holding capacity (WHC) of soil

samples of the study area ranges between 30.9% to 42.7% and these

being sandy soils are not capable of retaining sufficient water during

irrigation for facilitating the plant growth.

Bulk Density: Bulk Density of soils in the study area is found to be in the

range from 1.39 to 1.44 g/cm3. Bulk density is of greater importance for

characterizing the physical behavior of soils. Generally, soils with low bulk

density have favorable physical conditions (porosity and permeability)

whereas those with high bulk density exhibit poor physical conditions.

Chemical Parameters

pH: pH of soils in the study area is found to be in the range of 7.6 to 8.1.

Chloride: Chloride content in soils of the study area is found to be in the

range of 295 to 492 mg/kg.

Soluble Calcium: The soluble calcium as CaCO3 in soil samples is found

to be in the range of 117 to 146 mg/kg.

Magnesium: Magnesium content in soil samples of the study area ranges

from 92 to 125 mg/kg.

Available Phosphorus: Available Phosphorus content in soil samples of

the study area ranges from 25.1 to 30.1 mg/kg.



Available Nitrogen: Available nitrogen content in soil samples of the

study area is found to be in the range from 7.8 to 18.3 mg/kg.

Potassium: Potassium content in soil samples of the study area is found

to be in the range from 43 to 63 mg/kg.

Sodium: Sodium content in soil samples of the study area is found to be

in the range from 196 to 223 mg/kg.

Total Organic Matter (TOM): Total organic matter content in soil

samples of the study area is found to be in the range of 1.36 to 2.19

mg/kg.

3.8 ECOLOGY (Primary data)

A detailed flora fauna study was carried out in 5 km radius area of the

site. The structure and type of vegetation depends on climatic conditions

and physiography of an area. Climate of the study area is suited for the

variety of vegetation. The contents of this subsection are based primarily

on reconnaissance survey carried out by the team of San Envirotech Pvt.

Ltd. & through secondary sources.

The baseline study, for the assessment of the floral and faunal

biodiversity of the study area, within 5 km radius of the site was

conducted during January, 2017 to March, 2017.

3.8.1 Study methodology

The survey methodology was based on the flora & fauna species

identification in personal and recently recorded and found in the region by

the localities. Sampling of grass species was carried out by quadrat

sampling method to examine the species distribution and its frequency in

the region.

3.8.2 Floral diversity in the study area

The vegetation of this area was represented by tall trees, middle layer

trees and shrubs, ground layer of herbaceous and twiners and climbers.

The species of floral diversity observed in the study area were identified

and presented in Table 3.19 of this report.

3.8.3 Faunal Diversity in the study area

For the documentation of the faunal biodiversity of the study area with

respect to birds, reptiles, amphibians sps.; a baseline survey had been



conducted for the study area of 5 km radius. A faunal biodiversity with

their scientific names and common names is presented in Table 3.20.

3.9 SOCIO ECONOMIC & LAND USE (Secondary data)

3.9.1 Land use pattern and infrastructure

The land use pattern indicates the manner in which different parts of land

in an area is being utilized or non-utilized. It is an important indicator of

environmental health; human activity and a degree of inter play between

these two. Even though the soil quality, water availability and climate

have strong influence on agriculture and vegetation, the human activity

may alter the natural environment to a large extent to suit human needs.

Unnatural land use often triggers rapid environmental deterioration and

disturbs ecological balance. In census records, major land use

classifications are; Forests, Culturable land, culturable wasteland and

area not available for cultivation. Culturable land is further classified as:

irrigated and unirrigated. Area not available for cultivation includes lands

put to non-agriculture uses as well as barren and uncultivable lands.

The main land use in area is for dwellings, infrastructure and related

activities. However, the land use pattern for rural areas is discussed

below. The information is preliminary based on 2011 Census as depicting

in Table 3.21. Total land area is 8942.4 ha, out of that Irrigated area is

655.7 ha. It constitutes 7.33% of the total land area. Land has got

irrigation facilities from tube well with electricity. 3207.7 ha are un-

irrigated by source and it constitutes 35.87% of total land area. The

study area consist of Cultivable wasteland is 1335.3 ha (14.93%). Area

not available for cultivation is 2321 ha & it constitute 25.95%.

3.9.2 Demographic and Socio-Economic Environment

The demographic and Socio-economic details of the study area are

discussed below. These are primarily based on census data of 2011. Data

on number of households, population as well as literacy and employment

pattern in the study area have been presented in Table 3.22. The

employment pattern in the area is indicator of number of persons

employed in various sectors. It also indicates the various categories of

employment flourishing in the area. The Study area in 5 km radius has 11

villages including project site.



The total no. of household in the villages are 1702 and the total

population is 10083 (52.88% men & 47.12% women). 49.98% of are

literate while literacy rate among women & men is 17.44% & 32.54%

respectively. 26.41% of male population is part of main worker, while

only 2.90% of female population is a part of main workers. 3.96% of

male workers are marginal workers, while 12.84% of female workers are

engaged in such type of activities. 22.51% of male population and

31.38% of female population are non-workers.

3.9.3 Living Standard and Infrastructure

In India it is not possible to setup a primary standard of living because of

wide variations in terms of income, economic conditions, social custom,

employment opportunity, pattern of spending, etc. However, availability

of amenities like education, medical, water supply, communication, road

network, electricity, etc. significantly reflects the level of development of

the area. Information on available amenities in the study area has been

extracted from census record of 2011. Total numbers of village in study

area are 11. On the basis of data presented in the Table 3.23, the status

of available amenities is discussed in following sub-sections:

Educational Facilities

As per 2011 census, there are 14 primary schools, 1 Higher Secondary

schools, 1 college, in all 11 villages.

Medical Facilities

11 villages in the study area have 1 Registered Private Medical

Practitioner, 1 Community Health Worker/Health Worker, 2 Hospital,7

Maternity and Child Welfare Centre, 9 Primary Health Centre,5 primary

health sub centers,1 Family Welfare Centre, and in study area of 5 km.

Drinking Water Supply

All the villages in the study area have two or more sources of drinking

water. Most of the villages in study area have 9 well water supply in

addition to 3 Tap water and 9 hand pump facilities (almost all). Moreover

all villages have facility of 2 Tube Well water, 1 have tank water facility, 1

have canal facility and others.



Communication and Transport

The main mode of public transport available in the study area is by bus

service. All villages have approach to railway station as western railway

meter gauge line is passing through nearby. Majority of villages in the

study area is connected with pucca road.

Post and Telegraph

As per 2011 census record out of 11 villages in study area, almost all the

villages have post office facility at doorstep & phone facility.

Power Supply

As per 2011 census record almost all the villages are getting power

supply for all purposes and one village having electricity facility only for

domestic and agricultural purpose.



Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

(Period of Monitoring: January, 2017 to March, 2017)

Sr.

No.

Sampling

Location

Direction w.r. to

center of Industry

Distance

in km

Type of

Area

1 Project site(A1) -- -- Industrial

2 Bamanbore (A2) NE-Up Wind 2.0 Residential

3 Gundala(A3) N-Up Wind 3.1 Residential

4 Jivapar(A4) WNW-Up Wind 3.76 Residential

5 Loma Kotadi(A5) SSW-Down Wind 4.87 Residential

6 Rampara Beti(A6) SW- Down Wind 3.58 Residential



Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Status

(Period: January, 2017 to March, 2017)

Sr. No.

Sampling Station

PM10

(g/m3) PM2.5

(g/m3) SO2

(g/m3) NOx

(g/m3) Average (Min-Max)

1 Project Site (A1) 61.7 (57.5-65.8)

37.9 (33.9-42.9)

14.1 (11.2-16.3)

16.6 (12.9-20.4)

2 Bamanbore (A2) 60.3 (58.4-64.2)

32.8 (28.5-39.6)

16.7 (11.6-21.0)

20.6 (16.1-26.9)

3 Gundala (A3) 60.1 (54.5-63.5)

31.3 (27.4-34.6)

14.1 (11.1-17.1)

17.9 (13.8-23.9)

4 Jivapar (A4) 65.7 (62.7-69.8)

35.1 (29.8-40.1)

14.7 (12.2-17.9)

17.0 (13.2-19.3)

5 Loma Kotadi (A5) 61.0 (57.7-64.6)

34.6 (30.9-38.5)

15.2 (11.5-18.9)

16.3 (14.1-19.2)

6 Rampara Beti (A6)

62.9 (58.8-66.7)

34.0 (32.5-37.1)

13.8 (11.0-16.3)

15.1 (12.5-17.9)

Figure 3.1 Graphical representation of Ambient Air quality



Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality Status (PM10)

(Period: January, 2017 to March, 2017) Average - 24 Hours Unit - g/m3

Station Name Max Min 98th Percentile

75th Percentile

50th Percentile

25th percentile

Avg. SD

Project Site (A1) 65.8 57.5 65.5 63.0 61.8 60.6 61.7 2.1

Bamanbore (A2) 64.2 58.4 64.0 60.8 59.8 59.2 60.3 1.7

Gundala (A3) 63.5 54.5 63.5 62.2 60.2 58.3 60.1 2.7

Jivapar (A4) 69.8 62.7 69.6 67.2 65.5 64.4 65.7 2.0

Loma Kotadi (A5)

64.6 57.7 64.4 62.7 61.0 59.2 61.0 2.2

RamparaBeti (A6)

66.7 58.8 66.5 64.8 63.0 61.2 62.9 2.4

Figure 3.2 Graphical representation for PM10



Table 3.9: Ambient Air Quality Status (PM2.5)

(Period: January, 2017 to March, 2017) Average - 24 Hours Unit - g/m3


75th Percentile

50th Percentile

25th percentile

Avg. SD

Project Site (A1) 42.9 33.9 42.4 39.5 37.7 36.0 37.9 2.5 Bamanbore (A2) 39.6 28.5 39.1 35.2 32.5 29.9 32.8 3.4 Gundala (A3) 34.6 27.4 34.6 32.8 31.4 29.7 31.3 2.1 Jivapar (A4) 40.1 29.8 39.0 36.3 35.2 34.5 35.1 2.1 Loma Kotadi (A5)

38.5 30.9 38.4 36.7 34.2 32.9 34.6 2.4

Rampara Beti (A6)

37.1 32.5 36.7 34.7 33.8 33.0 34.0 1.3

Figure 3.3 Graphical representation for PM2.5



Table 3.10: Ambient Air Quality Status (SO2)

(Period: January, 2017 to March, 2017) Average-24 Hours Unit-g/m3


75th Percentile

50th Percentile

25th percentile

Avg. SD


18.9 11.5 18.7 16.5 15.2 13.9 15.2 2.1

Rampara Beti (A6)

16.3 11.0 16.3 14.8 13.6 13.1 13.8 1.6

Figure 3.4 Graphical representation for SO2



Table 3.11: Ambient Air Quality Status (NOx)

(Period: January, 2017 to March, 2017) Average-24 Hours Unit-g/m3


75th Percentile

50th Percentile

25th percentile

Avg. SD


19.2 14.1 19.0 16.9 16.1 15.2 16.3 1.5

Rampara Beti (A6)

17.9 12.5 17.9 16.1 14.7 14.2 15.1 1.6

Figure 3.5 Graphical representation for NOX



Table 3.12: Ambient Air Quality Status (VOCs & CO)

(Period: January, 2017 to March, 2017)

Station Name VOCs (g/m3) CO

(g/m3) Benzene Toluene Xylene Total BTX Methanol

Project Site (A1) 0.56 0.32 BDL 0.88 BDL 1142

Bamanbore (A2) 0.33 0.25 BDL 0.58 BDL 1209

Gundala(A3) 0.51 0.21 BDL 0.72 BDL 1095

Jivapar(A4) 0.46 0.19 BDL 0.65 BDL 1432

Loma Kotadi(A5) 0.28 0.22 BDL 0.50 BDL 1307

Rampara Beti(A6) 0.32 0.18 BDL 0.50 BDL 1123



Table 3.13: National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(EP, 7th amendment rules-2009)

Pollutants Time-weighted

average

Concentration in ambient air

Industrial,

Residential,

Rural and

others area

Ecologically

Sensitive

area

(Notified by

Central

Government)

Method of

Measurement

Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2) µg/m3

Annual Average* 50 20 Improved west

and Geake

Ultraviolet

fluorescence

24 hours** 80 80

Oxides of

Nitrogen as

(NO2) µg/m3

Annual Average* 40 30 Modified Jacob

&Hochheiser

(Na-Arsenate)

Chemiluminesc

ence

24 hours** 80 80

Particulate

Matter(Size less

than 10 µm or

PM10, µg/m3

Annual Average* 60 60 Gravimetric

TOEM

Beta

attenuation

24 hours** 100 100

Particulate

Matter(Size less

than 2.5 µm or

PM2.5, µg/m3

Annual Average* 40 40 Gravimetric

TOEM

Beta

attenuation

24 hours** 60 60

Ozone (O3)

µg/m3

8 hours ** 100 100 UV photometric

Chemiluminesc

ence

Chemical

Method

1hours** 180 180

Lead (Pb)

µg/m3

Annual Average* 0.50 0.50 AAS/ICP

method after

sampling on

EPM 2000 or

equivalent

filter paper

ED-XRF using

Teflon filter

24 hours** 1.0 1.0

Carbon Monoxide

(CO)

mg/m3

8 hours** 02 02 Non Dispersive

Infra Red

(NDIR)

spectroscopy

1 hour** 04 04

Ammonia(NH3)

µg/m3

Annual Average* 100 100 Chemiluminesc

ence

Indophenol

Blue Method

24 hours** 400 400

Benzene (C6H6)

µg/m3

Annual* 05 05 Gas

chromatograph

y based

continuous

analyzer

Adsorption and

desorption

followed by GC



analysis

Benzo(a)Pyrine

(BaP)-particulate

phase only,

ng/m3

Annual* 01 01 Solvent

extraction

followed by

HPLC/GC

analysis

Arsenic (As),

µg/m3

Annual* 06 06 AAS/ICP

method after

sampling on

EPM 2000 or

equivalent

filter paper

Nickel (Ni)

ng/m3

Annual* 20 20 AAS/ICP

method after

sampling on

EPM 2000 or

equivalent

filter paper

*

Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year

taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.

**

24 hourly/8 hourly or 01 hourly values, as applicable, shall be

complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time the time,

they may exceed the limits but not two consecutive days of

monitoring.



Table 3.14: Results of Ground water Quality in the Study Area

(Date of Monitoring: 21/02/2017 to 22/02/2017)

Parameters Unit Concentration

Nr. Project

Site (GW1)

Bamanbore (GW2)

Gundala (GW3)

Jivapar (GW4)

Loma Kotadi (GW5)

Rampara Beti

(GW6)

pH pH Unit 7.5 7.3 7.8 7.4 7.6 7.5

Color Co-Pt

Unit

Colorless Colorless Colorless Color

less

Color

less

Color

less

Conductivity μmhos/

cm

1328 1381 1465 1372 1364 1580

Turbidity NTU 5.7 6.1 4.3 4.9 5.8 6.7

TDS mg/L 918 960 1016 963 946 1092

TH as CaCO3 mg/L 277 221 264 307 255 330

Total Alkalinity mg/L 317 335 277 280 264 307

Calcium as Ca+2 mg/L 68 59 58 62 56 73

Magnesium as

Mg+2

mg/L

26

18 29

37

28 34

Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 384 402 446 432 412 465

Sulfates as SO4-2 mg/L 64 63 64 61 59 69

Fluoride as F- mg/L 0.56 0.51 0.55 0.49 0.47 0.48

Nitrates as NO3-3 mg/L 18.2 16.5 19.1 17.4 17.5 20.4

Sodium as Na+ mg/L 266 330 332 307 322 328

Potassium as K+ mg/L 46 38 34 31 37 42

Phenolic

compound

mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium as Cd mg/L <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.001 <0.001

Nickel as Ni mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

Copper as Cu mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

Lead as Pb mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Manganese as Mn mg/L <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

Iron as Fe mg/L 0.21 0.17 0.24 0.22 0.18 0.25

Chromium as Cr mg/L <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

Zinc as Zn mg/L <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08



Table 3.15: Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water

Sr.

No.

Parameters Desirable Limit Permissible Limit

in the Absence of

Alternate Source

I Essential Characteristics

1. Colour, Hazen Units, Max. 5 25

2. Odour Unobjectionable -

3. Taste Agreeable -

4. Turbidity, NTU, Max. 5 10

5. pH value 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation

6. Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l, Max. 300 600

7. Iron (as Fe) mg/ l, Max. 0.3 1.0

8. Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l, Max. 250 1000

9. Residual Free Chlorine, mg/l, Min. 0.2* -

II Desirable Characteristics

10. Dissolved Solids, mg/l, Max. 500 2000

11. Alkalinity (as CaCO3), mg/l, Max. 200 600

12. Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, Max. 200 400

13. Nitrate (as NO3) 50 No Relaxation

14. Fluoride (as F) mg/l, Max. 1.0 1.5

15. Calcium (as Ca) mg/l, Max. 75 200

16. Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l, Max. 30 100

17. Copper (as Cu) mg/l, Max. 0.05 1.5

18. Manganese (as Mn) mg/l, Max. 0.1 0.3

19. Mercury (as Hg) mg/l, Max. 0.001 No Relaxation

20. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l, Max. 0.01 No Relaxation

21. Selenium (as Se) mg/l, Max. 0.01 No Relaxation

22. Arsenic (As As) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation

23. Lead (as Pb) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation

24. Zinc (as Zn) mg/l, Max. 5 15

25. Aluminium (as Al) mg/l, Max. 0.03 0.2

26. Boron (as B) mg/l, Max. 1 5

27. Chromium (as Cr) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation

28. Cyanide (as CN) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation

29. Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH)

mg/l, Max.

0.001 0.002

30. Anionic Detergents (as MBAS) mg/l,

Max. mg/l, Max.

0.2 1.0

31. Mineral Oil mg/l, Max. 0.01 0.03

32. Pesticides Absent 0.001

33. Radioactive Materials

a. Alpha Emitters, Bq/I, Max.

b. Beta Emitters, Pci/I, Max

-

-

0.1

0.037

*Applicable only when water is chlorinated

Source: IS: 10500-2012



Table 3.16: Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area

Sr.

No.

Noise Monitoring

Locations

Date of

Monitoring

CPCB Limits in

dB(A)

Average Noise

levels in dB(A)

Leq

(Day)

dB (A)

Leq

(Night)

dB (A)

Leq

(Day)

dB (A)

Leq

(Night)

dB (A)

1. Plant Site (N1) 21/02/17 75.0 70.0 51.6 47.2

2. Village Bamanbore (N2) 21/02/17 55.0 45.0 54.1 42.5

3. Village Gundala (N3) 21/02/17 55.0 45.0 52.8 44.3

4. Village Jivapar (N4) 22/02/17 55.0 45.0 53.2 41.6

5. Village Loma Kotadi

(N5)

22/02/17 55.0 45.0 51.7 43.2

6. Temple Rampara Beti

(N6)

22/02/17 50.0 40.0 52.6 42.9

7. Nr. NH-8B (N7) 22/02/17 65.0 55.0 62.3 56.8

Table 3.17

Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to noise

Category of Area Limits Leq, dB(A)

Day Time Night Time

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence 50 40



Table 3.18: Soil Analysis of Study area

(Date of Sampling: 21/02/2017 to 22/02/2017)

S.

No.

Parameters Unit Plant Site (S1)

Village Bamanbore

(S2)

Village Gundala

(S3)

Village Jivapar (S4)

Village Loma Kotadi (S5)

Village Rampara

Beti (S6)

1. pH (5%) Solution - 7.8 7.6 7.9 8.1 7.8 8.1

2. Moisture % 4.2 5.1 6.3 4.9 4.7 4.5

3. Particle Size

Clay (<0.002 mm) % 24 27 18 23 25 20

Silt (0.002 mm to

0.075 mm)

% 18 16 19 16 14 18

Sand (0.075-

0.475 mm

% 38 40 39 42 38 41

gravel

(size >4.75 mm)

% 20 17 24 19 23 21

4. Water Holding

Capacity

% 39.8 34.5 30.9 42.7 41.8 38.4

5. Permeability cm/hr. 2.91 2.72 2.56 2.84 3.16 2.83

6. Bulk Density g/cm3 1.41 1.39 1.42 1.44 1.41 1.39

7. Porosity % 42.9 43.7 42.5 41.7 43.0 43.6

8. Sodium

Absorption Ratio

Meq/

100gm

3.0 3.05 3.29 2.89 3.73 3.5

9. Sodium mg/kg 204 201 215 196 223 218

10. Potassium mg/kg 51 48 43 52 47 63

11. Calcium mg/kg 139 129 146 144 117 132

12. Magnesium mg/kg 125 120 106 122 92 102

13. Chlorides mg/kg 443 295 391 367 492 372

14. Sulphates mg/kg 339 186 162 235 255 262

15. Organic Matter mg/kg 1.36 2.14 2.19 1.86 1.72 1.7

16. Available Nitrogen mg/kg 9.8 7.8 10.9 11.3 14.4 18.3

17. Available

Phosphorus

mg/kg 25.3 26.4 25.1 25.9 27.3 30.1

18. Iron mg/kg 1.46 1.23 1.49 1.72 1.49 1.3

19. Cation Exchange

Capacity

Meq/

100gm

2.75 5.64 2.65 2.72 2.45 2.6



Table 3.19 Floral Diversity

(i) Trees

Sr. No.

Family Scientific name Common name

1. Anacardiaceae Mangiferaindica Ambo

2. Araucariaceae Araucaria heterophylla Christmas tree

3. Caricaceae Carica papaya Papaya

4. Annonaceae Annonasquamosa Sitaphal

Polyalthialongifolia Asopalav

5. Apocynaceae Alstoniascholaris Saptaparni

Plumeria alba Champo

6. Arecaceae Cocosnucifera Nariyal

Hyophorbelagenicaulis Bottle Palm

Phoenix sylvestris Khajuri

7. Boraginaceae Cordiadichotoma Gunda

8. Casuarinaceae Casuarinaequisetifolia Saru

9. Combretaceae Terminaliaarjuna Arjun

10. Euphobiaceae Phyllanthusemblica Amla

11. Leguminosae Cassia fistula Garmalo

Delonixregia Gulmohar

12. Caesalpinioideae Parkinsoniaaculeata Ram baval

Tamarindusindica Amli

13. Faboideae Buteamonosperma Kesudo

Dalbergiasissoo Sisoo

Pongamiapinnata Karanj

14. Mimosoideae Acacia auriculiformis Benth Autralian acacia

Acacia niloticasubsp Baval

Albizialebbeck Kalo siris

Leucaenaleucocephala Pardesibaval

Pithecellobiumdulce Gorasambli

Prosopis cineraria Khijado

Prosopisjuliflora Gandobaval

15. Meliaceae Azadirachtaindica Limdo

16. Moraceae Ficusbenghalensis Vad

Ficusreligiosa Peepal

FicusvirensAiton Pipli

Morus alba Setur

17. Rhamnaceae ZiziphusjujubaMill Bor

18. Myrtaceae Eucalyptus globulusLabill Nilgiri

Psidiumguajava Jamphal

Syzygiumcumini Jamun

19. Rhamnaceae ZiziphusjujubaMill Bor



20. Rutaceae Aeglemarmelos Bili

Citrus limon Limbu

Limoniaacidissima Kotha

Murrayakoenigii Mitholimdo

21. Sapotaceae

Manilkarahexandra Rayan

Manilkarazapota Chiku

22. Simaroubaceae Ailanthus excelsa Arduso

(ii) Shrubs

Sr. No.

Family Scientific name Local name

1. Acanthaceae AdhatodavasicaNees Ardusi

Barleriacristata Pilokantashediyo

2. Apocynaceae Calotropisprocera Ankdo

Calotropisgigantea SafedAnkdo

Cascabelathevetia Pilikaran

3. Cactaceae Opuntiaelatior Fafdathor

4. Convolvulaceae Ipomoea carnea Naphatio

5. Cupressaceae Thujaoccidentalis Vidya

Acalyphawilkesiana Acalypha

Euphorbia neriifolia Thor

6. Euphorbiaceae Jatrophaintegerrima Spicy Jatropha

Ricinuscommunis Divel

7. Lythraceae Lawsoniainermis Mehndi

8. Malvaceae Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Jasud

9. Oleaceae Jasminummultiflorum Mogra

(iii) Herbs

Sr. No.


1. Acanthaceae Hygrophilaauriculata Kantashulio

2. Asparagaceae Agave Americana Ketki

3. Amaranthaceae Amaranthusspinosus Chilnibhaji

4. Asteraceae

Echinopsechinatus Shulio

Partheniumhysterophorus Congress grass

Tridaxprocumbens Pardeshibhangro

5. Lamiaceae Ocimumtenuiflorum Tulsi

6. Leguminosae Tephrosiapurpurea Sarphankho

7. Poaceae Cynodondactylon Durva

8. Solanaceae Daturainnoxia Dhaturo

Solanumvirginianum Bhonyringni

9. Typhaceae Typhadomingensis Ramban



(iv) Climbers and Twiners

Sr. No.


1. Combretaceae Combretumindicum Madhumalati

2. Menispermaceae Cocculushirsutus Vevdi

3. Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea spectabilis Boganvel

4. Oleaceae JasminumflexileVahl Jui

(iv) Crop Plants

Sr.

No.


1. Apiaceae Cuminumcyminum Jeeru

2. Leguminosae Arachishypogaea Magphali

3. Liliaceae Allium cepa Dungdi

4. Malvaceae Gossypiumherbaceum Kapaas

5. Poaceae Oryzasativa Dangar

Sorghum bicolor Jowar

Triticumaestivum Ghanv

Zea mays Makai



Table 3.20: Faunal Diversity

(i) Birds

Sr.

No.


1. Accipitridae Milvusmigrans Black kite

2. Ardeidae Ardeolagrayii Pond heron

Bulbucus ibis Cattle egret

3. Charadriidaea Vanellusindicus Red wattled

lapwing

4. Columbidae Columba livia Blue rock pigeon

Spilopeliasenegalensis Laughing Dove

Streptopeliadecaocto Eurasian Collard

Dove

5. Corvidae Corvusmacrorhynchos Jungle crow

Corvussplendens Common crow

6. Cuculidae Eudynamysscolopaceus Indian koel

7. Discruidae Dicrurusadsimilis Black drongo

8. Hirundinidae Hirundosmithii Wire tailed Swallow

9. Leiothrichidae Turdoidescaudatus Common babbler

10. Megalaimidae Megalaimahaemacephala Coppersmith barbet

11. Meropidae Meropsorientalis Green bee- eater

12. Nectariniidae Nectariniaasiatica Purple sunbird

13. Passeridae Passer domesticus House sparrows

14. Phasianidae Pavocristatus Indian peafowl

15. Pycnonotidae Pycnonotuscafer Red vented bulbul

Pycnonotusleucotis White-eared bulbul

16. Strigidae Athenebrama Spotted owlet

Acridotheresginginianus Bank myna

17. Sturnidae Acridotherestristis Common myna

(ii) Reptiles

Sr. No.


1. Agamidae Calotesversicolar Garden lizard

(Kachindo)

2. Colubridae Ptyas mucosa Indian Rat Snake (Dhaman)

3. Elapidae Bungaruscaeruleus Common Indian Krait (Kadotaro)

Najanaja Common cobra

(Nag)

4. Trionychidae Lissemyspunctata Indian Flap shell Turtle (Kachbo)



(iii) Mammals

Sr.

No.


1. Bovidae Boselaphustragocamelus Nilgai

2. Canidae Canisaureus Shiyal

3. Cereopithecidae Semnopithecusdussumieri Vandro

4. Felidae Felischaus Jungle cat

5. Herpestidae Herpestesedwardsi Noliyo

6. Hystricidae Hystrixindica Shahudi

7. Leporidae Lepusnigricollis Sasalu

8. Pteropidae Pteropusgiganteus Vagol

(iv) Insects & Others

Sr.

No.


1. Apidae Apisdorsata Honey bee

2. Culicidae Anopheles Mosquito

3. Formicidae Camponotuscompressus Black ant

Oecophyllasmaragdina Red ant

4. Gryllidae Gryllusdomecticus House cricket

5. Meloidae Mylabris Beetle

6. Tettigoniidae Conocephalus Grasshopper

7. Megascolecidae Megascolex Earthworm

8. Muscidae Muscadomestica House fly

9. Nymphalidae Euploea core Common Crow



Table 3.21

Land Use Pattern

Sr.

No.

Name of

Village

Total Area

of the

Village

(ha)

Irrigated

by source

(ha)

Un-

irrigated

(ha)

Culturable

waste

(ha)

Area not

available

for

cultivation

(ha)

1. Gundala 379.8 49.5 119.6 198.9 11.8

2. Bamanbore 1801.0 131.8 1180.6 221.0 267.7

3. Navagam 644.00 92.0 243.9 44.0 264.2

4. Jivapar 997.0 120.7 368.6 48.1 338.2

5. Hirasar 874.8 42.8 80.0 - 206.6

6. Garida 1152.6 76.7 361.0 188.1 175.1

7. Beti 213.6 20.0 62.9 71.7 59.0

8. Rampar 892.9 30.4 373.4 63.9 223.3

9. Rampara Beti 880.9 50.6 350.2 - 480.1

10. Doshalighuna 924.3 37.7 50.1 480.0 154.1

11. Loma Kotadi 181.5 3.5 17.4 19.6 140.9



Table: 3.22 Summary of Socio-Economic Status (Demography)

Name of the

Village/

Town/

Ward

No. of

Occupied

Residential

House

Total Population

(Including

institutional and

houseless

population)

Literates Total main

Workers

Cultivators Agricultural

Laborer

Marginal

Workers

Non-

Worker

P M F M F M F M F M F M F M F

Gundala 71 335 176 159 84 48 88 13 01 74 05 04 09 27 87 72

Bamanbore 588 3437 1922 1515 1152 562 1024 56 17 371 114 46 10 49 881 1088

Navagam 98 520 270 250 210 134 141 11 13 136 126 4 7 7 116 103

Jivapar 99 631 322 309 194 46 127 04 18 31 48 02 24 13 177 274

Hirasar 58 318 166 152 94 50 111 15 2 5 4 - 24 14 53 132

Garida 160 955 500 455 365 243 282 5 16 1 167 3 24 - 202 449

Beti 100 728 351 377 185 99 163 23 21 127 124 112 18 24 167 227

Rampar 143 981 502 479 246 122 251 10 74 265 203 198 38 64 177 204

Rampara Beti 308 1752 906 846 612 382 390 145 154 141 126 69 28 37 362 560

Doshalighuna 63 344 173 171 105 54 71 10 63 115 24 02 25 42 39 46

Loma Kotadi 14 82 44 38 34 18 15 00 20 29 12 00 14 20 09 09



Table 3.23 Basic Amenities in the Study Area

Name of

Village

Educational

Facility

Medical

Facility

Drinking

Water

Facility

Communication

(Post

or Telegraph)

Transportation

Facility

(Bus etc.)

Approach

to

Village

Nearest town

and Distance

(Kms.)

Power

Supply

Gundala P, C(10+) H(10+), MCW(<5),

PHC(<5)

HP PO(<5), PH(<5) BS(<5),

RS(10+)

MR Rajkot(28) EA

Bamanbore P(2), S,

C(10+)

MCW, PHC, PHS, FWC,

H(10+)

T, HP, W PO, PH(52) BS, RS(10+) PR Rajkot(30) EA

Navagam P,C(10+) PHS,H(10+),

MCW(10+),PHC(<5)

T,HP,W,

TK

PO(<5),PH(<5) BS,RS(10+) PR,MR Rajkot (35) EA

Jivapar P, C(10+) H(10+), MCW(<5),

PHC(<5)

HP, W PH, PO(<5) BS, RS(10+) PR Rajkot(25) EA

Hirasar P,C(10+) H(10+),

MCW(5-10),PHC(5-10)

HP,W PO(5-10),

PH(5-10)

BS(<5),

RS(10+)

MR Rajkot(27) ED

Garida P,C(10+) CHW,H(10+),

MCW(10+),

PHC(10+)

T,HP,W,

TK,C

PO,PH(2) BS,RS(10+) PR Wankaner

(20)

ED,EAG

Beti P, C(10+) RMP, H(10+), MCW(5-

10), PHC(5-10)

HP, TW,

W

PO(<5), PH(<5) BS, RS(10+) MR Rajkot(16) EA

Rampar P, C(10+) H(10+), MCW(5-10),

PHC(5-10)

W, O PO(<5), PH(<5) BS, RS(10+) MR Rajkot(25) EA

Rampara

Beti

P(3),C(10+) H(10+),

MCW(5-10),PHC(5-10)

HP,W PO(<5),PH(5-10) BS,RS(10+) PR Rajkot(24) EA

Doshalighu

na

P, C(10+) H(10+), MCW(<5),

PHC(<5)

HP, W PO(<5), PH(<5) BS, RS(10+) PR Rajkot(25) EA

Loma

Kotadi

P, C(10+) H(10+), MCW(5-10),

PHC(5-10)

TW PO(5-10),

PH(5-10)

BS(<5),

RS(10+)

MR Rajkot(32) EA



Abbreviations:

Educational facility

P - Primary School

C - College

S - Higher Secondary School

Medical Facility

MCW - Maternity & Child Welfare Centre

PHC - Primary Health Centre

CHW - Common Health Worker

PHS - Primary Health Sub Center

FWC - Family Welfare Centre

H - Hospitals

Drinking Water

T - Tap Water

HP - Hand Pump

W - Well Water

TK - Tank water

C - Canal

O - Others

Post and Telegraph

PO - Post Office

PH - Telephone Connection

Transportation

BS - Bus Station

RS - Railway Station

Approach to Village

PR - Pucca Road

MR - Mud Road

Power Supply

EA - Electricity for all Purposes

ED - Electricity for domestic use

EAG - Electricity for agricultural use



Figure 3.6 Location of AAQM

Indicating AAQM stations

Project site



Figure 3.7 Wind Rose Diagram



Figure: 3.8 Water sampling Locations

Indicating Ground Water sampling location

Nr. Project site



Figure: 3.9 Locations of Noise monitoring station

Indicating Noise Monitoring location

Project site

NH 8B



Figure: 3.10 Locations of Soil sampling

Indicating Location of Soil sampling

Project site



Chapter-4

Anticipated Environmental Impacts &

Mitigation Measures

4.1 GENERAL

Environmental Impact can be defined as any change in environmental

conditions which may be adverse or beneficial, occurred due to action or

set of actions under consideration.

Environmental impact can be assessed by identifying the sources of the

impact and predicting the same. The identification of environmental

impacts has been made by co-relating the relationship between project

activity and environmental parameters. The activities of the proposed

project are usually divided into two phases - Construction Phase and

Operation Phase. The activities like excavation, erosion, building

construction, transportation of construction material, etc. are usually

considered in the construction phase; while in the operation phase, the

activities like transportation and storage of raw materials and finished

products, manufacturing process, resource consumption, emergency,

disaster and greenbelt development has been considered.

The next step is prediction of impacts, which is an important component

in environmental impact assessment process. Several techniques and

methodologies are present for predicting the impacts due to proposed

industrial development on physical, chemical, biological and socio-

economic components of environment. Such predictions delineate

contribution in existing baseline condition for the proposed project. The

additional impacts due to the proposed activities are analyzed keeping in

mind the baseline status. This helps to assess the assimilative capacity of

the environment and in turn the gravity of the impacts.

The third important component is evaluation of the environmental

assessment. Based on the identification and prediction of the nature of

impact on the environment, the impact can be evaluated qualitatively and

quantitatively.



4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENT ATTRIBUTES

There are various types of impacts arising due to the proposed activities

which will be evaluated considering the following environmental

parameters in construction and operational phase,

Impact on Topography

Impact on Air Environment

Impact on Water Environment

Impact on Noise Environment

Impact on Land Environment (Hazardous/solid waste generation)

Impact on Biological Environment

Impact on Socio-Economic Environment

Impact on Occupational Health & safety

4.3 IMPACT ON TOPOGRAPHY

Project activities include excavation of soil in the plant area and

construction of shed and storage facilities. The area of the proposed plant

is flat terrain. During construction, excavated soil will be restored to its

original shape. Thus the impact during the construction is reversible, for

short term and insignificant. During the operation phase, no impact is

envisaged on the topography. Thus, topography will remain unchanged

after proposed set up of unit.

4.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT

a. Construction Phase impact & mitigation measures

Impact is likely to occur due to dusting & air borne particles of

construction material. Civil work will result in generation of dust particles

during the site preparation works like leveling, back filling etc. However,

the dust will not be expected to spread too far beyond the site boundary.

Water sprinkling will be done to suppress the dust. Vehicular movement

of construction material also has minor impacts on ambient air quality.

The impacts due the emission & dust would be restricted to the project

site and it will be of short term only. PPEs will be given to workers

working in dust generating areas. Impacts on the ambient air quality will

be temporary for short duration, reversible & restricted to small area

only. Hence, it can be concluded that, the impacts on air due to the

construction & erection activities will be minimum or negligible.



b. Operational phase impact & mitigation measures

The impacts on air quality from project depends on various factors like

design capacity, process technology, raw material, fuel to be used, air

pollution control measures, operation & maintenance. For the study of

impact assessment, all probable emissions are studied including

secondary & fugitive emissions. The sources & expected emission level

are described below:

4.4.1 Emission from Proposed Project

There will be no process emission from proposed activities. Flue gas

emission will be from stack attached to boiler due to combustion of fuel.

Agro waste/Agro briquettes will be used as fuel. Unit has proposed to

provide Cyclone as APCM to control air emission. Unit has proposed to

install D.G. set of 125 kVA. HSD will be used as fuel. It will be operated

only in case of power failure/non-availability of power supply. Emitted

flue gas pollutants will be SPM, SO2 and NOx.

Adequate stack height will be provided to control & disperse the air

pollutants within the satisfactory levels. Estimated emission levels are

tabulated in Table 4.1.

Prediction of change in GLC of pollutants emitted from the above stacks is

the most efficient tool to assess the impacts of emission which has been

carried out using ISCST-3 model of USEPA.

Fugitive Emission

In proposed activities, there will be chances of VOCs generation from

process area. There will be also chances of generation of PM from

packing/finishing area. To control fugitive emission, following steps will

be implemented in the proposed unit:



Raw material will be stored in the covered structure.

Regular maintenance of valves, pipes etc.

Regular monitoring of fugitive concentration in work area.


emission.



4.4.2 Dispersion Modeling of Emissions from the plant

In order to predict the impact of air pollutants on ambient air quality,

ISCST3 model (Industrial Source Complex – Short Term (ISCST3)

dispersion model) of United State Environmental Protection Agency

(USEPA) and considering guidelines stipulated by CPCB for air pollution

dispersion modeling. The objective of dispersion modeling is to predict

the ground level concentration during the operation of proposed activities

and its impact on ambient air quality of the area. Mathematical model

used for predictions of impact includes steady state Gaussian Plume

Dispersion model designed for multiple point sources.

The key emitted pollutants will be Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM),

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxide (NOx).

4.4.3 Air Quality Modeling and Predictions using the Gaussian Model

The impact on air quality due to emissions from single source or group of

sources is evaluated by use of mathematical models. When air pollutants

are emitted into the atmosphere, they are immediately diffused into

surrounding atmosphere, transported and diluted due to winds. The air

quality models are designed to simulate these processes mathematically

and to relate emissions of primary pollutants to the resulting downwind

air quality. The inputs include emissions, meteorology and surrounding

topographic details to predict the impacts of conservative pollutants.

The impacts of air pollutants were predicted using Gaussian air dispersion

model, which is selected on the basis of existence of multiple point

sources within the industrial complex and the plain terrain at the project

site. The Gaussian air dispersion model has been developed to simulate

the effect of emissions from point sources on air quality. Gaussian model

is extensively used for predicting the Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs)

of conservative pollutants from point, area and volume sources. The

impacts of primary air pollutants are predicted using this air quality

model keeping in view the plain terrain at the project site. The

micrometeorological data monitored at project site during study period

have been used in this model. The Gaussian model provides estimates of

pollutant concentrations at various receptor locations. It is, an hour-by-

hour steady state Gaussian model which takes into account the following:



Terrain adjustments

Stack-tip downwash

Gradual plume rise

Buoyancy-induced dispersion, and

Complex terrain treatment and consideration of partial reflection

Plume reflection off elevated terrain

Building down wash

Partial penetration of elevated inversions is accounted for Hourly

source emission rates, exit velocity and stack gas temperature

Gaussian air dispersion models were used to estimate the ambient air

quality levels at the different monitoring stations due to stack emissions.

Only two stability conditions based on the meteorology aspects were used

to calculate the theoretical maximum ground level concentration.

Comparing the actual data and data generated from mathematical

modeling, it highlights that the stability condition E & A-B were

predominant in the region. Using the estimated stack emission data and

wind speed directions, a mathematical model was prepared to establish

the ground level concentration in the region.

4.4.4 Micrometeorology

The hourly wind speed, solar insolation & total cloudiness during day time

and wind speed & total cloudiness during night time were used to

determine the hourly atmospheric stability classes (defined by Pasquill

and Gifford as A to F, A being most unstable and F being most stable).

The hourly stability classes were determined based on the technique

suggested by Turner. Turner’s system used for determining the stability

classes is as follows:

- For day or night: If total cloud cover (TC) = 10/10 and ceiling

<7000 ft (2134 m), NR=0

- For night-time (defined as period from one hour before sunset to

one hour after sunrise):

a) If TC<4/10, use NR = -2

b) If TC>4/10, use NR = -1

- For daytime: determine isolation class number (IN)

a) If TC<5/10, use NR=IN



b) If TC>5/10, modify IN by the sum of the following applicable

criteria

If ceiling<7000 ft (2134 m), modification = -2

If ceiling>7000 ft but <16000 ft (4877 m), modification = -1

- If TC=10/10 and ceiling>7000 ft, modification = -1, and let

modified value of IN=NR, except for day-time NR cannot be <+1.

During the study period, stability calculated based on above-mentioned

Turner method gives average stability as A-B class during Day time and E

class during Night time. Average micro meteorological data of Jan, 2017

to March, 2017 is used.

4.4.5 Details of Air Dispersion Model

This model uses a steady state, sector-averaged Gaussian plume

equation for application in complex terrain (i.e. terrain stack or release

height) and is run using stability classes developed by Pasquill and

Gifford. Following are the assumptions made while using the model:

- No dry and wet depletion of pollutants

- Receptors are on flat terrain

(a) Input data for air quality modeling

Stack emissions data have been used for prediction of short-term

incremental GLC values of PM, SO2 & NOx using one season

meteorological data collected at site during Jan, 2017 to March, 2017.

Input data is given in Table 4.1.

(b) Source Characteristics/Release Characteristics

Details of stack emissions are given in Table 4.1 & cumulative

concentrations at various locations are given as Table 4.2.

(c) Meteorological Parameters

Hourly meteorological data collected for the period of Jan, 2017 to

March, 2017 have been used for computing the meteorological

parameters.

(d) Dispersion Modeling Results

The 24-hourly average ground level concentration (GLC) values from

proposed project have been computed for PM, SO2 & NOx considering

topographical features around the proposed plant and applicable stability

classes. The maximum 24-hourly average GLC values for PM, SO2 & NOx



from proposed plants are given in Table 4.3 to Table 4.5.

Corresponding isopleths plotted are shown in Figure 4.1 to Figure 4.3.

4.4.6 Output of ISCST3 air model

Highest 24–hourly incremental GLC value for SPM, SO2 & NOx is 0.338

g/m3, 0.046 g/m3 & 0.110 g/m3 respectively. The point of maximum

concentration by unit would be 1.0 km from center of industry in S

direction.

With this marginal contribution due to the proposal of the project, the

levels of PM10, SO2 & NOx will remain well below the 24-hourly ambient

air quality standards for SO2 & NOx (80 g/m3), PM10 (100 g/m3), PM2.5

(60 g/m3) prescribed by CPCB. The 24-hourly average GLCs Values are

reported in Table 4.3 to Table 4.5. The operation of proposed plant is

not likely to cause any significant impact on the ambient air quality of the

study area. Baseline ambient air quality status in the study area indicates

that, all the pollutants (gaseous as well as particulates), PM, SO2 & NOx

are well within the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(NAAQS) for residential, rural and other areas.

4.4.7 Conclusion

The modeling study proved that the air emissions from the proposed

plant would not affect the ambient air quality of the region in any

significant manner. The ambient air quality around the proposed project

site will remain within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(NAAQS) given for residential area.

4.5 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT

a. Prediction of Impact during Construction phase

During construction activities, required quantity of water will be met from

water supply of estate developer. No disposal of construction waste

outside the plant and no leaching are anticipated. Thus the quality and

quantity of ground water will not have any adverse impact during

construction phase.

b. Prediction of Impact during Operational phase

Water requirement will be satisfied through water supply of estate

developer. Total water requirement will be 3.57 KLD. Water requirement

will be for Industrial, domestic & greenbelt purpose.



Unit has proposed ground water recharging sump at low lying area which

will be connected to the storm water drainage system to recharge the

rainy water. Thus, there will be no any major impact on the water

environment due to proposed activities. There will not be any industrial

wastewater discharge as the generated effluent will be evaporated in

kettle type evaporator after primary treatment to achieve zero discharge.

Domestic effluent will be discharged to soak pit followed by septic tank.

4.6 IMPACT ON NOISE LEVEL

Any unwanted sound that creates disturbance in hearing is termed as

Noise. Hence, it is important to assess the present noise quality of the

area in order to predict the potential impact of future noise levels due to

the proposed project.

a. Prediction of impact during construction phase

Impacts on noise level of the area will occur due to the noise generation

from construction equipments, machineries, mechanical works as well as

some impact due to transportation. The impacts of the transportation on

noise environment would be insignificant. The impacts of noise during the

construction would be restricted to the construction site only and will be

temporary, limited to the construction phase. Ear muff/ear plug will be

provided to the workers. Regular maintenance & lubrication of

construction equipment & machineries will be undertaken to reduce the

noise generation. Thus, it is envisaged that the impacts on noise during

the construction phase would be insignificant after mitigation measure.

b. Prediction of Impact during Operational Phase

The main sources of noise within the plants will be operation of boiler,

D.G. Set, cooling systems & other machineries, process plant,

transportation facility. Suitable noise control system will be provided to

ensure that noise does not exceed the limit. The noise level shall,

however, exceed the above limits for a short period during start-up of

equipments. Other sources of noise are the movement of vehicles along

the road. However, proper noise preventive measures like ear plugs,

dampers to the boilers, efficient silencers to the vehicles, etc.

It can be concluded that, the impact on noise environment will be long

term but insignificant.



4.7 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

a. Construction Phase Impact & mitigation measures

As this is a new project, construction activities will be carried out. There

will also be installation of new machineries and equipments, but all this

would not make a huge damage to the present condition of land. Further

the area of the plant is flat. Leveling would not be required. Thus,

topography will also remain unchanged after execution of the proposal.

Thus, the impact on the land/soil during the construction will for short

terms and insignificant.

b. Operational Phase impact (Solid/Hazardous Waste)

During the operation phase, impacts on land would occur due to the

contamination by solid/hazardous wastes. The hazardous wastes are the

major source of impacts on land. The details of the hazardous waste

generation are described below.

Details of Hazardous/Solid Wastes

a) ETP Sludge & Evaporation salt – 0.25 MT/month

b) Used Oil – 0.1 KL/year

c) Discarded containers/ liners – 500 nos./month & 50 kg/month

Hazardous waste will be collected and stored, disposed as per the

guidelines. ETP sludge & evaporation salt will be disposed at approved

TSDF site, used oil will be reused within premises or sold to registered

recyclers whereas discarded containers/ liners will be used for packing of

ETP sludge. In case of excess; it will be sold to approve recyclers.

Entire quantity of the hazardous waste will be stored in isolated

hazardous waste storage area within premises having leachate collection

system and roof cover. Thus, after taking adequate steps for the

hazardous waste storage, there will be minor impact on the environment

due to proposed project activities.

4.8 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

This is a Greenfield project; hence minor cutting of trees/shrubs will be

done to clean the area. However, it will be balanced by developing

greenbelt within premises and along the roads. Various trees, shrubs and

herbs are found in and around it, a list of which is given in baseline. None

of the plants are in the list of endangered plant species. Also, the trees



are identified for their sensitivity & pollution tolerance capacity. This

concept helps to plan the greenbelt of the area making it less polluted

and a pollution absorber.

Following is the list of trees from the identified species which are helpful

as pollution absorber and at the same time pollution sensitive.

Family Name Botanical

Name

Common

Name

Sensitive Tolerant

Anacardiaceae Mangifera

indica

Mango Cement dust,

Coal dust, SO2

Dust collector

Anonaceae Polyalthia longifolia

Asopalav SO2 Dust collector

Caesalpiniaceae Cassia fistula Garmalo Cement dust,

Poor Dust collector, SO2

N.A

Delonix regia Gulmohar SO2, Fly ash, Cement dust

N.A

Meliaceae Azadirachta

indica

Neem Cement dust SO2

Moraceae Ficus

benghalensis

Banyan

tree

N.A Dust collector

The high Stomatal Index of Azadirachta indica makes them susceptible to

SO2. However, SO2 emissions from the industry will within limits. Hence,

no major adverse impact is expected on these plants with the increased

emissions. Thus, considering the present situation of the ecology in the

area, it is envisaged that there will not be any adverse impacts on

ecology but the greenbelt developed in the premises of proposed project

will have significant beneficial impacts on ecology.

4.9 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The proposed project is of small scale, no rehabilitation and resettlement

will be involved. The operation of plant will require educated and trained

manpower. The surrounding area has got good educational facilities. The

operation of the plant requires total workforce of 12 persons. So it will

boost up the commercial and economical status of the locality to some

extent. Thus, overall impacts on socio-economic environment due to the

existence of plant are long term and positive in nature.

4.10 IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

a. Construction Phase Impacts & mitigation measures

In the Construction phase, some effects on occupational health & safety

of the employees working in the site are envisaged. Major health issues



encountered will be physical hazards & accidental Hazard. All plans and

construction schedule will be followed as per relevant laws approved by

competent authority, so as to minimize the occupational health hazards.

Sr.

No.

Environmental

Attribute

Mitigation Measures

1 Safety & Health Necessary PPEs like helmets, ear plug/ear muff,

safety shoes, goggles etc. will be provided to

workers.

Incident/accident reporting system will be

developed and all the employees will be made

aware for the same.

Periodic inspection & testing of equipments &

machineries will be done.

b. Operational Phase Impacts & mitigation measures

In operational phase, various effects on occupational health and safety of

the employees working in the plant are envisaged. Major health and

safety issues encountered will be physical hazards, respiratory hazards,

electrical hazards, noise, fire hazards associated while working within the

plant. Preventive safety measures shall be taken to minimize the risk of

accident with respect to chemical handling.

Sr.

No.

Environmental

Attribute

Mitigation Measures

1 Safety & Health Emergency preparedness plan should be

implemented.

First aid/other emergency treatment should be

provided.

Workers shall be well equipped with personal

protective equipments. Only authorized persons will

be allowed inside the plant.

A health monitoring program shall be in place to

monitor the health of the persons working on the

site to ensure the health status of all concerned.

Fire hydrant system, fire extinguishers will be

installed at different locations within premises.

Sign boards will be displayed at designated locations

indicating appropriate hazard warnings.

Good house-keeping will be ensured within the

factory premises.



Table 4.1

Input data for air quality modeling

Sr.

No.

Stack

attached to

Stack

Height

(m)

Temp.

(0c)

Velocity

(m/s)

Dia.

(m)

Concentration

SPM

mg/Nm3

SO2

mg/Nm3

NOx

mg/Nm3

1 Boiler 16 170 10.0 0.225 115 10 30

2 D.G. Set

(125 KVA)

11 185 12.0 0.150 85 25 35



Table 4.2

Cumulative concentrations at various locations

Station Direction Dist.

(Km)

Baseline

Concentration

(g/m3)

Predicted GLC

(g/m3)

Cumulative

Concentration

(g/m3)

PM SO2 NOx PM SO2 NOx PM SO2 NOx

Project Site

(A1)

-- 00 61.7 14.1 16.6 0.04 0.006 0.015 61.74 14.106 16.615

Bamanbore

(A2)

NE-UW 2.0 60.3 16.7 20.6 0.08 0.012 0.025 60.38 16.712 20.625

Gundala (A3) N-UW 3.1 60.1 14.1 17.9 00 00 00 60.10 14.100 17.900

Jivapar (A4) WNW-UW 3.76 65.7 14.7 17.0 0.02 0.002 0.005 65.72 14.702 17.005

Loma Kotadi

(A5)

SSW-DW 4.87 61.0 15.2 16.3 0.02 0.002 0.001 61.02 15.202 16.301

Rampara Beti

(A6)

SW-DW 3.58 62.9 13.8 15.1 0.08 0.012 0.025 62.98 13.812 15.125



Table 4.3

The Maximum 24 Hourly Average Concentration Values for SPM

RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE

1 0.338 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 26 0.142 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

2 0.231 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 27 0.137 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

3 0.230 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 28 0.136 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

4 0.217 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 29 0.133 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

5 0.208 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 30 0.132 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

6 0.204 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 31 0.130 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

7 0.201 ( -1000.00, .00) GC 32 0.129 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

8 0.195 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 33 0.125 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

9 0.193 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 34 0.122 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

10 0.193 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 35 0.121 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

11 0.191 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 36 0.121 ( .00, -3000.00) GC

12 0.181 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 37 0.118 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

13 0.179 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 38 0.117 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

14 0.177 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 39 0.116 ( -2000.00, .00) GC

15 0.177 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 40 0.115 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

16 0.173 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 41 0.112 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC

17 0.170 ( -1000.00, .00) GC 42 0.111 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

18 0.165 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 43 0.111 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

19 0.160 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 44 0.109 ( -2000.00, 2000.00) GC

20 0.149 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 45 0.108 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

21 0.148 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 46 0.107 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

22 0.145 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 47 0.107 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

23 0.145 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 48 0.106 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

24 0.143 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 49 0.106 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

25 0.143 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 50 0.106 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

Note: Receptor Types: GC = Grid cart, Concentration in µg/m3



Table 4.4

The Maximum 24 Hourly Average Concentration Values for SO2


1 0.046 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 26 0.019 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

2 0.031 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 27 0.019 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

3 0.031 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 28 0.018 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

4 0.030 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 29 0.018 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

5 0.028 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 30 0.018 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

6 0.028 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 31 0.018 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

7 0.027 ( -1000.00, .00) GC 32 0.017 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

8 0.026 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 33 0.017 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

9 0.026 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 34 0.016 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

10 0.026 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 35 0.016 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

11 0.025 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 36 0.016 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

12 0.024 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 37 0.016 ( .00, -3000.00) GC

13 0.024 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 38 0.015 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

14 0.024 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 39 0.015 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC

15 0.024 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 40 0.015 ( -2000.00, .00) GC

16 0.024 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 41 0.015 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

17 0.023 ( -1000.00, .00) GC 42 0.015 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

18 0.022 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 43 0.015 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

19 0.021 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 44 0.015 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

20 0.020 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 45 0.015 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

21 0.020 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 46 0.015 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

22 0.020 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 47 0.014 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

23 0.020 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 48 0.014 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

24 0.020 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 49 0.014 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

25 0.019 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 50 0.014 ( 1000.00, .00) GC




Table 4.5

The Maximum 24 Hourly Average Concentration Values for NOx


1 0.110 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 26 0.046 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

2 0.075 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 27 0.045 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

3 0.075 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 28 0.044 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

4 0.071 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 29 0.043 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

5 0.068 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 30 0.043 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

6 0.066 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 31 0.042 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

7 0.065 ( -1000.00, .00) GC 32 0.041 ( 1000.00, -1000.00) GC

8 0.063 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 33 0.040 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

9 0.063 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 34 0.039 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

10 0.062 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 35 0.039 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

11 0.061 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 36 0.038 ( .00, -3000.00) GC

12 0.058 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 37 0.038 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

13 0.058 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 38 0.037 ( -2000.00, -2000.00) GC

14 0.058 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 39 0.037 ( -2000.00, .00) GC

15 0.057 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 40 0.037 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

16 0.057 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 41 0.037 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC

17 0.056 ( -1000.00, .00) GC 42 0.036 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

18 0.053 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 43 0.036 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

19 0.052 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC 44 0.035 ( .00, -1000.00) GC

20 0.049 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 45 0.035 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

21 0.048 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 46 0.035 ( 1000.00, .00) GC

22 0.047 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 47 0.035 ( -2000.00, 2000.00) GC

23 0.047 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 48 0.035 ( .00, -2000.00) GC

24 0.047 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 49 0.034 ( -1000.00, -1000.00) GC

25 0.047 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 50 0.034 ( 1000.00, .00) GC




Figure 4.1 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for SPM



Figure 4.2 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration Values for SO2



Figure 4.3 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for NOx



Chapter-5

Analysis of Alternatives

5.1 PROLOGUE

Alternative analysis is the process of analyzing the proposed locating for

suitability for basic necessities to operate the plant safely, this analysis

also covers the environmental aspect of pollution prevention and

improvement in quality of life nearby the project vicinity. The project

alternative is the course of action in pace of another, that would meet the

same purpose and need, but which would avoid or minimize negative

impacts and enhance project benefits.

Such projects may result in specific impacts which can be avoided or

mitigated by adherence to certain predetermined performance standards,

guidelines or design criteria. Alternative approaches may therefore be

more effective in integrating environmental and social concerns into the

project planning process.

5.2 SITE ALTERNATIVE

Specific site selection criteria for the proposed project are given below:

Availability of facilities like infrastructure, communication, medical

facilities, fuel, water, power, unskilled & skilled manpower, raw

materials etc.

There is no rehabilitation and resettlement involved.

Plant is very near to Highway. Hence transportation is easy.

No national park or wildlife habitat falls within 5 km radial distance

from proposed project site.

Based on the above reasons, this location is most suitable for the

proposed project and hence no other alternative site is selected.

5.3 PROCESS ALTERNATIVE

Proposed technology of production is currently best available technology

and no alteration currently with the unit.



Chapter-6

Environmental Monitoring Program

6.1 PRELUDE

Environment monitoring is the sampling and analysis tool to know the

environment conditions at particular time. The record of environmental

monitoring is most important as the environmental changes are slow in

nature and impact appears after many years. Environmental Monitoring is

the technical heart of assessment of environmental and social impacts

arising due to implementation of the proposed project. An equally

essential element of this process is to develop measures to eliminate,

offset or reduce impacts to acceptable levels during implementation and

operation of projects. The integration of such measures into project

implementation and operation is supported by clearly defining the

environmental requirements within an Environmental Management Plan.

M/s. Essentials Pharma is proposed to start manufacturing of bulk

drugs manufacturing with capacity of 6 MT/month at Plot No. 19, Survey

No. 10/1, Rajkot-Ahmedabad N.H. 8B, Village: Hirasar, Tal. & Dist.:

Rajkot, Gujarat. It has proposed adequate environmental monitoring

programme.

6.2 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM

The continuous monitoring of Environmental parameters like air, water,

noise, soil and performance of pollution control facilities and safety

measures in the plant are vital for proper Environmental management of

any industrial project. Therefore, the company shall create environmental

monitoring facilities by the environment and safety department to

monitor air and water pollutants as per the guideline of GPCB & CPCB.

Moreover, air and water shall be monitored by outside agencies

authorized by GPCB at regular frequencies. This department shall also

carry out periodical checkup of fire and safety equipments.

6.3 OBJECTIVE OF MONITORING PLAN

The basic objective of implementing a monitoring plan on a regular basis

is as follows:

To know the pollution status within the plant and its vicinity.



Generate data for corrective action in respect of pollution.

Correlate the production operations with emission and control

mechanism.

Examine the performance of pollution control system.

Assess the Environmental impacts.

Remedial measures and environment management plant to reverse

the impacts.

6.4 SCHEDULES FOR ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

The environmental monitoring will be scheduled on regular interval to

assess the conditions. The record of these monitoring will be compared

with the baseline study to know the changes in environmental conditions.

The post-project environmental monitoring suggested herewith should be

as per the following guideline. The highlights of the integrated

environmental monitoring plan are:

The stack monitoring facilities like ladder, platform and porthole at

all the stacks will be maintained in good condition.

Regular monitoring of all gaseous emissions from stacks/vents.

The performance of air pollution control equipment evaluated based

on these monitoring results.

Water consumption will be recorded daily.

As far as possible, noise curbed at its source, with the help of

acoustic hoods and other such noise reducing equipment. Regular

noise level monitoring will be carried out.

Greenbelt will be properly maintained and new plantation

programmes will be undertaken frequently.

Continuous environmental awareness programmes will be carried

out for the employees and also in the surrounding villages.

6.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Scheme for monitoring ambient air quality, stack emissions and fugitive

emissions are proposed. The ambient air quality monitoring systems are

recommended for monitoring the ground level concentrations and fugitive

emissions around the plant. Unit should install three monitoring stations

around its battery limit (at 1200 as per guideline) for monitoring PM, SO2



and NOx. The combined data will provide overall characteristic and

emission from the industry. For this, the following equipment is

recommended to be procured or can higher the services from

Environmental consultant by the project proponent for implementing the

above mentioned monitoring schemes:

Respirable Dust Sampler

Blower - 1.0-1.5 m3/min capacity with adapter for uniform suction

through filter and a properly calibrated manometer assembly for the

determination of flow rate through filter paper.

Rota meter - For gaseous sampling, calibrated Rota meter (0-5 LPM) for

maintaining flow rate should be provided.

Main housing - The main housing should be rectangular with a stand of

about 1.25 m height.

Besides this, stack emissions monitoring as per GPCB guidelines shall be

carried out.

Water Environment:

Entire quantity of wastewater will be collected and treated in ETP and

finally evaporated in kettle type evaporator. Hence there will not be any

wastewater discharge from the unit (zero discharge); however

wastewater is being analyzed at the outlet of ETP regularly.

Noise Environment:

Monitoring of noise levels is essential to assess the efficacy of

maintenance schedules undertaken to reduce noise levels and noise

protection measures. A good quality digital sound pressure level meter is

essential for this purpose.

Transportation:

All the necessary precaution will be taken while carrying out transport of

the materials as per the Hazardous rules of transportation, central Motor

Vehicle Act, 1988 & 1989. The vehicle for transportation of raw materials,

by-products and products will be parked at specified loading facilities

where there will be a provision of fire extinguishers.



Table: 6.1 Environment Monitoring Plan

Nature of Analysis Frequency of analysis with

its analyzer

Parameters

Wastewater analysis Monthly by external agency pH, TDS, SS, Oil &

Grease, etc.

Stack Monitoring of

each stack

Monthly by External agency PM, SO2, NOX

Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring

Monthly for 24 hours or as per

the statutory conditions by

external agency

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX

Noise Pollution Monthly as per the statutory

conditions by external agency

Nr. main gate,

Nr. boiler, plant area

Work area monitoring Monthly by external agency RPM, VOCs

Health checkup of

workers

As per the statutory guideline All workers



Table: 6.2 Budget for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Plan

Particulars No. of

location

Parameters Methodologies

Method of

Monitoring

Method of

Analysis

Stack Monitoring

of each stack

All stacks PM, SO2, NOx Stack

monitoring

kit

PM: IS 11255:

part-1: 1985

SO2: IS 11255:

part-2: 1985

NOx: IS 11255:

part-7: 2005

Ambient Air

Quality

Monitoring

3

locations

PM2.5, PM10,

SO2, NOx

RDS, Fine

particulate

sampler

PM2.5: IS 5182:

part-23: 2006

PM10: IS 5182:

part-23: 2006

SO2: IS 5182: part-

2: 2001

NOx: IS 5182:

part-6: 2006

Waste water

Analysis

1 sample pH, TDS, SS,

Oil & Grease,

etc.

-- APHA-AWWA 22nd

edition

Work zone

fugitive

monitoring

2 to 3

locations

Dust, VOCs Personal

sampler,

VOC

sampler

Gravimetric, GC

Noise Pollution 6 to 8

locations

Sound Level

Meter

Sound

Level Meter

Sound Level Meter

Budgetary provision for environment & safety management system has been

made in the project planning with Rs. 40.0 lakh as capital cost for EMS and Rs.

5.0 lakhs crore recurring cost per annum.



Chapter-7

Risk Assessment

7.1 INTRODUCTION

The risk assessment studies have been conducted for identification of

hazards, to calculate damage distances and to spell out risk mitigation

measures.

Essentials Pharma is a Greenfield project proposed to start Bulk drug

manufacturing unit at Plot No. 19, Survey No. 10/1, Rajkot-Ahmedabad

N.H. 8B, Village: Hirasar, Tal. & Dist.: Rajkot, Gujarat.

Scope of Study

The scope of work is to carry out risk analysis for the proposed plant

covering all the hazardous chemicals to be handled and stored at the

plant.

7.1.1 Study Objective

The objective of the risk analysis includes the following:

Identification of hazards

Selection of credible scenarios

Consequences Analysis of selected accidents scenarios

Risk Mitigation Measures

7.1.2 The Study Approach

The risk assessment study broadly comprised of the following steps:

System Description

Identification of Hazards

Selection of Credible Accident Scenarios

Consequence Analysis

Risk Mitigation Measures

7.1.3 System Description

This step comprised the compilation of the location, design and

operational information needed for the risk analysis.

7.1.4 Identification of Hazards

Hazards associated with the plant were identified. Summary of relevant

accident cases was reviewed.



7.1.5 Risk Reduction Measures

Based on hazard identification and consequence analysis, risk reduction

measures were suggested to reduce risk and enhance safety at the plant.

7.2 PROBABLE HAZARDS & RISK

Hazard identification and risk assessment is carried out through careful

study of plant process. Following this various scenarios by which an

accident can occur are then determined. Concurrent study of both

probability and the consequences of an accident are carried out and the

final risk assessment is made. Since chemical & fuel posses’ different kind

of hazard, both have been separately associated. The chemicals poses

more of Occupational Health Hazard, while fuel posses more of safety/

accidental hazards. Hazard & risk assessment has been carried out for

exposure to harmful dust/vapors, liquid pool evaporation or boiling and

leakage’s in confined space.

7.3 HAZARDOUS IDENTIFICATION

Hazard is defined as a chemical or physical conditions those have the

potential for causing damage to people, property or the environment.

This chapter describes hazards associated with the proposed plant.

Relevant accident cases involving release of hazardous materials are

discussed. The potential hazards at the plant after proposed activities are

enumerated below. Hazard identification is the first step in the risk

analysis and entails the process of collecting information on:

The types and quantities of hazardous substances stored and

handled,

The location of storage facilities,

Potential hazards associated with the spillage and release of

hazardous chemicals.

A preliminary hazard analysis is carried out initially to identify the major

hazards associated with storages and the processes of the plant. This is

followed by consequence analysis to quantify these hazards. Finally the

vulnerable zones are plotted for which risk reducing measures are

deduced and implemented. The major aspects are described below:



7.3.1 Hazardous Substances to be handled at Essentials Pharma

Unit will be engaged in handling and storage different Hazardous

Chemicals. Important characteristic of these hazardous materials are

described in details below:

Table 7.1

Summary of Hazardous Characteristics of Raw Materials

S.

No.

Material S. No. & Threshold Quantity (TQ in Kg) as per MSIHC Rules

Chemicals Hazards Potential Remarks

Sche-dule-

1,

Part-II

Sche-dule-

2,

Part-I

Sche-dule-

3,

Part-I

Hazards Toxic

1. NaOH

CAS No.:

1310-73-

2

571 - - FP-NA; BP-13880C

LEL-NA; UEL-NA

Incompatibilities

with Other

Materials: Highly

reactive with

metals. Reactive

with oxidizing

agents, reducing

agents, acids,

alkalis, moisture.

LD50-NA

LC50-NA

Very hazardous

in case of skin

contact

(corrosive,

irritant,

permeator), of

eye contact

(irritant,

corrosive), of

ingestion, of

inhalation.

2. Iodine

CAS No.:

7553-56-

2

323 - - FP-NA; BP-184.40C

LEL-NA; UEL-NA

Incompatibilities

with Other

Materials:

Oxidizing agents,

reducing agents,

metals.

LD50-

14000

mg/kg

Very hazardous

in case of skin

contact (irritant),

of eye contact

(irritant), of

ingestion, of

inhalation.

Hazardous in

case of skin

contact

(corrosive), of

eye contact

(corrosive).

Slightly

hazardous in

case of skin

contact

(permeator).

3. Potassium

Hydroxide

CAS No.:

1310-58-

3

522 - - FP-NA; BP-13840C

LEL-NA; UEL-NA

Incompatibilities

with Other

Materials: Highly

reactive with acids.

Reactive with

organic materials,

metals, moisture.

LD50-273

mg/l

LC50-80

mg/l 24

hours

[Mosquito

Fish].

Very hazardous

in case of skin

contact

(corrosive,

irritant), of eye

contact (irritant,

corrosive), of

ingestion, of

inhalation.

4. Methanol

CAS No.:

67-56-1

377 - - FP-12oC (closed

cup); BP-64.50C;

LEL-6%; UEL-

36.5%

Incompatibilities

LD50-

5628

mg/kg

LC50-

64000

Hazardous in

case of skin

contact (irritant),

of eye contact

(irritant), of



with Other

Materials:

Reactive with

oxidizing agents,

metals, acids.

mg/l

[Rat]

ingestion, of

inhalation.

Slightly

hazardous in

case of skin

contact

(permeator).

Severe over-

exposure can

result in death.

Note:

1. Oral Toxicity (OT) in LD50 (mg/kg)

2. Dermal Toxicity (DT) in LD50 (mg/kg)

3. Inhalation Toxicity in LC50 (mg/l) [4 hrs.]

7.4 QUANTITIES OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

As per Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules,

1989 and amendment subsequently, there will be few hazardous

chemicals, which have potential for creating risk to life and property in an

unlikely event of leakage or spillage followed by fire.

The hazardous chemicals are stored in the plant in drum or Carboys with

adequate care. Details of storage of hazardous materials are given below:

Storage of Hazardous Chemicals

Details of hazardous materials with its storage are given in Table 7.2.

Table 7.2: Details of Storage of Hazardous Chemicals

Sr.

No.

Name of Hazardous

Chemicals

Type Max. qty. to be

stored at a time (MT)

MOC

1 NaOH Solid 0.5 25 kg bags

2 Iodine Solid 0.1 20 kg HDPE drum

3 Potassium Hydroxide Solid 0.5 25 kg bags

4 Methanol Liquid 0.18 200 lit drums

7.5 HAZARDS DUE TO LEAKAGE OR CONTAINMENT

Since the proposed project is for manufacturing of bulk drug products,

various hazardous chemicals will be required to be handled.

Hazardous chemical to be handled and stored at the plant will be in liquid

and solid form. In the event of leakage or accidental release of these

chemicals, it will create only localized effects within the short distances

from fixed or spread pool in case of fire because storage in small

quantity. There will be a possibility of release of some hazardous



chemicals may form vapour cloud which can move towards wind direction

and may explode in the event of fire if mass and concentration of air and

vapour mixture is within the LEL and UEL limits. However, mass of vapour

and air mixture may not be adequate to generate explosive mass.

Storage and handling of hazardous chemical will not pose any hazardous

situation if these are handled or stored correctly with adequate safety

provisions and fire fighting facilities. Therefore, suitable safety measures

including fire fighting facilities will be provided at the plant to attend any

emergency due to accidental release of these hazardous chemicals.

Among the hazardous inventories, there are few potential toxic materials

that can form toxic vapour cloud in unlikely event of release.

7.6 MAXIMUM CREDIBLE ACCIDENT SCENARIOS

The plant will be dealing with some hazardous substances i.e. NaOH,

Iodine, Methanol are described in details. This is in the form of

liquid/solid. Subsequently, their consequence due to thermal radiation will

be confined within short distances. If released quantities are not ignited,

therefore, vapour formation can result in vapour and air mixture and may

generate explosive mass which can explode if it gets the source of

ignition. Toxic cloud of hazardous chemicals may also be formed and

moved towards wind direction.

7.6.1 Methodology for selection of accident scenarios

In this study, following steps are followed for scenario selection for risk

analysis study:

The hazardous materials to be handled at the plant and the

associated hazards have been identified and assessed.

Operating and storage conditions of handling and storage of

hazardous materials are studied.

An assessment is made of what inventories can get released

accidentally.

Release rates are calculated considering different cases. For further

analysis of selected release sources, representative failure modes

and failure sizes are identified.



Maximum Credible Accident Scenarios

Following maximum credible scenarios have been selected for

consequence analysis as a result of accidental releases:

Sr. No. Type of Release Outcome Cases Considered

1. Release of Solvent Formation of pool and thermal

radiation due to fire

Vapour cloud explosion

Dispersion of toxic cloud of vapours

7.6.2 Consequence Analysis

In consequence calculation, use is made of a number of calculation

models to estimate the physical effects of an accident (spill of hazardous

material) and to predict the damage (lethality, injury, material

destruction, and other property damage). The risk assessment modelling

can be roughly divided into three groups:

Determination of source strength parameters;

Determination of consequential effects;

Determination of damage or damage distances (with specific severity

rates)

Consequence analysis has been carried for the selected accident

scenarios to estimate the vulnerable zones. When the vulnerable zones

are identified for failure cases, mitigation measures can be taken for risk

mitigation and to eliminate/avoid damage to the plant and injury to

personal.

Both the chemicals are stored in factory premises with very less quantity

will store in drums.

7.7 METHODOLOGY, APPROACH AND DAMAGE CRITERIA FOR RISK

ASSESSMENT

Consequence analysis is that part of risk analysis, which considers

individual failure cases and the damage, caused by each failure case. It is

done to predict the outcome of potentially serious hazardous accidents to

man and material in and around the plant boundary limits. The

advantages of carrying out consequence analysis are given below:

To improve plant layout

To meet statutory requirements



Protection of public in the nearby areas (no residential/inhabited

nearby)

Disaster management planning

Training tool

The findings of a consequence analysis provide information about

hazardous effects resulting from an accident scenario

In addition, methods for dealing with possible catastrophic events are

also provided

7.7.1 Hazards Evaluation: Exposure due to Vapors

Leakage in process plant from failure of nozzles, joints (flange joint),

welding failures or dripping from non-holding valves/glands at times goes

unnoticed. If the leaky dust or fluids being toxic and odorless it is a

potential source of risk, which may cause fatal/serious hazards.

Liquids with high saturation vapor pressures evaporate faster because the

evaporation rate (mass/time) is essentially proportional to the saturation

vapor pressure. In the case of vaporization into stagnant air, the

vaporization rate is proportional to the difference between the saturation

vapor pressure and the partial pressure in the stagnant air.

7.7.2 Damage Criteria

In order to appreciate the extent of damage produced by various accident

scenarios, it is appropriate to discuss the physiological/physical effects of

thermal radiation intensities due to spillage causing subsequent fire. The

thermal radiation usually results in burn on the human body and damage

to plantation. Furthermore, inanimate objects like equipment, piping,

cables, etc. may be affected and may aggravate the situation further.

Consequence analysis has been carried out for selected failure cases. It

quantifies vulnerable zones for a likely incident and once the vulnerable

zone is identified for an incident, measures are proposed to eliminate

damage to plant and potential injury to personnel.

7.7.3 Risk Reduction Measures

For risk mitigation/reduction, attempts should be made either to reduce

inventories that could get released in the event of loss of containment or

failure likelihoods or both as feasible. Risk analysis identifies the major

risk contributors, which enables prioritization of the plant that deserve



special attention in terms of inspection and maintenance in particular and

over all safety management as a whole.

For the risk reduction at the plant, the following salient suggestions and

recommendations are made:

Personnel at the proposed plant and public in surrounding area should

be made aware about the hazardous substance stored at the plant and

risk associated with them.

A written process safety information document should be compiled for

general use.

The document compilation should include an assessment of the

hazards presented including (i) toxicity information (ii) permissible

exposure limits. (iii) Physical data (iv) thermal and chemical stability

data (v) reactivity data (vi) corrosivity data (vii) information on

process and mechanical design.

The process design information in the process safety information

compilation must include P&IDs/ PFDs; process chemistry; maximum

intended inventory; acceptable upper and lower limits, pressures,

flows and compositions and process design and energy balances.

The adequate numbers of heat and smoke detectors should be

provided at strategic locations in the plant and indication of

detectors/sensors should be provided in main control room.

Predictive and preventive maintenance schedule should be prepared

for equipment, piping, etc. and thickness survey should be done

periodically as per standard practices.

A written procedure (Management of Change) must be developed to

manage changes to process chemicals, technology, equipment and

procedures that affect a covered process.

Safe work practices should be developed to provide for the control of

hazards during operation and maintenance such as: (i) lockout/tag out

(ii) Confined space entry (iii) Opening process equipment or piping (iv)

control over entrance into a facility by maintenance, contractor,

laboratory, or other support personnel.

Personnel engaged in handling of hazardous chemicals should be

trained to respond in an unlikely event of emergencies.



The plant should check and ensure that all instruments provided in the

plant are in good condition and documented.

Safety measures in the form of “Do” and “Don’t do” should be

displayed at strategic locations especially in local language and

English.

Regular mock drills should be carried out once in every 3 months and

shortcomings should be recorded and rectified. Records should be

maintained for the response of Mock drills and corrective actions

should listed and taken accordingly.

7.7.4 Personnel Protective Equipment (PPEs)

The required PPEs for each area/operation should be identified and the

necessary PPEs, like, helmets, goggles, hand gloves, mask, safety

belts, ear muff and plug, etc. should be made available to the

personnel.

The workers should be trained in proper use of PPEs.

The system should exist for replacement/issue of PPEs by testing and

as per requirement.

Lockers should be provided to the workers for safe custody and

storage of PPEs.

7.7.5 Handling of Hazards

Personal protective equipment used by the person during handling of

hazardous chemicals, should be replaced after certain time.

Any spillage of hazardous chemicals should be cleaned and disposed

off as per standard practice.

Empty drums of hazardous chemicals should be neutralized

immediately.

Personnel engaged in handling of hazardous chemicals should be made

aware of properties of hazardous chemicals.

7.8 GENERAL WORKING CONDITIONS

(a) House Keeping

All the passages, floors and stairways should be maintained in good

condition. The system should be available to deal with any spillage of

dry or liquid chemical at the plant.



Sufficient disposable bins should be clearly marked and these should

be suitably located in the plant.

Walkways should be clearly marked and free from obstructions.

In the plant, precaution and instructions should be displayed at

strategic locations.

Roads/walkway within the plant should be maintained neat and clean.

(b) Ventilation

Adequate ventilation should be provided in the work floor

environment.

The work environment should be assessed and monitored regularly.

Local ventilation is most effective method for controlling dust and

gaseous emissions at work floor.

7.9 SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES

Safe operating procedures should be available for mostly all

operations and equipment.

The workers should be informed of the consequences of failure to

observe the safe operating procedures.

7.9.1 Work Permit System

Work permit system should be followed at the plant. Hazardous work

permit should be used for hot work, electrical works, etc.

7.9.2 Emergency Preparedness

On-site emergency plan should be prepared and readily available for

an unlikely event of emergency.

Emergency telephone numbers should be available and display

properly strategic locations.

7.9.3 Static Electricity

All equipment and storage containers/drums of flammable chemicals

should be bounded and earthed.

Electrical resistance for earthing circuits should be maintained.

Periodic inspections should be done for earth pit and record should be

maintained.

7.9.4 Access

Adequate safe access should be provided to all places where workers

need to work and all such access should be in good condition.



7.9.5 Material Handling

Material handling areas should be clearly defined.

The workers should be made aware about the hazards associated with

manual material handling.

7.9.6 Communication System

Adequate communication facilities should be available at the plant

and supported with uninterrupted power supply.

Communication facilities should be checked periodically for its proper

functioning.

7.9.7 First Aid Facilities

First aid box should be provided at strategic locations within the

plant.

At least one stature should be available in first aid room.

List of important telephone numbers should be displayed in first aid

room.

7.9.8 Accident Reporting, Investigation and Analysis

A system should be initiated for accident and near miss reporting,

investigation and analysis. To motivate and awareness among the

personnel at the plant about safety, total accident (lost time injury) free

days can be displayed on the board prominently at strategic location.

7.9.9 Safety Inspections

The system should be initiated for checklist based routine safety

inspection and internal audit of the plant periodically. Safety inspection

team should be formed from various disciplines and departments.

7.9.10 Safe Operating Procedures

Safe operating procedures should be formulated and updated, specific to

process & equipment and distributed to concerned plant personnel.

7.10 TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Spills of hazardous materials, including oil, are the result of a

combination of actions and circumstances, all of which contribute in

varying degrees to the outcome. Most spills from tankers result from

routine operations such as loading, discharging and bunkering, which

normally occur in ports, road etc; however, the majority of these spills



are small. Accidental causes such as groundings and collisions generally

give rise to much larger spills.

Guidelines Principle

Ensure that their operations, where applicable, are in compliance with:

Recommendations on the Transport of dangerous Goods;

Implement guidance for the prevention and consequence minimization

of catastrophic releases of hazardous materials, which may result in

toxic, fire, explosion, or other hazards during transportation.

Prepare a Hazardous Material Transportation Plan for transport

hazardous materials;

Information on the hazards and control measures at the time of

emergency is vital for minimizing the effect of such accidents hence it

shall be available with transporter. This module is intended to provide

the first-hand knowledge about the hazard information system.

Following information keeps ready with driver;

Hazardous information systems.

U.N. Classification for hazard and substance identification.

HAZCHEM.

Responsibilities of consignor.

Responsibilities of the transporter or owner of goods carriage;

Details with driver for report to police station about accident;

Correct extinguishing techniques for different type of fires.

Knowledge about initial isolation and proactive action distance.

7.11 TREATMENT OF WORKERS AFFECTED BY ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE

OF HAZ. CHEMICALS

NaOH:

Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15

minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes

while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Cover the irritated skin

with an emollient. Cold water may be used. Wash clothing before reuse.

Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately.

Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical

personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If



large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician

immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.

Inhalation: Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not

breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

Get medical attention immediately.

Iodine:

Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15

minutes. Cold water may be used. Warm water must be used. Get

medical attention immediately.

Skin: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes


with an emollient. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes

before reuse. Get medical attention immediately.

Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical

personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical

attention if symptoms appear.



Get medical attention.

Potassium Hydroxide:

Eyes: immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15

minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes




Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical

personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If

large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician

immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.



Get medical attention immediately.



Methanol:

Eyes: Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes

with running water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelids open. Cold

water may be used. Get medical attention.

Skin: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes




Ingestion: If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so

by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious

person. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get

medical attention immediately.



Get medical attention.

7.12 DO’S AND DON’TS FOR SAFE OPERATION

Do’s:

Use lubricating oil carefully to avoid spillage on ground.

Use minimum amount of water wherever it is required.

Waste disposal system for all plants should be separate.

Handling of chemicals should be as per plant guidelines to avoid

undesired chemical reaction.

Safety training and correct use of PPE’s must for all the employees.

Follow shift in charge’s instructions during loading or unloading of

chemicals.

In case of fire or any accident, immediately inform to responsible

person.

In case of emergency, inform operator as well as control room.

Switch off lights and computers when not in use.

Always follow safety rule during the plant operation.

Don’ts:

Do not wash or clean trolley, tractor or trucks which are used for

chemical/fertilizer’s transportation.



Smoking & carrying matchbox, cigarettes, lighter, bidis etc. are

prohibited.

Photography & carrying cameras/Mobile phones are strictly prohibited

in all areas.

Do not spill liquid or chemicals in open atmosphere.

Unauthorized entry into any battery limit of plant is strictly prohibited.

Sitting or walking on rail tracks, crossing between wagons, taking rest

under stabled wagons, crossing the rail through the openings

underneath the stationary wagons are strictly prohibited.

7.13 WAYS TO MINIMIZE THE MANUAL HANDLING OF THE HAZARDOUS

CHEMICALS

Forklifts will be used for unloading chemical bags, bags movements

within plant, etc.

Cranes, hoists, pallet trucks, conveyors, etc. shall be used as per the

requirement, to eliminate manual handling.

Lifting tools & tackles will be used, wherever required.

SOPs, work instructions will be prepared and followed.

Trainings will be provided to relevant staff, operators, workers for the risk

associated with manual handling of hazardous chemicals, ways to

overcome those risk, etc.

7.14 ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

7.14.1 General

The emergency is an undesirable occurrence of events of such magnitude

and nature that adversely affect business, cause loss of human lives and

property as well as damage to the environment. Industrial units are

vulnerable to various kinds of natural and man-made emergencies.

Examples of Natural disasters are flood, cyclone, earthquake, lightening

etc. and manmade disasters are major fire, explosion, sudden heavy

leakage of toxic/flammable gases, building collapse, human errors,

vehicle crash, sabotage, etc. It is impossible to forecast the time and

nature of emergency, which might strike the unit. In spite of the fact that

every industry is expected to take steps to assess, minimize and,

wherever feasible, eliminate risks, accidents may still occur. Risks can

only be minimized; it can never be totally eliminated. However, an



effective emergency plan helps to minimize the losses in terms of human

lives, plant assets and environmental damage and to resume the working

condition as soon as possible. In all these steps speed is the essence.

Controlling the emergency will require prompt action by the operating

staff, the staff of various agencies, emergency teams and the outsiders

when called for. Minimizing the effect on people may be achieved by

prompt communication, rescue, evacuation etc., if the situation so

warrant.

7.14.2 Statutory Requirement

The provisions for preparing the on-site emergency plan are explained

below:

The Factories Act, 1948:

Rules 68J(12), Schedule 8 A of the Gujarat Factories Rules 1963

(Amended 1995) providing that the every occupier, who has control of an

industrial activity pertaining to hazardous chemicals shall furnish the On-

Site Emergency Plan detailing how major accidents shall be dealt with

along with explaining specific responsibilities and actions by various

persons.

The Environment (Protection) Act-1986:

Rule 13(1) under the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous

Chemicals Rule 1989 (amended 1994), rules framed under The

Environment (protection) Act-1986, indicates that the occupier shall

prepare and keep up-to-date an on-site emergency plan containing

details specified in schedule II and detailing responsibilities and actions

by different person and agencies.

Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and

Response) Rule 1996.

Under these rules, framed under The Environment (Protection) Act-1986,

the state government has constituted a Local Crisis Group & District Crisis

Group to deal with major chemical accidents and to provide expert

guidance for handling chemical accidents. Further provision is made that

the Major Accident Hazard units have to prepare the on-site emergency

plan and submit the plan to the crisis groups. The local emergency plan

will dovetail with the District off-site emergency plan.



7.14.3 Preparedness of On–Site Emergency Plan

The On-site Emergency Plan describes planning, preparation and training

for on-site action in the event of emergency.

For On-Site Emergency Plan Advance planning and proper training of

each employee’s into the emergency function is very essential to make

emergency control measure more effective. It is not possible to eliminate

emergency but is definitely possible to control them. The scope of onsite

emergency plan is to prepare for activate the emergency time activities,

to controlled and contained within the shortest time if emergency arise

after failure of our pre-emergency control measures. Following stage

activities are consider for the purpose, as they are co-related and provide

better points for emergency preparedness.

7.14.4 Emergency Time Activities

It is not possible to include and discuss every action, which should be

taken first during emergency. It is also not possible to describe entire

actions on emergency situation. The basic principle of handling

emergency, that may be relied upon, who have the knowledge and

experience to assess the situation and give direction as per the objectives

as quickly as possible. However, the aim is to control the situation by

safest way in a limited time within existing available resources. Further, it

should be handle with such a care that minimum loss of life, property and

environment. In short, the objective of the plan should be successfully

complied with.

7.14.5 Sequential actions during emergency

7.14.5.1 Incident

There are possibilities of occurrences of various types of the accidents or

mishaps in the factory premises or around the factory. Most of the

occurrences will be of minor nature, while few occurrences may be of

major type. If the factory is fortunate enough, there may not be a single

incident or mishap during its lifespan. However, when any incident

occurs, it cannot be distinguished immediately whether it is minor or

major, the subsequent development, or gravity of situation, or

seriousness of such occurrence is required safe handling irrespective of

its nature, if it cannot be controlled. It should be general practice that



whenever any person notices the accident/fire/explosion/mishap at the

site, he should immediately shout “FIRE”, “FIRE” or “HELP”, “HELP” and

such message should reach to the Supervisor/Shift Officer/Senior Person

of the unit.

7.14.5.2 Responding Actions

The root cause of occurrence should be removed immediately if possible.

Similarly, if any incident takes place in the premises, using available

resources, within the factory as well as nearby, to their optimum, it

should be so responded that the incident is contained immediately before

spreading. If the incident looks severe and could not be controlled by

simple efforts, the Shift Officer or Senior Personnel should rush to the

place and make every effort to control the incident using various

resources at the site. Further, if the incident is uncontrollable even using

own resources, he should immediately call for additional helps form

outside resources such as Mutual Aiders, Fire Brigade, etc. He should act

the Incident Controller and immediately start the following actions:

Sound the siren or ring the emergency bell.

Take continuous responding actions with the use of other helps.

Call the higher authorities and Site Main Controller.

7.14.5.3 Site Crisis

On arrival, the Site Main Controller (Factory Manager) will take the

charge of Incident site. He will immediately assess the situation and

manage the Situation as site crisis. The incident can be said as on-site-

emergency.

Activate the emergency teams like fire team, first aid team,

communication.

Team, rescue team, essential workers, key personnel, etc.

Emergency control room will communicate the messages regarding

Prevailing situation to requisite authorities, outside resources,

agencies, neighbors, etc.

Non-essential person will rush to safe shelter and roll call will be

taken.

He will order to shut down the plant, if situation so warrants.



Now, if the situation is uncontrollable by the management of the unit,

he will immediately call for the local crisis group to handle the

situation.

7.14.5.4 Messages

While conveying the messages regarding the incident, the following

details should be incorporated.

Brief description of incident

Type of help required & direction

Chemical involved & Quantity

Action immediately taken

Development of the incident

7.14.5.5 Discipline

The plan assuming certain discipline at site during emergency, as follows;

Do not get panicky.

Do not approach the site of incident as a observer.

Do not engage telephone unnecessary.

Do not move about unnecessary.

Do not approach unnecessarily for information or more inquiry.

Arrange medical first aid care to the injured.

Do not allow unnecessary crowd nearby incident.

7.14.5.6 Emergency Actions

On receiving information, the Emergency Control Centre will activate

and urgently establish the contact with the required persons, agencies

and authorities.

The essential workers, responsible to carry out certain specific

functions, will have to start work immediately.

The non-essential workers should go to the assembly center.

The cordoning the incident area will be ensured.

The water should be sprayed on the flammable storage tank, even if

not caught under fire.

The experts for the responding to emergency situation will be

consulted, if required. vii. Authentic information for incident will be

provided to Press/Public by the authorized officer only.



Removal the flammable, dangerous material, cylinders, etc. should be

arranged along with isolation from fire.

The trapped personnel, if any, in incident will be rescued.

All assistance will be provided to the Fire Brigade to control spreading

of fire.

Any remotest possibility of re-ignition or explosion should be looked

into and controlled.

7.14.6 Shut Down Procedure

It is advisable to shut down the plant for safety, if situation so warrants.

The safe shut down procedure should be adopted during such

eventualities. First of all, main electrical supply should be cut-off/switch-

off. Similarly, the pipelines supplying flammable gas, liquid or chemicals

should be immediately shut-off by valves and should be isolated from the

process line. The water shower on flammable storage tank, if installed, to

be started to keep it in cool condition, if tank is in vicinity of fire. The

shutdown procedure should be laid down in the process manual, which

will be useful during such emergency.

7.14.7 Post Emergency Activities

Post emergency activities comprise of step taken after the emergency is

over. To Find out the reason of emergency after the investigation and

suggest the preventive measure. For the investigation different level

personnel from different dept, are selected and an investigation team is

formed. The following steps are taken after the emergency is over.

Collection of record

Conducting the investigation/inquiry committee with the suggestion

for preventive measure

Making the insurance claim and necessary procedure

Implementation of the recommendation of inquiry reports

Rehabilitation of the affected persons within the plant and outside the

plant. They are in continuous touch with the hospitalized person and

give status report of them to the top management.

Restart the plant if shut down happened



7.14.8 Training, rehearsal and records

7.14.8.1 Need of Training & Rehearsal

Extensive experience in the chemical industry with on-site emergency

planning has proved the need and value of rehearsal of emergency

procedures. When finalized, the major emergency procedure should be

set down in clear, concise terms and everyone on-site made aware of

them, particularly the key personnel and essential workers. They should

then be put to the test. This may best be done by arranging a series of

preliminary exercises to test certain system, including the alternative

arrangements in cases of failure. The speed of Mobilization of the factory

emergency teams, search & rescue and treatment of casualties,

emergency isolation and shut down procedures. These exercises will help

to define the procedures by identifying deficiencies and difficulties. At this

stage, more exercises that are elaborate can be planned to involve the

outside services who should be closely involved at the planning stage.

Each exercise should at various positions, e.g. At the scene, the

emergency control center, work entrance; assemble points or casualty

reception area. A following round-the-table discussion between

managers, senior officers of the emergency services, factory inspectorate

and observers will further assist to develop practical and effective

procedures. It is recommended that a major emergency exercises should

be conducted at regular intervals with arrangement with the outside

agencies. There is much practical advantage to be gained in situations

where people required working together in handling emergencies are

already known to each other. Close local liaison and combined exercises

are invaluable in this respect. At the same time, familiarization visits to

works especially of the fire service personnel, will help enormously to

acquaint with the works layout and the nature of potential hazards.

Emergency plans need to be tested when first devised and thereafter to

be rehearsed at suitable intervals. Their normal training and experience

in day-to-day operation will generally qualify individual personnel with

duties under the plans. Some duties, however, such as fire fighting for

the works fire team are not routine and special training will be needed. In

addition, key personnel will need training in their emergency roles both



individually and as a team. For the professional emergency services the

general training may be taken for granted.

Rehearsals or exercises are important for all personnel likely to be

involved in an incident on or off-site because, for example:

They familiarize on-site personnel with their roles, equipment and the

details of the plans.

They allow the professional emergency services to test their parts of

the plan and the co-ordination of all the different organizations. They

also familiarize them with the special hazards.

They prove the current accuracy of the details of the plan [phone no.,

etc.] and the availability of special equipment.

They give experience and build confidence in the team members. In

the initial shock and confusion of a real incident, ability to fall back on

established initial actions is invaluable.

Employers should ensure that the on-site emergency procedures for such

process plants, storage facility, etc. are tested regularly and that all

employees receive initial and refresher training. Exercises should be

arranged to test each part of the emergency plan on each plant, state by

state, starting with first immediate action. Emergency isolation and shut

down should be rehearsed from the emergency services, the emergency

planning officer [EPO] should be invited to attend on-site exercise, and

familiarization visits should be encouraged. The complete plan for each

site including both on-site and off-site components should be tested.

Many organizations now use tabletop exercises to test emergency plans.

These are very cost effective because they do not interrupt the day-to-

day running of the plant and because many events can be catered for in

one session. However, they are theoretical in nature and should be

communications and key personnel working from the locations they would

use in an emergency. It is, of course, essential that the exercises be

carefully prepared, the results analyzed and the lessons learned,

circulated and discussed. Full-scale practices involving all concerned that

all reasonably practicable measures have been taken. After each

rehearsal of practice, the plan should be reviewed to take account of any

shortcomings highlighted by the exercise. In addition, its effectiveness



should be reviewed every time it is used to with a real emergency. Fix

your periodicity to carry out table tope exercises and real rehearsal of

this on-site and off-site emergency plan, including mutual aid agencies

and mention here in this chapter.

7.15 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

A major accident, major emergency and disaster are defined. They may

affect areas outside the works. Explosions can scatter debris over wide

areas, the effects of blast can cover considerable distances wild can

spread burning brands of toxic gases. In some cases, e.g., as the result

of an explosion, outside damage will be immediate and part of the

available resources of the Emergency Services may need to be developed

in the affected area. In any event, the possibility of further damage any

remain, e.g., as the result of further explosion or by the effect of wind

spreading burning brands of hazardous materials.

Perhaps the most significant risk to outside areas is that associated with

a large release of toxic vapors. Management will usually need expert

advice in drawing up plans so that if such a release occurs, they will be

able to collaborate with Emergency services to estimate as far as

practicable which downwind areas are at the risk. It may be necessary to

prepare in advance simple charts or tables relating the likely spread of

the vapor cloud taking into account its expected buoyancy, the local

topography and all possible conditions during the time of release. It may

also be desirable to install instruments indicating wind speed and

direction. Advice on all these matters can be obtained from the

Meteorological office. The fact of the major emergency and the spread or

potential spread of its effects outside the work may require that road and

rail traffic past the works has to be halted or diverted. The police, taking

account of the advice of the Site Main Controller. They will also, where

necessary, inform the Rail. The problem is usually exacerbated by

members of the public driving to the scene to view the situation. The net

effect can be cause problems to those who have a real need to get to the

works, including the key personnel who will have been called out. Liaison

at local level will help to devise a means whereby key personnel can



readily identify themselves to the police controllers. The use of a

windscreen sticker of other identify label may be advantageous.

All emergency plans should consider the possible effects of incidents on

the neighboring population and the remedial measures should be devised

in consultation with the local authority and emergency services. The off-

site emergency plan should be based on those events identified by the

manufacturer, which could affect people and the environment outside his

premises. The manufacturer should provide the necessary information on

the nature, extent and likely effects of such incidents. The plan should

cater in detail for those events identified as being the most likely but

should be sufficiently flexible to allow the remedial measures to be able

to be extended and increased to deal with extremely adverse

combinations of circumstances and consequences. The factory

inspectorate and the local authority should be satisfied that the

information provided is sufficiently detailed unambiguous and clearly

stated to be comprehensible and for the dangers to be provided. Several

different planned responses may be necessary at a single site depending

on the size and characteristics of the incidents.

Thus in brief the two main purposes of the off-site emergency plant are:

To provide the local/district authorities, police, fire brigade, doctors,

surrounding industries and the public the basic information of risk and

environmental impact assessment and to appraise them of the

consequences and the protection/ prevention measures and control

plans and to seek their help to communicate with the public in case of

a major emergency. This information from every industry enable the

District Authorities to educate the public that what can go wrong the

measures taken to train them of their individual role in case of

emergency, and

To assist the District Authorities for preparing the off-site emergency

(Contingent) plan for the district or particular area and organize

rehearsals from time to time and initiate corrective action bases on the

lessons learnt.

In charge of the on-site Emergency plan of the Site Main Controller will

keep liaison, for this purpose, with the District Authorities.



7.15.1 Role of the Factory Management

The on-site and off-site plans should dovetail so that the emergency

services are summoned at the appropriate time and are provided with

accurate information and a correct assessment of the situation. The

responsibility for this should be with the Site Main Controller. The site

main controller will provide a copy of this on-site and off-site emergency

plans to the District Authorities, the factory inspectorate and the

emergency services so that from information from the various annexure,

such authorities will make their emergency preparedness to formulate

and execute the District/Area off-site Emergency Plan. On their advice,

necessary modifications may also be made to make the plan more

perfected.

7.15.2 Role of the Emergency Co-ordination Office (ECO)

The various emergency services will be co-coordinated by an emergency

co-coordinating officer (ECO) who is likely to be a senior police office, but

depending on the circumstances, could be a senior fire officer. The ECO

will liaise closely with the Site main controller. Again, depending on local

arrangements, for every severe incident with major or prolonged off-site

consequences, the external control may pass to a senior local authority

administrator or even an administrator appointed by the central or state

government. The emergency control Center of the factory or/and any

other control centers may be utilized by the ECO to keep liaison with the

site main controller.

7.15.3 Role of the Local Authority

Generally, the duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local

authorities. They may have appointed an emergency planning officer

(EPO) to carry out this duty as part of the EPO’s role in preparing for a

whole range of different emergencies within the local authority area. The

EPO will need to liaise with the works to obtain the information to provide

the basis for the plan. This liaison will need to be maintained to ensure

that the plan is continually kept up to date. It will be the responsibility of

the EPO to ensure that all those organizations, which will be involved off-

site in handling the emergency, know of their role and are able to accept

it by having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to



cover their particular responsibilities. Rehearsals for off-site plans are

important for the same reasons, as on-site plans will need to be

organized by the EPO. It will be the duty of the local authority to inform

public, road/rail traffic, news media, etc., while operating off0site plan. It

will also announce public protection measures; termination public

awareness system will be developed. The ILO suggestion of separation

distances is useful for planning (Proposed development) by the local

authorities.

7.15.4 Role of the Fire Authorities

The control of a fire is normally the responsibility of the senior fire

brigade officer who would take over the handling of the fire from the

incident controller on arrival at the site. The senior fire Brigade Officer

may also have a similar responsibility for other events, such as

explosions and toxic releases. Fire authorities having major hazards

works in their area should have familiarized themselves with the location

on site of all stores of flammable materials, water and foam supply points

and fire-fighting equipment. They may well have been involved in on-site

emergency rehearsals both as participants and, on occasion, as observers

of exercises involving only site personnel.

7.15.5 Role of the Police and Evacuation Authorities

The police normally assume the overall control of an emergency, with a

senior officer designated as emergency co-coordinating officer. Formal

duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life and

property and controlling traffic movements. The functions include

controlling by standers, evacuating the public, identifying the dead and

dealing with casualties, and informing relatives of dead or injured. There

may be separate authorities, agencies to carry out evacuation and

transportation work.

For evacuation, the following criteria are useful:

An early decision will be required in many cases on the advice to be given

to people living within range of the accident in particular whether they

should be evacuated or told to go indoors. In the later case, the decision

can regularly be reviewed in the event of an escalation of the incident.

Consideration of evacuation may include the following factors:



In case of major fire but without explosion risk (e.g. on oil storage tank),

only houses close to the fire are likely to need evacuation. Although a

severe smoke hazard may require this to be reviewed periodically.

If a fire is escalating and in turn threatening a store of hazardous

material, if might be necessary to evacuate people nearby, but only if

there is time; if insufficient time exists, people should be advised to stay

indoors and shield themselves from the fire. This latter case particularly

applies if the installation at risk could produce a fireball with very severe

thermal radiation. (e.g. LPG Storage). For releases or potential releases

of toxic materials, limited evacuation may be appropriate downwind if

there is time. The decision would depend party on the type of housing at

risk Conventional housing of solid construction with windows closed offers

substantial protection from the effects of a toxic cloud, while shanty

houses which can exist close to factories, particularly in developing

countries, offer little or no protection. The major difference between

releases of toxic gas is that toxic clouds are generally hazardous down

greater distances. Also a toxic cloud drifting at, say, 300 meters per

minute covers a large area or land very quickly. Any consideration of

evacuation must take this into account. The shelters for evacuated

persons and their welfare shall also be arranged.

7.15.6 Role of the Health Authorities

Health authorities, including doctors, surgeons, hospitals, ambulances

and so on, have a vital part to play following a major accident, and they

should form an integral part of any emergency plan. For major fires,

injuries will be the result of the effects of thermal radiation to a varying

degree, and the knowledge and experience to handle this in extreme

cases may be generally available in most hospitals. For major toxic

releases, the effects vary according to the chemical in question, and it is

important for health authorities who might be involved in dealing with the

aftermath of a toxic release to be familiar with the treatment appropriate

to such require medical equipment and facilities additional to those

available locally, and a medical mutual aid scheme should exist to enable

the assistance of neighboring authorities to be obtained in the event of an

emergency.



7.15.7 Role of the Mutual Aid Agencies

Various type of mutual aid available from the surrounding factories and

other agencies should also be utilized, as per need, as a part of the on-

site and off-site emergency plan.

7.15.8 Role of the factory Inspectorate

The factory inspectors are likely to want to satisfy themselves that the

organization responsible for producing the off-site plan has made

adequate arrangements for handling emergencies for all types, including

major emergencies. They may wish to see well-documented procedures

and evidence of exercises undertaken to test the plan. In the event of an

accident, the factory inspector will assist the District Emergency Authority

for information and help in getting mutual aid from surrounding factories.

In the aftermath, factory inspectors may wish to ensure that the affected

areas are rehabilitated safely. In addition, they may require items of

plant and equipment essential for any subsequent investigation to be

impounded for expert analysis, and may also want to interview witness as

soon as practicable.

In the state of Gujarat, District Emergency Control (Contingent) plans

have been formulated, and some rehearsed, for some districts and the

copies are available from the local factory inspectorate. All hazardous

factories needing on-site and off-site emergency plans are advised to

keep constant liaison with them.

The communication system between the factory and various above role-

playing authorities must be effective. Ineffective public telephone system

will not be useful in emergencies. Therefore, it should be improved and

other effective system like duplex (two way) radio telephone, wireless

set, emergency vehicles, etc. should be maintained between important

organizations.



Chapter-8

Project Benefits

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Project benefit focus on those points which will become beneficial to the

surrounding area or community in terms of infrastructural development,

Social development, employment and other tangible benefits due to

project. Proposed project has a potential for employment of skilled, semi-

skilled and unskilled employees during construction phase as well as

operational phase.

8.2 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE INCLUDING TECHNICAL FACILITY

ASPECTS

Unit proposed to establish Bulk drugs manufacturing unit at Plot No. 19,

Survey No. 10/1, Rajkot-Ahmedabad N.H. 8B, Village: Hirasar, Tal. &

Dist.: Rajkot, Gujarat. The project will have requirement of an

infrastructure so direct benefit of infrastructures development is

anticipated. The project proposes to employ local people which will help

to increase the income of local people & improve their standard of living.

During construction and commissioning phase, unit has proposed to

employ local contractual services. Hence, with the growth in the economic

conditions, the project may lead to growth in the social stature &

improvement of the quality of life in the surrounding area. It will also help

in improvement in local amenities. Thus, the project will have

considerable indirect benefits to the public physical infrastructures.

8.3 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Due to proposed project activity, social infrastructure will improve by

means of civilization, vocational training and basic amenities.

Civilization: Due to the project, employment and other infrastructural

facilities will boost up income of surrounding people and improve quality

of life. This will indirectly boost up the civilization of the surrounding

people.

Vocational Training: Moreover, unit will provide vocational training

opportunity to the surrounding people and greed for employment will

motivate the education activities that will lead the change in life style of



the surrounding and affected people hence social infrastructure will be

improved.

Basic Amenities: Better education facilities, healthcare, road

infrastructure and drinking water facilities are basic social amenities for

better living of any human being which will be further increased, which

will help in uplifting the living standards of local communities.

8.4 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

In the construction phase, direct and indirect manpower will be involved.

Thus temporary and permanent employment will be generated during

construction phase. During the operation phase, 12 nos. of skilled and

unskilled manpower will be required. Moreover, unit will provide first

priority to local workers for the employment. Further, the indirect

employment via increased transportation, ancillary units & local economic

activities will also add in the employment potential of the proposed

project. Thus, proposed project will result in considerable benefits in

terms of employment.

8.5 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS

As mentioned above, the project will have many employment & trade

opportunities with the inception of the construction activities. Thus, these

will eventually result in appreciable economic benefits to the local people

& businesses/contractors.

Indirectly, the proposed project will help the Government by paying

different taxes from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus,

will help in developing the area.

The raw materials & finished goods will be moved by truck/tankers which

provide indirect employment to people engaged in this sector.

The CSR activities planned by the company will be considerably beneficial

to the surrounding area. These all together with the economic benefits of

the proposed project will result in further benefits in terms of the literacy

level, primary and middle level education and on health facilities.



Chapter-9

Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

Environmental cost benefit analysis has not been recommended at the scoping

stage and has therefore not been carried out.



Chapter-10

Environmental Management Plan

10.1 INTRODUCTION

An Environment Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared to minimize

negative impacts and is formed on the basis of prevailing environmental

conditions and likely impacts of this project on various environmental

parameters. This plan will also facilitate monitoring of environmental

parameters.

An equally essential element of this process is to develop measures to

eliminate, offset or reduce impacts to acceptable levels during

implementation and operation of project. The integration of such

measures into project implementation and operation is supported by

clearly defining the environmental requirements within an Environment

Management Plan (EMP). EMP includes scheme for proper and scientific

treatment and disposal mechanism for air, liquid and solid hazardous

pollutants, apart from this, green belt development, safety aspects of the

workers; noise control, CSR activities etc. are also included in it.

Essentials Pharma proposed to start bulk drugs manufacturing activities

at Plot No. 19, Survey No. 10/1, Rajkot-Ahmedabad N.H. 8B, Village:

Hirasar, Tal. & Dist.: Rajkot. For abatement of environmental pollution,

the unit would adopt several measures, which are summarized in this

chapter.

10.2 OBJECTIVES OF EMP

The objective of the Environmental Management Plan is summarized

hereunder,

To limit/reduce the degree, extent, magnitude or duration of adverse

impacts.

To treat all the pollutants i.e. liquid effluent, air emissions and

hazardous waste with adoption of adequate and efficient technology.

To comply with all the norms and standards stipulated by Gujarat

Pollution Control Board/Central Pollution Control Board.

To create good working conditions.



To reduce any risk hazards and design the disaster management

plan.

Continuous development and search for innovative technologies for a

cleaner and better environment.

10.3 COMPONENTS OF EMP

EMP for the proposed project covers following aspects:

Description of mitigation measures which are proposed for proposed

operation phase only.

Description of monitoring program.

Institutional arrangements.

Implementation schedule and reporting procedures.

All above aspects and objectives are kept in the view and considering the

same EMP is prepared for two major fields.

10.3.1 Environmental Management systems

Unit is well aware of environmental requirements for planning and

implementation of the project and set up a department with trained

personnel. The environmental impact due to the proposed activity is very

marginal release of pollutants due to proposed activity.

10.3.2 Environmental Management Cell

Unit will set up separate Environmental Management Cell for

management and implementation of environment control measures. The

cell will also include the safety cell for observing, inspecting and

regulating the safety measures inside the plant. The cell will be

responsible for maintaining records of all the data, documents and

information in line with the statutory requirements. The setup of the

Environmental Management Cell is shown in Figure-10.1.

10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Essentials Pharma is proposed to set up a new unit; hence excavation

work will be carried out as per requirement. There will be construction

activities to be carried out. There will also be installation of new

machineries and equipments that ultimately lead slight impact on

environment, but it will be temporary in nature.



Construction for installation work shall generate noise and dust within

working areas. Therefore, measures will need to take to protect workers.

To mitigate the adverse environment impact due to the construction

phase-

Regular sprinkling of the water will be recommended along with the

construction activities.

Regular preventing maintenance of machinery and transportation of

vehicles during construction to reduce noise pollution.

The domestic sewage generated during the construction activity will be

routed to septic tanks followed by soak pit.

To protect the workers working in noisy area, personal protective

equipments like earmuffs/earplugs will be provided.

Tree plantation will be proposed periphery of plant premises and along

the roads.

10.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE

10.5.1 Air Environment

A) Stack emission



to Boiler & stand by D.G. Set. Agro waste (agro briquettes) will be used

as fuel for boiler and HSD will be used for D.G. Set. Cyclone will be

installed as Air Pollution Control Measures. Adequate stack height will be

provided for proper dispersion of pollutants. The most probable emitted

pollutants will be SPM, SO2 and NOx. However, it will be almost within the

emission norms. The unit will also provide adequate stack monitoring

facilities for the periodic monitoring of the stack to verify the compliance

of the stipulated norms.

In order to minimize the air pollution the unit will also develop green belt

in and around its premises considering the following guidelines,

i) Green cover should be created at all the available open spaces.

ii) To make green belt dense more trees are to be planted at all patches

where plantations already exists.

iii) Strict surveillance is made to increase the survival rate of the trees.



iv) Plants with higher height, medium and low height should be planted

to ensure thick belt for attenuation of fugitive emission. This activity

demands expert advice and guidance.

B) Measures for fugitive emissions

The fugitive Pollutants such as RPM & VOCs are likely to emit from

process area. However, it will be within acceptable level. Special care is

also taken while material handling and storage.

The unit will adopt following measures:



Regular periodic monitoring of work area to check the fugitive

emission.

PPEs will be provided to the workers working in process area.


emission.

Paved road will make to reduce the fugitive emission. Water sprinkler

will be provided to reduce the dusting from road transportation.

To reduce the pollutant emission during transportation, the unit has

adopted the practice of regular checkup and maintenance of vehicular

engines for complete combustion of the fuel.

10.5.2 Wastewater management plan

Unit will require total 3.57 KL/day of water to satisfy its need, which is for

Industrial, domestic & greenbelt purpose. This will be satisfied through

water supply of estate developer.

Wastewater generation will be from process, utilities & water treatment.

Total industrial wastewater generation is tune around 1.15 KL/day.

Effluent will be treated in ETP and finally evaporated in kettle type

evaporator to achieve zero discharge. Sewage will be disposed to soak pit

followed by septic tank.

Water Management

The unit will adopt the practice of maintaining the records for the total

water withdrawal and consumption at various resources.

Domestic effluent will be disposed off into soak pit.



No wastewater discharge outside the premises.

Rain water harvesting system would be implemented to recharge

ground water.

10.5.3 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management

The Waste Management plan includes:

- Classification of waste

- Collection, storage, transportation, disposal at TSDF site, appropriate

recycler &/or reuse.

- Data Management and Reporting

- Waste Minimization

The source of solid/hazardous waste generation is ETP sludge &

evaporation salt, used lubricating oil, discarded drums/containers/liners.

ETP sludge & evaporation salt will be disposed to at approved TSDF site,

used oil will be sent to registered recycler, whereas discarded drums/

containers/liners will be sold to approve recyclers. The unit will also

provide isolated storage area for the storage of hazardous waste with roof

cover and impervious floor.

10.5.4 Noise Control measures

Exposure of high noise level to workers for long duration may lead to

certain occupational diseases. To mitigate the high noise level, following

measures will be adopted:

Good housekeeping will be maintained.

Vehicles will be maintained in good conditions with PUC.

Roads will be maintained in good condition.

Properly insulated enclosures will be provided to equipments making

excessive noise.

Isolating continuous vibrating structures/machines by proper and

secured mountings.

Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular

intervals will be done to reduce generation of noise.

Personal Protective Equipments like earplugs and earmuffs will be

provided to the workers exposed to high noise level.



Greenbelt of appropriate width inside the plant premises and at the

plant boundary will be developed.

Regular monitoring of noise level will be carried out and corrective

measures in concerned machinery will be adapted accordingly to the

possible extent.

10.6 POSSIBILITY OF CHEMICAL SPILLAGE/LEAKAGES AND ITS

CONTROL MEASURES

Despite the best efforts for safe practice for handling of chemicals in

chemical plants, there are chances of accidents due to release of

chemicals. For this reason, it is essential that all plant personnel have

adequate PPEs to spill response. The following procedures should be used

as a guide to help an effective spill control in the plant. These procedures

tell you how to prepare step-by-step instructions for spill cleanup. They

also outline when and who to call for assistance.

Estimate release of a type and quantity of a chemical that poses an

immediate risk to health;

Check the possibility of fire or explosion;

Evacuate the area of spillage;

If possibility of fire or explosion, call fire brigade and ready fire

extinguishers for primary control of fire.

If the accident involves personal injury or chemical contamination,

follow the above steps as appropriate and locate nearest emergency

eyewash or safety shower. Remove any contaminated clothing from

the victim and flush all areas of the body contacted by chemicals with

copious amounts of water for 15 minutes. Administer first aid as

appropriate and seek medical attention.

Decontaminate the spillage area by appropriate procedure like, Acid

spillage, decontaminate by alkali materials, if solvent release, control

it by add sand/soil to control major contamination.

After control of spillage, all contaminate; if water generation, take it into

ETP for further treatment and disposal. If soil/sand, collect all soil/sand

for final disposal as advice by Environmental expert.



10.7 DETAILS OF PROVISIONS TO BE MADE FOR EVAPORATION OF

INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT

Technical details of effluent evaporation system including

evaporation capacity, steam required for evaporation.

Capacity of kettle will be 1.5 kl. Total steam requirement will be 1000

kg/day.

Adequacy of the boilers to supply steam for evaporation in

addition to the steam required for the process etc.

We have small boiler with steam generation capacity of 300 kg/hr. and

our total steam requirement is only for 4 hrs/day. So same boiler will be

used for evaporator.

Techno-economical viability of the evaporation system

We will have only 1150 lit/day maximum effluents and in such small

quantity, evaporation is only a better option for us. We have 275 kg/day

of agro waste required to evaporate our total industrial effluent.

Effective evaporation system shall be designed in such a way to

strip or absorb the VOCs and effective stack height shall be

provided to the evaporation system

Our source of effluent is process, utilities. This effluent contains only

trace methanol hence no additional precaution may require to control

VOCs.

10.8 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

Tree plantation is one of the effective remedial measures to control the

air pollution and noise pollution. It also causes aesthetics improvement of

the area as well as sustains and supports the biosphere. The unit

proposes to develop the green belt in 260 m2 area.

The greenbelt developed by planting drought resistant trees suitable for

local climate. Moreover, avenue trees will be planted all along the roads

and local species are recommended to plant. The density of tree will be

1000 tree per acres i.e. 1 tree per 4 m2 to minimize the effect of air and

noise pollution and to improve overall environment. These trees will be

planted in open and close patches in multiple rows. Trees that are native

of this area will be been chosen for plantation.



The plants are suitable for green belt development based on gaseous

exchange capacity of foliage which is ascertained by the following

characteristics:

- The plant should be fast growing.

- It should have thick canopy cover.

- It should have large leaf area index.

- It should be indigenous.

- It should be efficient in absorbing pollutants without significant effects

on plant growth.

The objectives of the industrial greenbelt are to improve the micro-

environment and create environmental awareness among the local

people. Selection of tree species for industrial areas is influenced by the

nature of industry. The objective should be to ensure a green cover

tolerating pollutant gases and solid particulates present in the

atmosphere. It is also advisable to select suitable tree species and adopt

simple techniques which require minimum investment and care.

Schedule of greenbelt development

Unit will plant plantation of 65 saplings (@ 13 saplings per year for five

year) in area of 260 m2 during five years period. The saplings will be

properly watered and manure. Greenbelt will cover following plants

species.

Sr. No. Scientific Name Vernacular Name

1. Anthocephalus cadamba Kadam

2. Azadirachta indica Limdo

3. Cassia fistula Garmalo

4. Delonix regia Gulmohar

5. Derris indica Karanj

6. Polyalthia longifolia Asopalav

7. Sizygium cuminii Jambu

Plantation Programme

The plantation of trees in and around the company are meant mainly to

reduce air pollution caused by factory emissions, to absorb sound, to

prevent soil erosion and to maintain aesthetic value for healthy living.



Details of year wise Tree Plantation Programme

Year Area to be

planted

(Sqm.)

No. of trees

proposed to be

planted

Survival

rate

1st 52 13 75%

2nd 52 13 75%

3rd 52 13 75%

4th 52 13 75%

5th 52 13 75%

Total 260 65 --

Budgetary Expenditure:

Budgetary expenditure for development and establishment of greenbelts

are worked out as below:

Cost of greenbelt development

Sr.

No. Sr. No.

Description of

work

Estimated

rate

Quantum

of work

Approximately

cost in Rs.

Capital cost

1 Land leveling to

using excavated soil inside the plant

150/m3 260 39000

2 Plantation cost Rs. 75/tree 65 4875

3 Grassing in vacate

space (50% of greenbelt area)

50/sqm 150 7500

Total capital cost 51375

Protection of plantation at site:

Protection from grazing will be done by erecting tree guards a rounded

planted sapling.

Though the tree suggested for plantation will require very less water,

however during the first year watering will be done twice in a day.

There after watering will be done twice in a week.

Manuring will be done when plantation take up. For this propose, cow

dung will be dump in the pit. No other manuring will require for

proposed plantation.

Damaged planted will be replaced with new plants.

10.9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

Health hazards associated with occupation are called occupational hazard.

Unit will maintain occupational safety & health of the employees with



well-defined procedures, as per ISO-14001 and OSHA-18001. Following

check-ups shall be carried out regularly to avoid occupational hazards:

Pre-medical check-up of the employees at the time of employment in

unit.

Provision of periodic medical check-up for all the employees.

To provide necessary first aid facilities, the first aid training shall also

be given to the employees.

The first aid training shall also be given to the employees. Monitoring

of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation shall be carried out at

frequent intervals.

Appointing the medical officer for the regular medical examination and

treatment of the employee.

The following precautions shall be taken to avoid foreseeable accident like

spillage, fire and explosion hazards and to minimize the effect of any such

accident and to combat the emergency at site level in case of emergency.

Various emergency spots in plant area will be identified and kept in

sharp and alert watch.

Protective equipments will be regularly checked and will be kept easily

accessible and easily workable during emergency.

Safety installations like available quantity of running water will be

regularly watched.

Fire bucket and hose reels will be provided to withstand the fire or

explosion conditions.

Various types of fire extinguishers such as (Foam type, water CO2

type, CO2 type) will be providing inside the factory premises.

10.9.1 Possibility of occupational health hazard & its preventive

measures

Occupational hazards can be divided into two categories: safety hazards

that cause accidents that physically injure workers, and health hazards

which result in the development of disease. Hazards can be rated

according to the severity of the harm they cause - a significant hazard

being one with the potential to cause a critical injury or death.

Following are major health hazards involve in proposed activities mainly:



Chemical agents: There is no use of solvent/flammable materials; there

are no possibility to generate vapours of solvents and dust. We will take

care to reduce it at optimum minimum level and advices to workers to

use PPE who work in such identify area.

Noise: Noise is considered as any unwanted sound that may adversely

affect the health and well-being of individuals or populations. Aspects of

noise hazards include total energy of the sound, frequency distribution,

duration of exposure and impulsive noise. Noise might result in acute

effects like communication problems, decreased concentration sleepiness

and as a consequence interference with job performance. Exposure to

high levels of noise (usually above 85 dB(A)) over a significant period of

time may cause both temporary and chronic hearing loss. Permanent

hearing loss is the most common occupational disease in compensation

claims.

Occupational surveillance involves active programmes to anticipate,

observe, measure, evaluate and control exposures to potential health

hazards in the workplace. Depending upon the occupational environment

and problem, two surveillance methods can be employed: Medical and

Environmental.

Medical surveillance is used to detect the presence or absence of

adverse health effects for an individual from occupational exposure to

contaminants, by performing medical examinations and appropriate tests.

Medical surveillance is performed because diseases can be caused or

exacerbated by exposure to hazardous substances.

Environmental surveillance is used to document potential exposure to

contaminants for a group of employees, by measuring the concentration

of contaminants in the air, in bulk samples of materials, and on surfaces.

Medical surveillance is performed because diseases can be caused or

exacerbated by exposure to hazardous substances. So, periodically

medical check-up will be carried out.

10.9.2 Preventive Measures

The methods of protecting the work force from exposure to toxic agents

in the workplace:



Enclosures or special ventilator control of processes;

Good general ventilation-particularly important if the solvent is

used in a confined space;

Personal protection-Protective clothing should be worn, including

gloves. Suitable respiratory protection is necessary like Panorama

gas mask with cartridge suitable for the chemicals we will be

handling, breathing air apparatus and air hood with instrument air

connection.

Keep Emergency alarm systems in confined area.

Emergency preparedness plan.

10.10 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMME

Unit will employ well qualified and experienced safety manager. Part time

or panel Factory Medical Officer will be appointed for regular health

check-up of employees. Record has been maintained. Regular training to

plant personnel in safety fire fighting and first aid will be provided.

Being a SSI unit, arrangement of own ambulance van is very difficult &

facility of ambulance van is round the clock available at Health Centre of

Bamanbor, which is around 6 km far from the site.

Unit will maintain a healthy work environment. This will be accomplished

through the identification, evaluation and control of workplace

environmental factors which may cause sickness, impaired health or

significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers. Environmental

factors such as noise, physical hazards toxicity/chemical hazard and

ergonomic hazards will be monitored on a periodic basis to assist in

maintaining a healthy work environment. Hearing protection aid will be

provided to workers who work in the high noise areas.

(A) Exposure of workers with major chemicals

Mainly Iodine and Methanol are major chemicals where workers are

directly exposed. All workers are directly or indirectly comes into contact

with above chemicals are aware about the hazardousness of such

chemicals and all have provide personnel protective equipments and also

provide appropriate training for use it.



(B) List of chemicals, their threshold limit and measures

Unit will use Iodine and Methanol, where workers are directly or indirectly

exposed in work area. Details of hazardous chemicals characteristics are

summarized in RA report. Unit will handle above chemicals with proper

handling process suggested in MSDS.

Table 10.1 List of chemicals, their threshold limit and measures

Sr.

No.

Name of Haz.

Chemicals

Threshold

limit (TWA)

Mitigation measures

1. Iodine 1 ppm Close transfer system from

storage to reaction vessels.

Condenser system will be

provided at air vent of

storage tank.

2. Methanol 250 ppm

(C) Details of Pre-placement and periodical medical monitoring of

workers

Pre-employment Medical Examinations

There are two main purposes of pre-employment medical examinations:

1. To provide base-line health data against which subsequent

changes after employment can be evaluated

This is important for assessment of the effectiveness of preventive

measures at work. For example, where the hearing threshold of a worker,

which is normal before employment in a noisy occupation, is found to

have increased after employment, this possibly indicates noise-induced

hearing loss and a review of the hearing protection measures would be

required. On the other hand, if the pre-employment hearing threshold of

the workers has not been assessed, it would be difficult to ascertain

whether the worker’s high hearing threshold after employment is due to

excessive noise exposure at work or to his own hearing problem before

employment. Pre-employment health data is also important in

substantiating or negating employees’ compensation claims since it

provides evidence of the health status of claimants before employment.

2. To ensure medical fitness for work

Pre-employment medical examinations identify those persons who are

medically unfit for employment in particular occupations. Persons with



certain underlying medical conditions are particularly vulnerable to the

effects of certain health hazards and are not suitable for employment in

particular occupations. Persons with certain underlying medical conditions

are particularly vulnerable to the effects of certain health hazards and are

not suitable for employment in work with such exposures. For example,

workers with thalassemia (a genetic disease of the blood) should not be

engaged in work involving lead exposure which may aggravate the

anemia. Workers may fail to meet the specific health requirements for

particular job so that they cannot undertake the jobs safely without risks

to themselves or others.

Periodic Medical Examinations

Periodic medical examinations aim to detect susceptible workers for

whom corrective actions are required before they develop overt

occupational diseases. The frequency of periodic medical examinations

depends on the nature of the occupational hazards. For most hazardous

exposures, however, these examinations are conducted annually.

Requirements of Medical Examination: The requirements of medical

examinations depend on the nature of the hazardous exposures of

workers. In general, the doctor will take a detailed occupational and

medical history, conduct a physical examination and prescribe a range of

ancillary laboratory and/or radiological investigations such as urine test,

blood test, X-ray, lung function test and audiometric test.

Liver Function Test (LFT)

Clinical examination and Pre-placement medical examination carried out

in every 12 months. Liver function tests including serum bilirubin, alkaline

phosphatase estimations every 12 months are required.

Occupational Health and First aid measures

Unit is using numbers of chemicals, which if handled in safe ways with all

precautions (as detailed in respective MSDS) will not cause harm to

employees. However, in rare case of exposures, immediate action is to be

taken to save life and reduce the extent of damage. Unit has first aid

facilities and calling base ambulance facilities as and when required.

Industry will appoint part time doctor for periodically health check-up.



Instructions for immediate actions to exposures to some of the chemicals

will be given to employees.

Mitigation Measures: Entire materials will be transfer either

pneumatically or closed manner and charging the raw materials in reactor

with deep charges so that chances of un-reacted materials are minimized.

Engineering controls: Engineering controls are the preferred method of

controlling exposure to workplace hazards. They can be placed in three

categories:

Substitution includes the use of a less hazardous material, a change in

the process equipment used, or a change in the process itself. Care must

be taken to ensure that the substitution actually does result in less

hazardous conditions.

Isolation is a method of limiting exposure to those employees who are

working directly with the hazard, often by enclosing them within a

containment structure. While isolation will reduce the risk to those

outside the isolated area, it should be accompanied by appropriate

controls to ensure that those within are not faced with an increased

exposure to the hazard.

Ventilation is most important for the control of airborne hazards. It

involves the removal (from the workplace) of air that contains a

hazardous contaminant and its replacement with uncontaminated outside

air. There are two types: local exhaust and general dilution. A properly

designed local exhaust system can capture a contaminant where it is

generated and remove it before it is dispersed into the work environment.

Unit has focus on above three areas to maintain work air quality in work

zone area.

10.10.1 Occupational Health and First aid measures

Unit will be used numbers of chemicals, which if handled in safe ways

with all precautions (as detailed in respective MSDS) will not harm to

employees. However, in rare case of exposures, immediate action is to be

taken to save life and reduce the extent of damage. Unit will provide first

aid facilities. Industry will appoint part time doctor for periodically health



check-up of workers. Instructions for immediate actions to exposures to

some of the chemicals will be given to employees.

10.10.2 Hazard Communication and Industrial Safety

A hazardous chemical directory is being developed to maintain

information on the hazards associated with each chemical used. Copies of

Material Safety Data Sheets for all hazardous materials at the proposed

facility will be kept at the unit and will be available for employee review.

Specific programs and procedures for the control of health hazards

associated with potentially harmful materials such as solvents will be

followed. Material handling areas should be clearly defined.

The workers should be made aware about the hazards associated with

manual material handling.

A written process safety information document should be compiled for

general use.

The document compilation should include an assessment of the

hazards presented including (i) Physical data (ii) Thermal data (iii)

process and Mechanical design.

Personnel engaged in handling of hazard activities should be trained to

respond in an unlikely event of emergencies.

The plant should check and ensure that all instruments provided in the

plant are in good condition and documented.

The hazard communication program will serve as the basis for

selection of personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, face

shields, etc. A select group of employees at the proposed facilities will

receive first aid training to provide an immediate response and medical

care for injuries.

10.11 HEALTH & SAFETY

Health hazards associated with occupation are called occupational hazard.

Unit will follow occupational health program. Following check-ups shall be

carried out regularly to avoid occupational hazard:

Pre-medical check-up of the employees at the time of employment

in unit.



Provision of periodic medical check up for all the employees is

necessary first aid facilities.

The first aid training shall also be given to the employees.

Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation shall be

carried out at frequent intervals.

Appointing the medical officer for the regular medical examination

and treatment of the employee.

The following precautions shall be taken to avoid foreseeable accident like

spillage, fire and explosion hazards and to minimize the effect of any such

accident and to combat the emergency at site level in case of emergency.

Various emergency spots in plant area will be identified and kept in

sharp and alert watch.

Protective equipments will be regularly checked and will be kept

easily accessible and easily workable during emergency.

Safety installations like available quantity of running water will be

regularly watched.

Fire bucket and hose reels will be provided to withstand the fire or

explosion conditions.

Various types of fire extinguishers such as (Foam type, water CO2

type, CO2 type) will be providing inside the factory premises.

10.12 MEASURES FOR CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Unit shall adopt various measures for energy conservation:

Energy efficient machineries will be used during operation phase.

Company shall try to utilize renewable sources of energy for

conservation of non-renewable sources of energy.

Enough care will be taken to prevent/minimize energy losses at

each stage.

External lights will be controlled through timers for auto on/off

function based on timings.

The cable size will be selected so as to minimize the power losses.

Efficient lamps and ballasts.

Replacement of conventional lighting fixture by more energy

efficient fittings.



10.13 RESOURCE CONSERVATION/WASTE MINIMIZATION

The unit shall also implement the concept of waste minimization circle

including:

Good House Keeping: Proper housekeeping practices make the system

easier and less costly.

Rain water harvesting system shall be adopted to reduce the fresh

water requirement.

Cleaner production technology shall be adopted for the resource

conservation and pollution control.

Reuse/Recycle mechanisms for generated waste by selling to

appropriate users to implement Conservation strategy.

10.14 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES

Socio-economic development activities refers to voluntary actions

undertaken by company/organization to either improve the living

conditions (economically, socially, and environmentally) of local

communities or to reduce the negative effects of the project.

Various Programs/Projects related to Social & Economic development of

surrounded area has been planned.

Following activity will be under taken as a part of CSR under

different heads:

Education

Awarding meritorious school students in SSC & HSC

Providing utensils to schools and anganwadi for Mid-Day Meal

preparation

Science Lab - Equipment & books in libraries for schools

Supports for sport & cultural competitions in schools

Health and family welfare

Malaria eradication camps (collection of blood sample & detection of

virus & free medicine distribution, Blood donation camp)

General Health Camp for men, women & kids

Support for Pulse Polio Immunization camp

Contribution towards primary Health Services depending on local

needs.



Preservation of the Environment and to Sustainable Development

Water harvesting systems in nearby villages.

Landscaping & greenbelt development in and around the project site.

Provide sanitation facilities to villagers.

Unit has committed to spend about Rs. 50,000 towards various rural up-

liftman and community development programs.

10.15 POST-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Post - project environmental monitoring suggested herewith should be as

per the guideline. The highlights of the integrated environmental

monitoring plan are:

The stack monitoring facilities like ladder, platform and port-hole of all

the stacks maintained in good condition.

Regular monitoring of all gaseous emissions from stacks/vents and all

fugitive emissions in the process areas.

The performance of air pollution control equipment evaluated based on

these monitoring results.

Water consumption in the unit recorded daily.

Analysis of untreated and treated effluent will be carried out regularly.

Performance of effluent treatment plant units evaluated based on

these analysis results.

As far as possible, noise curbed at its source, with the help of acoustic

hoods and other such noise reducing equipment. Regular noise level

monitoring carried out.

Green belt properly maintained and new plantation programmes

undertaken frequently.

Continued environmental awareness programmes carried out within

the employees and also in the surrounding villages.

Rain water harvesting ponds will be developed within the industrial

premises and encouraged in the surrounding villages too.

10.15.1 Details of Work Place Air Quality Monitoring Plan

Work zone monitoring will be carried out by independent competent third

party every month. Records will be kept in Form No. 37 as per Gujarat

Factories Rules. Location for samplings will be identified. Following



information will be incorporated in the format for maintaining records of

work zone monitoring:

Location/Operation monitored

Identified contaminant

Sampling instrument used

Number of Samples

Range of contaminant concentration as measured in sample

Average concentration

TWA concentration of contaminant (As given in Second Schedule of

Factories Act)

Reference method used for analysis

Number of workers exposed at the location being monitored

Signature of the person taking samples

Other relevant details

10.16 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT BUDGET ALLOCATION

Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum earmarked for environment

pollution control measures will be as under.

Table 10.2: Budget Allocation for Environment Management

S. No.

Particulars Capital Cost (Rs. in

Lakhs)

Recurring Cost per annum

(Rs. in Lakh)

1 Air pollution Control 9 0.9

2 Water pollution Control 20 1.2

3 Noise pollution Control 0.5 0.2

4 Solid/Hazardous waste

management

1.5 0.6

5 Environment Monitoring and

Management

1.5 0.5

6 Occupational Health 2.5 0.3

7 Green Belt Development Plan 1.5 0.5

8 Rain water harvesting system 3.5 0.8

Total 40.0 5.0

10.17 ENVIRONMENT POLICY

Unit has proposed to set up a new unit and there will be an Environment

Policy approved by the management.



They commit themselves to:

Ensure continuous improvement in environmental performance of our

works through protective Environmental management system.

Comply with applicable legal and other requirements related to

environmental aspects.

Conserve the resources particularly water, power by fixing and

improving consumption norms.

Concept of cleaner production will be adopted.

Ensure involvement of all employees and contractors in effective

implementation of Environment Management System through

training and awareness.

Promote awareness among local surrounding community for

preservation and maintaining clean environment.



Table 10.3

Environment Monitoring Plan

Nature of Analysis Frequency of analysis with

its analyzer

Parameters


Grease, etc.

Stack Monitoring of

each stack


Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring

Monthly for 24 hours or as per

the statutory conditions by

external agency


Noise Pollution Monthly as per the statutory

conditions by external agency

Nr. main gate,



Health checkup of

workers

As per the statutory guideline All workers



Figure 10.1

Organization Chart of Environmental Management Cell

Technical Director

EHS Manager

Environmental Chemist



Chapter-11

Summary & Conclusion 11.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Essentials Pharma proposed to start bulk drugs manufacturing unit at Plot

No. 19, Survey No. 10/1, Rajkot-Ahmedabad N.H. 8B, Village: Hirasar,

Tal. & Dist.: Rajkot, Gujarat. Total manufacturing capacity of the unit will

be 6.0 MT/month.

Project activities falls under item 5(f) of the Schedule of EIA Notification,

2006 and its subsequent amendments.

11.1.1 Brief details of the project

1. Area of the project 864.78 m2

2. Power requirement 125 kVA (Source: Paschim

Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.)

3. Total water requirement 3.57 KLD

4. Total wastewater

generation

1.15 KLD

5. Fuel requirement Agro waste/agro briquettes: 0.6

TPD

HSD: 35 lit/hr.

6. Source of air emission from stack of boiler & stand by D

G Set No process emission from unit

7. Hazardous waste

generation

ETP sludge & evaporation salt,

used oil, discarded containers/

liners

8. Manpower 12 nos.

11.1.2 Location of Project

Details of the project site are given in following table:

Sr.

No.

Particulars Details

1. Plant location

Survey No. Plot No. 19, Survey No. 10/1

Village Hirasar

Tal. & District Rajkot

2. Site coordinate

Latitude & Longitude 22°24'2.97"N



71°01'42.41"E

3. Nearest Village Hirasar - 1.5 km

4. Nearest Railway Station Kankot - 18.4 km

5. Nearest Airport Rajkot - 27.5 km

6. Nearest National Highway NH 8 B - 1.6 km

11.1.3 Investment of the Project

The estimated cost of the proposed project will be around Rs. 2.3 crore.

Out of which Rs. 40.0 Lakhs will be used as capital cost for EMS. Around

Rs. 5.0 Lakhs per annum utilize for recurring cost of EMS systems.

11.1.4 Product Details

List of products with its capacity are given below:

Sr.

No.

Name of Product Quantity

(MTPM)

Quantity

(MTPA)

1 Povidone-iodine

6.0 72.0

2 Carbamazepine

3 Potassium Citrate

4 Metformin hydrochloride

5 Oxyclozanide

6 Sodium Citrate

11.2 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

11.2.1 Baseline Environmental Study

To predict the impact of the project on the surrounding environment, the

current baseline environmental status was studied by collecting the data

and carrying out monitoring during January, 2017 to March, 2017 in

the study area of 5 km radius from project site as per the TOR.

11.2.2 Air Environment

The Ambient Air Quality Monitoring was carried out at six locations, with

a frequency of twice a week, to assess the existing sub-regional air

quality status during the period of January, 2017 to March, 2017.

Respirable Dust Sampler & Fine Particular Sampler along with the

analytical methods, prescribed by CPCB was used for carrying out air

quality monitoring. At all these sampling locations; PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and

NOx were monitored on 24-hourly basis to enable the comparison with

ambient air quality standards prescribed by the Central Pollution Control

Board. The data on concentrations of various pollutants were processed

for different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, standard



deviation, minimum and maximum concentration and various percentile

values. The observations are summarized below:

Particulate Matter (PM10)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM10 values at all the

locations varied between 60.1 - 65.7 g/m3 and 63.5 - 69.6 g/m3, which


Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM2.5 values at all the

locations varied between 31.3 - 37.9 g/m3 and 34.6 - 42.4 g/m3, which


Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly SO2 value of arithmetic

mean at all the locations ranged between 13.8 - 16.7 g/m3 and 16.3 - 20.9 g/m3 respectively, which are well within the stipulated standards of

80 g/m3.

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly NOx value of arithmetic

mean at all the locations ranged between 15.1 - 20.6 g/m3 and 17.9 -26.3 g/m3 respectively, which are much lower than the standards

stipulated by CPCB, i.e. 80 g/m3.

Conclusion:

The quality of ambient air in the study area is compared with AAQM

Standards prescribed by CPCB & found below the prescribed standards.

11.2.3 Water Environment

Surface Water Quality

There is no source of surface water in the study area.

Ground Water Quality

Ground water samples have been collected from collected from nearby

project site and different five villages (Bamanbore, Gundala, Jivapar,

Loma Kotadi, Rampara Beti).

Color: All the samples were colorless meeting desirable norms.

pH: All samples meet the desirable standards (pH ranges from 7.3 to

7.8).



Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS in samples ranges from 918 mg/L

(Nr. Project Site) to 1092 mg/L (Rampara Beti). All the samples meet the

permissible limit of 2000 mg/L, (If alternate sources of potable water are

not available).

Calcium: Calcium contents in the water ranges from 56 mg/L (Loma

Kotadi) to 73 mg/L (Rampara Beti), all the samples meet the permissible

limit of 200 mg/L, (If alternate sources of potable water is not available).

Magnesium: Magnesium content in the water ranges from 18 mg/L

(Bamanbore) to 37 mg/L (Jivapar). All the samples meet the permissible

limit of 100 mg/L (if alternate source of potable water in not available).

Sulphate: Sulphate content in the water ranges from 59 mg/L (Loma

Kotadi) to 69 mg/L (Rampara Beti). All the samples meet the permissible

limit of 400 mg/L for drinking water (if alternate source of potable water

in not available).

Fluoride: Fluoride content in the water ranges from 0.47 mg/L (Loma

Kotadi) to 0.56 mg/L (Nr. Project Site). All the samples meet the

permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L.

Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity in the water samples ranges from 264

mg/L (Loma Kotadi) to 335 mg/L (Bamanbore). All the samples are

within the permissible limit of drinking water (600 mg/L) (if alternate

source of portable water is not available).

Other Parameters: Potassium (ranges from 31 mg/L to 46 mg/L),

Sodium (ranges from 266 mg/L to 332 mg/L) and Chloride (ranges from

384 mg/L to 465 mg/L).

Heavy metals like copper, lead, chromium, iron, nickel, manganese and

zinc are found below detectable limit in all samples.

Conclusions:

Ground water samples from villages meet the permissible limit set by the

authority (BIS).

11.2.4 Noise Environment

The Leq values of noise levels during day-time varied from 51.6 dB(A) to

62.3 dB(A). Highest Leq daytime value was recorded nr. NH-8B. The Leq

values of noise levels during night time varied from 41.6 dB(A) to 56.8

dB(A). Highest Leq value during night time was also recorded at NH-8B.



11.2.5 Soil Quality

Soil samples were collected from 6 locations and analyzed to assess the

soil quality prevailing in the study area. Physical characteristics of soil

have been delineated through specific parameters, viz. particle size

distribution (grain size analysis), porosity, water holding capacity and

permeability whereas data for chemical characterization of soil, viz. pH,

electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity and sodium absorption

ratio have been analyzed.

11.2.6 Biological Environment

Baseline data for flora & fauna has been collected with its family. It was

found that, none of the species of conservation importance exists in the

study area and no endangered species found in the study area.

11.2.7 Socio-Economic Environment

Socio-economic study includes description of demography, available basic

amenities like housing, health care services, transportation, education

facilities. Information on the above said parameters has been collected to

define the socio-economic profile of the study area (5-km radius).

11.3 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts due to

proposed project and mitigation measures are given below:

11.3.1 Impacts on Air quality & Mitigation measures

There is no process gas emission anticipated from the process. Flue gas

emission will be from stack attached to Boiler due to combustion of fuel.

Agro waste/agro briquettes will be used as fuel. Most probable pollutants

will be SPM, SO2 and NOX. Unit proposed to install stand by D.G. set with

capacity of 125 kVA, which will be used in case of power failure. HSD will

be used as fuel.

Prediction of impacts on air environment is quantified using ISCST3

model. Maximum Ground level concentrations of 24-hr average for PM,

SO2, NOx are 0.338 g/m3, 0.046 g/m3 & 0.110 g/m3 respectively. The

point of maximum concentration by unit would be 1.0 km from center of

industry in S direction. The obtained GLCs are well within the 24-hourly

ambient air quality standards stipulated by CPCB.



To mitigate the impact due to the project, unit will install cyclone

separator as APCM to the flue gas stack. Adequate stack height will also

be provided for proper atmosphere dispersion of pollutants.

11.3.2 Impacts on Water Environment & Mitigation measures

Total water requirement will be 3.57 KL/day. Water requirement will be

for Industrial, domestic & greenbelt purpose. Water requirement will be

satisfied through water supply of estate developer.

Source of effluent generation will be mainly from process, utilities &

water treatment. Generated industrial w/w will be 1.150 KL/day. Effluent

will be treated in ETP and finally evaporated in kettle type evaporator to

achieve zero discharge. Hence, no impact on the water environment is

envisaged. Domestic w/w – 0.8 KL/day will be disposed in soak pit

followed by septic tank.

11.3.3 Impacts on Noise quality & Mitigation measures

The noise will generate due to operation of boiler, process plant, D.G. set

and other machineries. The impact is found to be insignificant outside the

premises. To decrease the noise pollution impact, unit will provide

necessary PPEs like earplugs or earmuffs to all workers where exposure is

85 dB(A) or more and selection of any equipment will be made with

specification of low noise levels.

11.3.4 Impacts on land & Mitigation measures

The solid/hazardous wastes generated from the unit may have significant

negative impacts if disposed unsystematically. Hence, appropriate

measures for storage and disposal of solid/hazardous wastes will be

adopted as per the regulatory guidelines.

11.3.5 Impacts on Socio Economy & Mitigation measures

Project will require about 12 nos. of persons for its operation, which

result into a positive impact on prevailing socio-economic environment.

Project will also have potential of indirect employment due to the increase

transportation activities, contractual works. Thus, overall impacts on

socio-economic environment are long term and positive in nature.



11.3.6 Impact on Ecology

There are no protected areas like National Park/Wildlife Sanctuary within

the 5 km radial periphery of the project site so there will not be any

significant impact on ecology.

11.4 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME

The unit will have a dedicated Environment Management Cell to monitor

and evaluate the environmental performance and to supervise the

environment management measures. Budgetary provision for

environment & safety management system has been made in the project

planning with Rs. 40 lakhs of capital cost and Rs. 5.0 Lakhs recurring cost

per annum. Below post-project monitoring programme will be followed.

Environment Monitoring Program

Nature of Analysis Frequency of analysis

with its analyzer

Parameters


Grease, etc.

Stack Monitoring of

each stack


Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring

Monthly for 24 hours or as

per the statutory conditions

by external agency


Noise Pollution Monthly as per the

statutory conditions by

external agency

Nr. main gate,



Health checkup of

workers

As per the statutory

guideline

All workers

11.5 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

11.5.1 Risk Assessment

Risk analysis and study have been carried out for identification of

accident hazards, selection of credible scenarios, Risk Mitigation

measures etc. All the hazardous chemicals will be stored and handled as

per MSDS guidelines. The detail study is prescribed in Chapter-7.

11.6 PROJECT BENEFITS

Proposed project has a potential for employment of skilled, semi-skilled &

unskilled employees, directly and indirectly. It will help the Government

by paying different taxes (sales tax, excise duty, etc.) from time to time,



which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the area. The

company has allocated a budget of Rs. 50000 for CSR activities, which

can lead to improve social infrastructure.

11.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

EMP includes the protection & mitigation measures to be implemented to

reduce the adverse impact on the environment. Management plan of

impacts identified is detailed below:

Air Pollution Management

Flue gas emission is from stack of boiler. Cyclone will be installed as

APCM as Agro waste/agro briquettes will be used as fuel. Appropriate

stack height and SMF will also be provided as per the guideline. To

control the fugitive emissions, unit will adopt following mitigation

measures.

• Regular maintenance of valves, pumps and other equipment will be

done to prevent leakages.

• Mechanical seals will be provided to all reactors.

• Regular periodic monitoring of work area to check the fugitive

emission.

Water Pollution Management

• Effluent will be collected and evaporate in evaporator after treatment

in ETP.

• Sewage will be disposed of in soak pit.

• Unit will maintain the records for the total water consumption.

• Rain water harvesting system would be implemented to recharge

ground water.

Hazardous/Solid Waste Management

Entire quantity of hazardous waste will be handled and disposed as per

Hazardous & Other Waste (Management & Transboundary Movement)

Rules, 2016. ETP sludge & evaporation salt will be sent to approved TSDF

site, used oil will be sold to registered recycler. Whereas discarded

containers/barrels, liners will be sold to approved recyclers

Thus, hazardous waste management system proposed by the unit is

adequate. There will not be any major impact on the environment due to

hazardous waste management.



Noise Pollution control measures

• Extensive oiling, lubrication and regular maintenance will be carried

out for the machineries and equipments to reduce noise generation.

• PPEs will be provided to the workers working in high noise area.

• Noise control equipments are provided for D.G. set.

• Greenbelt will be developed within industrial premises to prevent the

noise pollution.

• Periodic monitoring of noise levels will be done.

Green Belt Development

The unit proposes to develop greenbelt in area of 260 m2 and it will be

30% of the total area.

11.8 CONCLUSION

Based on the study it is concluded that -

There will be no major impact on water environment as effluent will

be treated in ETP followed by evaporator to achieve zero discharge.

Cyclone will be installed as an APCM in flue gas stack.

No process emission from the unit.

To prevent fugitive emission various steps will be taken like regular

sprinkling of water and paved road.

Adequate arrangement for handling and disposal of Hazardous solid

waste will be made as per regulatory norms.

Fire protection and safety measures will be provided to take care of

fire and explosion hazard.

Direct and indirect employment opportunities will have positive

impact.



Chapter-12

Disclosure of Consultant engaged Introduction

San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd. (An ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2008 and OHSAS 18001

certified company) is a leading multi-disciplinary testing laboratory in Gujarat.

SEPL provides testing services in the areas of environmental assessment and

analytical testing.

SAN Envirotech Pvt. Ltd. (henceforth SEPL) has started its work in 1990 to

serve the environment as a trustee of a next generation with a small

infrastructure under the dynamic leadership of Dr. Mahendra Sadaria.

During last two decade, SEPL has been taking care of client’s unique problems

and concerns in order to develop cost effective strategies to meet their

regulatory obligations. We focus on strategic planning and comprehensive

solutions to address both the short and long term needs of the clients.

Consequently we have developed long-term relationship with our clients to

provide them the services necessary to meet their changing needs.

To protect and preserve the natural resources on earth for future generation, it

offers extensive consultancy services in the field of environment. With its rich

experience, multidisciplinary expertise and with the support of its state-of the-

art analytical equipments, the services offered by the division are wide ranging

and encompasses entire scope of environment management and monitoring

services. With its emphasis on quality services over the years, it has evolved

itself into a single reference point in India for comprehensive environmental

services.

We conduct analytical works pertaining to various Environmental

Parameters. We perform effluent treatability studies also. To conduct the

analysis work, we follow National & International Quality Standard and update

our process regularly.

“Quality Assurance Team” always welcomes any suggestion and

feedback, to improve the Quality, Performance and Standards of the

services. These suggestion and feedback are considered for reviewing of the

services and complied immediately.



Major Milestones and Accreditation

SEPL is a recognize schedule-II Environmental Auditor appointed by Gujarat

Pollution Control Board as per the directives of the Honorable High Court of

Gujarat. Recognize laboratory under Environment Protection (EP) Act, 1986 by

Government of India (GOI). SEPL has listed as accredited EIA consultant

organization by NABET/QCI for EIA report preparation. SEPL has necessary

manpower and expertise in various fields and also the required infrastructure

facilities to carry out work related to EIA.

Declaration by experts contributing to the EIA of Essentials Pharma

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity

that developed the above EIA.

EIA Coordinator:

Name: Dr. Mahendra Sadaria

Signature & Date:

Period of involvement January, 2016 to finalization of report

Contact Information: 079-26583077

Functional Area Experts

Functional Areas

Name of the Expert

Involvement (Period and Task)

Signature & date

Air Pollution

Monitoring & Control (AP)

Dr. Mahendra

Sadaria

Planning of meteorological AAQM

baseline monitoring, site visit/ survey, select monitoring locations, data verification & approval, interpretation of

baseline condition of air environment. Evaluation of results of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM). Contribution

in EIA documentation.

Air Quality

Modeling and Prediction (AQ)

Diti Patel Meteorology file generation, Air quality

model (ISCST-3) run using meteorology data, identifying source & receptor. Prediction of GLC & plotting isopleths.

Study of GLCs obtained & calculating cumulative concentration of pollutants in AAQ due to the project. Contribution

in EIA documentation.

Water Pollution

(WP)

Dr. Khyati

Chanana

Site visit, selection of sampling

locations, review & interpret baseline water quality, water balance calculation for the project, prediction of impacts &

proposed mitigation measures, contribution in EIA documentation.

Ecology and Bio-

diversity Conservation (EB)

Dr. Khyati

Chanana

Site visit/survey for ecology study,

review of Greenbelt development requirement of the project-suggestion for species, type of plantation and



Functional

Areas

Name of the

Expert

Involvement

(Period and Task)

Signature &

date

contribution in EIA documentation.

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Management (SHW)

Dr. Mahendra Sadaria

Identified source of generation of Hazardous waste & disposal methods, studying adequacy of mitigation

measures for management of hazardous waste. Contribution in EIA documentation.

Socio Economy (SE)

Shobhana Sadaria

Site visit, data collection, evaluation of Socio-Economic status of the study

area, assessment of the possible chances to socio-economic issues arising out of the proposed activity &

contribution in EIA documentation.

Land Use (LU) Satish Borad Site visit, development of land use map of study area, prepare land use

classification and determine LULC of the area, prediction of impact on land use pattern, Suggest mitigation measures,

contribution in EIA report.

Hydrogeology

(HG & Geo)

Hardik Patel Site visit, understanding and

representing ground water conditions, identification of impacts, suggestion of mitigation measures and contribution of

EIA documentation.

Noise Ajay Dwivedi Site visit, selection of sampling

locations, review baseline noise levels, source & its compliance with permissible limits, contribution in EIA

documentation.

Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/authorized

person

I, Dr. Mahendra Sadaria, hereby confirm that the above mentioned experts

prepared the EIA of Essentials Pharma, Plot No. 19, S. No. 10/1, Vill: Hirasar,

Dist.: Rajkot, Gujarat. I also confirm that, the consultant organization shall be

fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature:

Name: Dr. Mahendra Sadaria

Designation: Director, Technical

Name of the EIA Consultant organization San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd.

NABET Certificate No. and date NABET/EIA/1316/SA0015

Annexure-I

Land possession document & NA order

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A-10

NOT

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A-11

Annexure-II

Undertaking from PP

\irx''f..a;:

*C,\

ERTAKING

. Jt

Secretary,

State Level Expert Appraisal Committee

c/o, Gularat Pollution Control Board,

Paryavaran Bhavan, Sector-1-0A,

Gandhinaaar-382010

I, Mrs. Ila Mendapara, aged 28 years, partner of Essentials Phar-."f r.:tF.ffimf;located at Plot No. 19, Survey No. 10/1, Village: Hirasar, Dist.: Rajkot;;16, u

-Cf;fffOg

thisundertaking- H,A g gdThat the company undertakes that; company proposed to produce bulk aF,$ € € E

MT/month and complying all the three conditions as per the amendm$rr in$tRo INotification,2O06 vide SO 1599 (E) dated 25.06.2O14 along wi!.h smalt scaifrfOr{tl"iuf ,

='o a fl6!category. I,I ; F4

That the company undertakes that; water consumption for''proposed u.ti$6 *S Od ff

less than 25 m3/day i,e, 3.570 m3/day. ? i - fr '

That the company undertakes that; fuel consumption will be less than ZS f#6fief€ru32TPD (Agro waste/agro briquettes).

That the company undertakes that, chemicais to be used are not covered in the

category of MAH units as per the Management, Storage & import of Hazardous

Chemical Rules (MSIHC Rules), 1989.

C]

PEDzxng

F

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tb

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That the company undertakes that, it will carry out the tree

outside the premises at appropriate places in surrounding area.

That the company undertakes that, content including information

is own by us and data or information not taken from.any other EIA

The company hereby declares that what is stated herein above is true to the best of

the company's knowledge and same I believed to be true,

plantation activities

& data of EIA report

reporu.

Date: L6/06/2Ot"7

Place: Rajkot

Book

PaBe

Name: Mrs. Ila Mendapara

Designation: Partner Adrnitted & ExeCgted;;J'"e "1;r:"* Me

mfr^*ffiffiA-12

:,aNo4-'stTtIT{

ffi-"n-*f^* / Enrollment No 1293/56337

oN

F

a^

6CttA.{ (sUtUAtO 4Lq<t .

ianen nasmurnuhai Mendapara

B-33

:""ir'J J:,T:l%na mava roa d

R31[3l t*"' colonv Kotda sansani Rajkor

Gujarat 360004

8469354556

177694623690 177b e40r' - '

uttttt? - ultFt{1qtil"t] r'tfilsta

ttI

Ref:9704 | 12C t 2osg443 '^nt::lL:

o 1776 9462

* {g€rrffir-u6atadi (suluattj deuet

.

i"uen r'rastuxnohai MendaPara

r".+ ct{lu t ooe: '18/01/1989

e{l / Femate

A-13

Annexure-III

Material Safety Data Sheet

p. 1

0 3 0

He a lt h

Fire

Re a c t iv it y

Pe rs o n a lPro t e c t io n

3

0

0

J

Material Safety Data SheetIodine MSDS

Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification

Product Name: Iodine

Catalog Codes: SLI1513

CAS#: 7553-56-2

RTECS: NN1575000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Iodine

CI#: Not available.

Synonym:

Chemical Name: Iodine

Chemical Formula: I2

Contact Information:

Sciencelab.com, Inc.14025 Smith Rd.Houston, Texas 77396

US Sales: 1-800-901-7247International Sales: 1-281-441-4400

Order Online: ScienceLab.com

CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:1-800-424-9300

International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887

For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400

Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients

Composition:

Name CAS # % by Weight

Iodine 7553-56-2 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Iodine: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 14000 mg/kg [Rat]. 22000 mg/kg [Mouse].

Section 3: Hazards Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects:Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skincontact (corrosive), of eye contact (corrosive). Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator). The amount of tissuedamage depends on length of contact. Eye contact can result in corneal damage or blindness. Skin contact can produceinflammation and blistering. Inhalation of dust will produce irritation to gastro-intestinal or respiratory tract, characterized byburning, sneezing and coughing. Severe over-exposure can produce lung damage, choking, unconsciousness or death.Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation is characterized by itching,scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS:Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTALTOXICITY: Not available. The substance is toxic to thyroid. The substance may be toxic to blood, kidneys, liver, skin, eyes.Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated exposure of the eyesto a low level of dust can produce eye irritation. Repeated skin exposure can produce local skin destruction, or dermatitis.Repeated inhalation of dust can produce varying degree of respiratory irritation or lung damage.

A-14

http://www.sciencelab.com/

p. 2

Section 4: First Aid Measures

Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Cold water may be used. WARM water MUST be used. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin Contact:In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothingand shoes. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Getmedical attention immediately.

Serious Skin Contact:Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek medical attention.

Inhalation:If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medicalattention.

Serious Inhalation:Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Ifbreathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. WARNING: It maybe hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious orcorrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.

Ingestion:Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconsciousperson. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention if symptoms appear.

Serious Ingestion: Not available.

Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data

Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable.

Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not applicable.

Flash Points: Not applicable.

Flammable Limits: Not applicable.

Products of Combustion: Not available.

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Not applicable.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product inpresence of static discharge: Not available.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:Ignition on contact with bromine, ... chlorine trifluoride, ...metals (powdered) + water, aluminum-titanium alloys + heat, metalacetylides, ... nonmetals, ... sodium phosphinate. Incandescent reaction with cesium oxide (above 150 deg C), brominetrifluoride, metal acetylides or carbides [e.g. barium acetylide (above 122 deg C), calcium acetylide (above 305 deg C),strontium acetylide (above 182 deg C), zirconium acetylide (above 400 degC)]. Magnesium burns vigorously when heated withiodine vapor. Iodine unites with fluorine at ordinary temperature with a luminous flame

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:Explosive reactions with iodine and: hafnium powder + heat; tetraamine copper (II) sulfate + ethanol; trioxygen difluoride;polyacetylene (at 113 deg. C); potassium; sodium; butadiene+ ethanol +mercuric oxide;

Section 6: Accidental Release Measures

A-15

p. 3

Small Spill: Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container.

Large Spill:Corrosive solid. Stop leak if without risk. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray toreduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal. Becareful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.

Section 7: Handling and Storage

Precautions:Keep container dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe dust. Never add water to this product. In case of insufficient ventilation,wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoidcontact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metals.

Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Do not store above 25°C (77°F).

Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Engineering Controls:Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommendedexposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminantsbelow the exposure limit.

Personal Protection:Splash goggles. Synthetic apron. Vapor and dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent.Gloves.

Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor and dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used toavoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handlingthis product.

Exposure Limits:STEL: 1 (mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] STEL: 0.1 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 1 CEIL: 1 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 0.1 CEIL: 0.1 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] STEL: 0.1 (ppm) [UnitedKingdom (UK)] STEL: 1.1 (mg/m3) [United Kingdom (UK)]Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.

Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical state and appearance: Solid.

Odor: Sharp Characteristic. (Strong.)

Taste: Not available.

Molecular Weight: 253.81 g/mole

Color: Purple solid with metalic luster. (Dark.)

pH (1% soln/water): Not available.

Boiling Point: 184.4°C (363.9°F)

Melting Point: 113.7°C (236.7°F)

Critical Temperature: Not available.

Specific Gravity: 4.93 (Water = 1)

Vapor Pressure: Not applicable.

A-16

p. 4

Vapor Density: Not available.

Volatility: Not available.

Odor Threshold: Not available.

Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is more soluble in oil; log(oil/water) = 2.5

Ionicity (in Water): Not available.

Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, methanol, diethyl ether.

Solubility:Easily soluble in diethyl ether. Soluble in methanol. Very slightly soluble in cold water, hot water.

Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data

Stability: The product is stable.

Instability Temperature: Not available.

Conditions of Instability: Heat, direct sunlight, incompatible materials

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metals.

Corrosivity:Extremely corrosive in presence of steel, of stainless steel(304), of stainless steel(316). Non-corrosive in presence of glass, ofaluminum, of copper.

Special Remarks on Reactivity:Incompatible with liquid chlorine, acetaldehyde, ammonia, salt + ethanol, ammonium hydroxide, methyl alcohol, antimony,silver azide, lithium, potasssium , sodium, phosphorous, bromine pentafluoride, fluorine, oxygen difluoride, magnesium,finely divided metals, organic solvents, rubber goods, plastics, zinc, aluminum, alkali metals, sulphur, ammonia solutions,Bromine trifluoride, reducing agents, iron, ethanol + butadiene; ethanol + phosphorous; ethanol + methanol + HgO; foramide+ pyrindine + sulfur trioxide; formamide; halogens or interhalogens; mercuric oxide; metal carbides; oxygen; pyridine; sodiumhydride. Violent reaction with iodine and aluminum + diethyl ether ... (and) titanium (above 113 deg C)

Special Remarks on Corrosivity:Corrodes steel. No corrosive effect on bronze

Polymerization: Will not occur.

Section 11: Toxicological Information

Routes of Entry: Inhalation. Ingestion.

Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 14000 mg/kg [Rat].

Chronic Effects on Humans:Causes damage to the following organs: thyroid. May cause damage to the following organs: blood, kidneys, liver, skin, eyes.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive), ofeye contact (corrosive). Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator).

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals:Lowest Published Lethal Dose: LDL [Human] - Route: Oral; Dose: 28 mg/kg LCL [Rat] - Route: Inhalation; Dose: 137 ppm/1H

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: May cause adverse reproductive effects (effects on new born).

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Corrosive action skin. Causes skin irritation and burns. It is corrosive and can causepenetrating lesions and brown staining. It can be absorbed by the skin. Eyes: Causes eye irritation and burns. May causeconjunctivitis. Exposure to vapor can cause burning sensation in the eyes, tearing, inflammation of the eye lids. Exposure

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to high concentrations of vapor can cause Dendritic Keratitis in which the corneal epithelium is sloughed off. Inhalation:Excessive inhalation of iodine vapors may cause respiratory tract, nasal, and mucous membrane irritation with possible burns.Symptoms may include coughing, tightness in the chest, burning sensations to the mucosal, tracheal, and pulmonary tissues,rhinitis, dyspnea/respiratory distress, coughing, sneezing, pulmonary edema, chemical pneumonitis, edema of the larynx andbronchi, pharyngitis, swelling of the parotid gland, and cachexia. High exposure may lead to lung disease and may also affectbehavior/central nervous system (delirium, hallucination, depression, seizure, dizziness, headache, stupor, somnolence).Ingestion: Ingestion of large doses may cause irritation of mouth of the digestive tract with thirst, nausea, vomiting, abdominalpain, hypermotility, and diarrhea, staining of mouth, esophagus, lips, mucous membranes, metallic taste, abdominal pain,fever. It ma y also affect the cardiovascular system (tachycardia, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse), behavior/centralnervous system(delirium, dizziness, headache, hallucinations, seizures,

Section 12: Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity: Not available.

BOD5 and COD: Not available.

Products of Biodegradation:Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.

Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The product itself and its products of degradation are not toxic.

Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.

Section 13: Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal:Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.

Section 14: Transport Information

DOT Classification: Class 8: Corrosive material

Identification: : Corrosive Solid, n.o.s (Iodine) UNNA: 1759 PG: III

Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.

Section 15: Other Regulatory Information

Federal and State Regulations:Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Iodine Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Iodine PennsylvaniaRTK: Iodine Minnesota: Iodine Massachusetts RTK: Iodine Massachusetts spill list: Iodine New Jersey: Iodine CaliforniaDirector's List of Hazardous Substances: Iodine TSCA 8(b) inventory: Iodine

Other Regulations:OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on theEuropean Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.

Other Classifications:

WHMIS (Canada):CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). CLASS E: Corrosive solid.

DSCL (EEC):R38- Irritating to skin. R41- Risk of serious damage to eyes. S2- Keep out of the reach of children. S26- In case of contact witheyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S39- Wear eye/face protection. S46- If swallowed, seekmedical advice immediately and show this container or label.

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HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 3

Fire Hazard: 0

Reactivity: 0

Personal Protection: j

National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):

Health: 3

Flammability: 0

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:

Protective Equipment:Gloves. Synthetic apron. Vapor and dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wearappropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Splash goggles.

Section 16: Other Information

References: Not available.

Other Special Considerations: Not available.

Created: 10/11/2005 12:09 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM

The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, wemake no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assumeno liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information fortheir particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or forlost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if ScienceLab.comhas been advised of the possibility of such damages.

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Material Safety Data SheetMethyl alcohol MSDS


Product Name: Methyl alcohol

Catalog Codes: SLM3064, SLM3952

CAS#: 67-56-1

RTECS: PC1400000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Methyl alcohol

CI#: Not applicable.

Synonym: Wood alcohol, Methanol; Methylol; WoodSpirit; Carbinol

Chemical Name: Methanol

Chemical Formula: CH3OH









Composition:


Methyl alcohol 67-56-1 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Methyl alcohol: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 5628 mg/kg [Rat]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 15800mg/kg [Rabbit]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 64000 ppm 4 hours [Rat].


Potential Acute Health Effects:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case ofskin contact (permeator). Severe over-exposure can result in death.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer). CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS:Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: ClassifiedPOSSIBLE for human. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance is toxic to eyes. The substance may betoxic to blood, kidneys, liver, brain, peripheral nervous system, upper respiratory tract, skin, central nervous system (CNS),optic nerve. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated exposure to ahighly toxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs.


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Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelidsopen. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention.

Skin Contact:In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothingand shoes. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Cold water may be used.Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly cleanshoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately.

Serious Skin Contact:Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medicalattention.

Inhalation:If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medicalattention immediately.


Ingestion:If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to anunconscious person. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention immediately.



Flammability of the Product: Flammable.

Auto-Ignition Temperature: 464°C (867.2°F)

Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 12°C (53.6°F). OPEN CUP: 16°C (60.8°F).

Flammable Limits: LOWER: 6% UPPER: 36.5%

Products of Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2).

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Highly flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Non-flammable in presence of shocks.

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Explosive in presence of open flames andsparks, of heat.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions:Flammable liquid, soluble or dispersed in water. SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use alcohol foam,water spray or fog.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. Vapor may travel considerable distance to source of ignitionand flash back. When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. CAUTION: MAY BURN WITH NEARINVISIBLE FLAME

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:Forms an explosive mixture with air due to its low flash point. Explosive when mixed with Choroform + sodium methoxide anddiethyl zinc. It boils violently and explodes.


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Small Spill:Dilute with water and mop up, or absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal container.

Large Spill:Flammable liquid. Poisonous liquid. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk.Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilledmaterial. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Callfor assistance on disposal. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on theMSDS and with local authorities.


Precautions:Keep locked up.. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Donot ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wearsuitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoidcontact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, metals, acids.

Storage:Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed andsealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame).


Engineering Controls:Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respectivethreshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-station location.

Personal Protection:Splash goggles. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.

Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoidinhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling thisproduct.

Exposure Limits:TWA: 200 from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 200 STEL: 250 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] [1999] STEL: 250from NIOSH [United States] TWA: 200 STEL: 250 (ppm) from NIOSH SKIN TWA: 200 STEL: 250 (ppm) [Canada] Consultlocal authorities for acceptable exposure limits.


Physical state and appearance: Liquid.

Odor: Alcohol like. Pungent when crude.



Color: Colorless.

pH (1% soln/water): Not available.

Boiling Point: 64.5°C (148.1°F)

Melting Point: -97.8°C (-144°F)

Critical Temperature: 240°C (464°F)

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Vapor Pressure: 12.3 kPa (@ 20°C)

Vapor Density: 1.11 (Air = 1)


Odor Threshold: 100 ppm

Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is more soluble in water; log(oil/water) = -0.8

Ionicity (in Water): Non-ionic.

Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water.

Solubility: Easily soluble in cold water, hot water.




Conditions of Instability: Heat, ingnition sources, incompatible materials

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, metals, acids.

Corrosivity: Non-corrosive in presence of glass.

Special Remarks on Reactivity:Can react vigorously with oxidizers. Violent reaction with alkyl aluminum salts, acetyl bromide, chloroform + sodium methoxide,chromic anhydride, cyanuirc chlorite, lead perchlorate, phosphorous trioxide, nitric acid. Exothermic reaction with sodiumhydroxide + chloroform. Incompatible with beryllium dihydride, metals (potassium and magnesium), oxidants (bariumperchlorate, bromine, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide), potassium tert-butoxide, carbon tetrachloride, alkalimetals, metals (aluminum, potassium magnesium, zinc), and dichlormethane. Rapid autocatalytic dissolution of aluminum,magnesium or zinc in 9:1 methanol + carbon tetrachloride - sufficiently vigorous to be rated as potentially hazardous. Mayattack some plastics, rubber, and coatings.

Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available.



Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.

Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 5628 mg/kg [Rat]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 15800 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50):64000 4 hours [Rat].

Chronic Effects on Humans:MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENICEFFECTS: Classified POSSIBLE for human. Causes damage to the following organs: eyes. May cause damage to thefollowing organs: blood, kidneys, liver, brain, peripheral nervous system, upper respiratory tract, skin, central nervous system(CNS), optic nerve.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator).

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:

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Passes through the placental barrier. May affect genetic material. May cause birth defects and adverse reproductiveeffects(paternal and maternal effects and fetotoxicity ) based on animal studies.

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:


Ecotoxicity: Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 29400 mg/l 96 hours [Fathead Minnow].



Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself.

Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation:Methanol in water is rapidly biodegraded and volatilized. Aquatic hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, adsorption to sediment, andbioconcentration are not significant fate processes. The half-life of methanol in surfact water ranges from 24 hrs. to 168 hrs.Based on its vapor pressure, methanol exists almost entirely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. It is degraded byreaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and has an estimated half-life of 17.8 days. Methanol is physicallyremoved from air by rain due to its solubility. Methanol can react with NO2 in pollulted to form methyl nitrate. The half-life ofmethanol in air ranges from 71 hrs. (3 days) to 713 hrs. (29.7 days) based on photooxidation half-life in air.




DOT Classification: CLASS 3: Flammable liquid.

Identification: : Methyl alcohol UNNA: 1230 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Methyl alcohol Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Methyl alcoholIllinois chemical safety act: Methyl alcohol New York release reporting list: Methyl alcohol Rhode Island RTK hazardoussubstances: Methyl alcohol Pennsylvania RTK: Methyl alcohol Minnesota: Methyl alcohol Massachusetts RTK: Methylalcohol Massachusetts spill list: Methyl alcohol New Jersey: Methyl alcohol New Jersey spill list: Methyl alcohol Louisianaspill reporting: Methyl alcohol California Directors List of Hazardous Substances (8CCR 339): Methyl alcohol TennesseHazardous Right to Know : Methyl alcohol TSCA 8(b) inventory: Methyl alcohol SARA 313 toxic chemical notification andrelease reporting: Methyl alcohol CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Methyl alcohol: 5000 lbs. (2268 kg)



WHMIS (Canada):CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8°C (100°F). CLASS D-1B: Material causing immediate andserious toxic effects (TOXIC). CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). Class D-2B: Material causingother toxic effects (TOXIC).

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DSCL (EEC):R11- Highly flammable. R23/24/25- Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R39- Danger of very seriousirreversible effects. R39/23/24/25- Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin andif swallowed. S7- Keep container tightly closed. S16- Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. S36/37- Wear suitableprotective clothing and gloves. S45- In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the labelwhere possible).

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 2

Fire Hazard: 3

Reactivity: 0

Personal Protection: h


Health: 1

Flammability: 3

Reactivity: 0

Specific hazard:

Protective Equipment:Gloves. Lab coat. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respiratorwhen ventilation is inadequate. Splash goggles.


References:-SAX, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Indutrial Materials. Toronto, Van Nostrand Reinold, 6e ed. 1984. -Material safetydata sheet emitted by: la Commission de la SantÃ© et de la SÃ©curitÃ© du Travail du QuÃ©bec. -Hawley, G.G.. TheCondensed Chemical Dictionary, 11e ed., New York N.Y., Van Nostrand Reinold, 1987. LOLI, HSDB, RTECS, HAZARDTEXT,REPROTOX databases


Created: 10/10/2005 08:23 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Material Safety Data SheetPotassium hydroxide MSDS


Product Name: Potassium hydroxide

Catalog Codes: SLP4096, SLP3085, SLP4900, SLP2071

CAS#: 1310-58-3

RTECS: TT2100000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Potassium hydroxide

CI#: Not available.

Synonym:

Chemical Name: Potassium Hydroxide

Chemical Formula: KOH









Composition:


Potassium hydroxide 1310-58-3 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Potassium hydroxide: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 273 mg/kg [Rat].


Potential Acute Health Effects:Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant), of eye contact (irritant, corrosive), of ingestion, of inhalation.The amount of tissue damage depends on length of contact. Eye contact can result in corneal damage or blindness. Skincontact can produce inflammation and blistering. Inhalation of dust will produce irritation to gastro-intestinal or respiratorytract, characterized by burning, sneezing and coughing. Severe over-exposure can produce lung damage, choking,unconsciousness or death. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation ischaracterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells.TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic toupper respiratory tract, skin, eyes. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.Repeated exposure of the eyes to a low level of dust can produce eye irritation. Repeated skin exposure can produce localskin destruction, or dermatitis. Repeated inhalation of dust can produce varying degree of respiratory irritation or lung damage.

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Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately.


Serious Skin Contact:Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medicalattention.



Ingestion:Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconsciousperson. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar,tie, belt or waistband.








Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: metals, acids

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product inpresence of static discharge: Not available.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:Violent reaction or ignition under appropriate conditions with acids, alcohols, p-bis(1,3-dibromoethyl) benzene,cyclopentadiene, germanium, hyponitrous acid, maleic anhydride, nitroalkanes, 2-nitrophenol, potassium peroxodisulfate,sugars, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol, thorium dicarbide. Molten ortho -nitrophenol reacts violently with potassium hydroxide.When potassium hydroxide and tetrachloroethane are heated, a spontaneously flammable gas, chloroacetylene, is formed.When phosphorus is boiled in a solution of potassium hydroxide, phosphine gas is evolved which is spontaneously flammable.1,2-Dichloroethylene and Potassium hydroxide reaction produces chloroacetylene which is spontaneously flammable in air.Potassium Persulfate and a little Potassium hydroxide and water will ignite. When wet, attacks metals such as aluminum, tin,lead, and zinc, producing flammable hydrogen gas.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:

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Potentially explosive reaction with bromoform + crown ethers, chlorine dioxide, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitrogentrichloride, peroxidized tetrahydrofuran, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Reaction with ammonium hexachloroplatiate(2-) + heat formsheat sensitive explosive product. Potassium hydroxide will cause explosive decomposition of maleic anhydride. Detonation willoccur when potassiuim hydroxide is mixed with n-methyl-nitroso urea and methylene chloride. Nitrogen trichloride explodes oncontact with potassium hydroxide.


Small Spill:Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. If necessary: Neutralize the residue witha dilute solution of acetic acid.

Large Spill:Corrosive solid. Stop leak if without risk. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water sprayto reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal.Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of acetic acid. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration levelabove TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.


Precautions:Keep container dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe dust. Never add water to this product. In case of insufficient ventilation,wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoidcontact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as organic materials, metals, acids, moisture.

Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Do not store above 23°C (73.4°F).





Exposure Limits:CEIL: 2 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] CEIL: 2 (mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] Consult localauthorities for acceptable exposure limits.


Physical state and appearance: Solid. (Solid pellets.)

Odor: Odorless.



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Color: White.

pH (1% soln/water): 13 [Basic.]

Boiling Point: Decomposition temperature: 1384°C (2523.2°F)

Melting Point: 380°C (716°F)







Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.



Solubility:Easily soluble in cold water, hot water. Insoluble in diethyl ether.




Conditions of Instability: Incompatible materials, dust generation, exposure to moist air or water.

Incompatibility with various substances:Highly reactive with acids. Reactive with organic materials, metals, moisture.

Corrosivity:Extremely corrosive in presence of aluminum, brass, and zinc. Slightly corrosive in presence of copper, of stainless steel(304).Non-corrosive in presence of stainless steel(316).

Special Remarks on Reactivity:Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from air). When dissolved in water or alcohol or when the solution is treated with acid, muchheat is generated. Reacts violently with acids, halogens, halogenated hydrocarbons, maleic anhydride, organic anhydrides,isocyanates, alkylene oxides, epichlorhydrin, aldehydes, alcohols, gylcols, phenols, cresols, caprolactum solution. Alsoincompatible with nitro compounds (nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitrogen trichloride), organic materials, acid anhydrides, acidchlorides, magnesium, peroxidized tetrahydrofuran, chlorine dioxide, maleic dicarbide, sugars. When wet attacks metals suchas aluminum, tin, lead, and zinc.

Special Remarks on Corrosivity:When wet, attacks metals such as aluminum, tin, lead, and zinc, producing flammable hydrogen gas. Severe corrosive effecton brass and bronze.



Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Inhalation. Ingestion.

Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 273 mg/kg [Rat].

Chronic Effects on Humans:

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MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. May cause damage to the following organs: upperrespiratory tract, skin, eyes.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Extremely hazardous in case of inhalation (lung corrosive). Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant), of eyecontact (corrosive), of ingestion, .

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: May affect genetic material based on animal data.

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Causes severe skin irritation and burns. Eyes: Causes severe eye irritation andburns. May cause irreversible eye injury. Inhalation: Causes severe irritation and burns of the respiratory tract and mucousmembranes. Irritation may lead to chemical pneumonitis Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. May cause severe and permanentdamage to the digestive tract. Causes severe irritation and burns of the gastrointestinal (digestive) tract with abdominal pain,vomiting and possible death. May cause perforation of the digestive tract. Chronic Potential Health Effects: Chronic contactwith dilute solutions of potassium hydroxide can cause dermatitis. Inhalation can produce chronic productive cough, andshortness of breath.


Ecotoxicity: Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 80 mg/l 24 hours [Mosquito Fish].



Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself.






Identification: : Potassium hydroxide, solid UNNA: 1813 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:New York release reporting list: Potassium hydroxide Pennsylvania RTK: Potassium hydroxide Florida: Potassium hydroxideMinnesota: Potassium hydroxide Massachusetts RTK: Potassium hydroxide New Jersey: Potassium hydroxide CaliforniaDirector's List of Hazardous Substances: Potassium hydroxide TSCA 8(b) inventory: Potassium hydroxide CERCLA:Hazardous substances.: Potassium hydroxide: 1000 lbs. (453.6 kg)


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WHMIS (Canada):CLASS D-1B: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects (TOXIC). CLASS E: Corrosive solid.

DSCL (EEC):

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 3

Fire Hazard: 0

Reactivity: 2



Health: 3

Flammability: 0

Reactivity: 1

Specific hazard:





Created: 10/10/2005 08:23 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


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Material Safety Data SheetSodium hydroxide MSDS


Product Name: Sodium hydroxide

Catalog Codes: SLS3298, SLS1081, SLS2503, SLS3925,SLS1705

CAS#: 1310-73-2

RTECS: WB4900000

TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Sodium hydroxide

CI#: Not available.

Synonym: Caustic Soda

Chemical Name: Sodium Hydroxide

Chemical Formula: NaOH









Composition:


Sodium hydroxide 1310-73-2 100

Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Sodium hydroxide LD50: Not available. LC50: Not available.


Potential Acute Health Effects:Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant, corrosive), of ingestion,of inhalation. The amount of tissue damage depends on length of contact. Eye contact can result in corneal damage orblindness. Skin contact can produce inflammation and blistering. Inhalation of dust will produce irritation to gastro-intestinal orrespiratory tract, characterized by burning, sneezing and coughing. Severe over-exposure can produce lung damage, choking,unconsciousness or death. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation ischaracterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.

Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells.TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic tomucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce targetorgans damage. Repeated exposure of the eyes to a low level of dust can produce eye irritation. Repeated skin exposure canproduce local skin destruction, or dermatitis. Repeated inhalation of dust can produce varying degree of respiratory irritation orlung damage.

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Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately.


Serious Skin Contact:Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek medical attention.



Ingestion:Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconsciousperson. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar,tie, belt or waistband.








Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: metals

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product inpresence of static discharge: Not available. Slightly explosive in presence of heat.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not available

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:sodium hydroxide + zinc metal dust causes ignition of the latter. Under proper conditions of temperature, pressure and stateof division, it can ignite or react violently with acetaldehyde, ally alcohol, allyl chloride, benzene-1,4-diol, chlorine trifluoride,1,2 dichlorethylene, nitroethane, nitromethane, nitroparaffins, nitropropane, cinnamaldehyde, 2,2-dichloro-3,3-dimethylbutane.Sodium hydroxide in contact with water may generate enough heat to ignite adjacent combustible materials. Phosphorousboiled with NaOH yields mixed phosphines which may ignite spontanously in air. sodium hydroxide and cinnamaldehyde +heat may cause ignition. Reaction with certain metals releases flammable and explosive hydrogen gas.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:Sodium hydroxide reacts to form explosive products with ammonia + silver nitrate. Benzene extract of allyl benzenesulfonateprepared from allyl alcohol, and benzene sulfonyl chloride in presence of aquesous sodium hydroxide, under vacuumdistillation, residue darkened and exploded. Sodium Hydroxde + impure tetrahydrofuran, which can contain peroxides, can

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cause serious explosions. Dry mixtures of sodium hydroxide and sodium tetrahydroborate liberate hydrogen explosively at230-270 deg. C. Sodium Hydroxide reacts with sodium salt of trichlorophenol + methyl alcohol + trichlorobenzene + heat tocause an explosion.


Small Spill:Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. If necessary: Neutralize the residue witha dilute solution of acetic acid.

Large Spill:Corrosive solid. Stop leak if without risk. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water sprayto reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal.Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of acetic acid. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration levelabove TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.


Precautions:Keep container dry. Do not breathe dust. Never add water to this product. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitablerespiratory equipment. If you feel unwell, seek medical attention and show the label when possible. Avoid contact with skinand eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metals, acids, alkalis, moisture.

Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Hygroscopic. Deliquescent.





Exposure Limits:STEL: 2 (mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] TWA: 2 CEIL: 2 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] CEIL: 2 (mg/m3) from NIOSHConsult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.


Physical state and appearance: Solid. (Deliquescent solid.)

Odor: Odorless.


Molecular Weight: 40 g/mole

Color: White.

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pH (1% soln/water): 13.5 [Basic.]

Boiling Point: 1388°C (2530.4°F)

Melting Point: 323°C (613.4°F)







Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.



Solubility: Easily soluble in cold water.




Conditions of Instability: Incompatible materials, moisture, moist air

Incompatibility with various substances:Highly reactive with metals. Reactive with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acids, alkalis, moisture.

Corrosivity: Not available.

Special Remarks on Reactivity:Hygroscopic. Much heat is evolved when solid material is dissolved in water. Therefore cold water and caution must be usedfor this process. Sodium hydroxide solution and octanol + diborane during a work-up of a reaction mixture of oxime anddiborane in tetrahyrofuran is very exothermic, a mild explosion being noted on one occassion. Reactive with water, acids(mineral, non-oxidizing, e.g. hydrochloric, hydrofluoric acid, muriatic acid, phosphoric), acids (mineral, oxidizing e.g. chromicacid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid), acids (organic e.g. acetic acid, benzoic acid, formic acid, methanoic acid,oxalic acid), aldehydes (e.g. acetaldehyde, acrolein, chloral hydrate, foraldehyde), carbamates (e.g. carbanolate, carbofuran),esters (e.g. butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl formate), halogenated organics (dibromoethane, hexachlorobenzene, methylchloride, trichloroethylene), isocyanates (e.g. methyl isocyanate), ketones (acetone, acetophenone, MEK, MIBK), acidchlorides, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents, flammable liquids, powdered metals and metals (i.ealuminum, tin, zinc, hafnium, raney nickel), metals (alkali and alkaline e.g. cesium, potassium, sodium), metal compounds(toxic e.g. berylium, lead acetate, nickel carbonyl, tetraethyl lead), mitrides (e.g. potassium nitride, sodium nitride), nitriles(e.g. acetonitrile, methyl cyanide), nitro compounds (organic e.g. nitrobenzene, nitromethane), acetic anhydride, chlorohydrin,chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene cyanohydrin, glyoxal, hydrosulfuric acid, oleum, propiolactone, acylonitrile, phorosous pentoxide,chloroethanol, chloroform-methanol, tetrahydroborate, cyanogen azide, 1,2,4,5 tetrachlorobenzene, cinnamaldehyde. Reactswith formaldehyde hydroxide to yield formic acid, and hydrogen.

Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Very caustic to aluminum and other metals in presence of moisture.



Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.

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Toxicity to Animals:LD50: Not available. LC50: Not available.

Chronic Effects on Humans:MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. May cause damage to the following organs: mucousmembranes, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Extremely hazardous in case of inhalation (lung corrosive). Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant,permeator), of eye contact (corrosive), of ingestion, .

Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals:Lowest Published Lethal Dose: LDL [Rabbit] - Route: Oral; Dose: 500 mg/kg

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: May affect genetic material. Investigation as a mutagen (cytogeneticanalysis)

Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:


Ecotoxicity: Not available.



Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The product itself and its products of degradation are not toxic.






Identification: : Sodium hydroxide, solid UNNA: 1823 PG: II



Federal and State Regulations:Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Sodium hydroxide Illinois chemical safety act: Sodium hydroxide NewYork release reporting list: Sodium hydroxide Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Sodium hydroxide PennsylvaniaRTK: Sodium hydroxide Minnesota: Sodium hydroxide Massachusetts RTK: Sodium hydroxide New Jersey: Sodium hydroxideLouisiana spill reporting: Sodium hydroxide California Director's List of Hazardous Substances: Sodium hydroxide TSCA 8(b)inventory: Sodium hydroxide CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Sodium hydroxide: 1000 lbs. (453.6 kg)


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WHMIS (Canada): CLASS E: Corrosive solid.

DSCL (EEC):R35- Causes severe burns. S26- In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.S37/39- Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection. S45- In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical adviceimmediately (show the label where possible).

HMIS (U.S.A.):

Health Hazard: 3

Fire Hazard: 0

Reactivity: 2



Health: 3

Flammability: 0

Reactivity: 1

Specific hazard:





Created: 10/09/2005 06:32 PM

Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM


A-37

Annexure-IV

NABET/QCI Certificate

Annexure-V

Undertaking by Consultant

0 5 !s ! . UNDERTAKING - ! $Jil

I, Dr. Mahendra Sadaria, EIA Coordinator of San Envirotech ~ v t 3 Ltd.

b g t X

located at 424, Medicine Market, Paldi Cross Road, Paldi, Al-~me bad 5 P

undertake that;

I undertake that, prescribed TORS have been complied with and the

submitted is factually correct.

I hereby declare that, what is sta

knowledge and same I believed to

Date: 01/02/2017

Place: Ahmedabad

ted

be

herein above

true.

Name: Dr.

is true to tl

Mahendra

Designation: EIA ~oordinatoi m

6683 8524293

Signature:

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Annexure-VI

Copy of Terms of Reference (TOR)

Scanned by CamScannerA-42

eia report of jay organics at

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