eie 2003 – save bestfacade · comprising an outer skin of glass and an inner wall constructed as...
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Gilles Flamant, ir - Xavier Loncour, irDivision of building Physics and Indoor Climate
BBRI - Belgian Building Research Institute
EIE 2003 – SAVE BESTFACADE
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TERMINOLOGY
prEN 13119 – Curtain Walling – Terminology‘Double Skin Facade : a curtain wall construction comprising an outer skin of glass and an inner wall constructed as a curtain wall that together with the outer skin provide the full function of a wall.’
No reference to ventilation !General term for this project
VENTILATED DOUBLE SKIN FACADE (VDSF)
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CLASSIFICATION OF VDSF
Distinction betweenVentilated double façadeVentilated double windowSame problematic but
described in different EN
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CLASSIFICATION OF VDSF
3 (independent) main criteria1. Type of ventilation
• Natural / Mechanical / Hybrid2. Partitioning of the air cavity
• VD Window• VDS Façade
– Partitioned by storey / Corridor façade / Shaft Box / Multi-storey / Louver facade
3. Ventilation mode• Indoor Air Curtain / Outdoor Air Curtain /
Air Supply / Air Exhaust / Buffer Mode
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Classification – type of ventilation
Type of ventilationNatural ventilation : PASSIVE FACADEMechanical ventilation : ACTIVE FACADEHybrid ventilation : INTERACTIVE FACADE
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Classification - partitioning
Partitioning of the air cavityVentilated Double WindowVentilated Double-Skin Facade
• Per storey - adjacent façade modules• Per storey - corridor facade• Shaft-box• Multi-storey• Multi-storey – louver window
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Classification – ventilation mode
INOUT
Air Curtain
Outdoor
INOUT
Indoor
INOUT
Air Supply
INOUT
Air Exhaust
INOUT
Buffer
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Classification – ventilation mode
Ventilation mode is independant of the two othercriteriaA VDSF can adopt severalventilation modes (mainly in naturally ventilated DSF)In this case presence of ventilation openings
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Classification
The origin of the ventilation air inside the air cavity (usually) gives an indication about the position of the insulating glazing panel
General rule:Ventilation of the air cavity with inside air –Insulating glazing panel placed at the outsideVentilation of the air cavity with outside air –Insulating glazing panel placed at the inside
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Possible concepts of VDSF
Type of
Partitioning1 type per façade
Vent. DoubleWindow
VDSFPer storey
VDSFCorridor
VDSFShaft-box
VDSFMulti-storey
Ventilationmode
≥1 type per facade
Indoor AirCurtain
Outdoor airCurtain
Air Supply Air Exhaust Buffer
ventilation1 per facade
NaturalHybridMechanical
Not all concepts are applied in practice
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Examples of VDSF
Type of
Partitioning1 type per façade
Vent. DoubleWindow
VDSFPer storey
VDSFCorridor
VDSFShaft-box
VDSFMulti-storey
Ventilationmode
≥1 type per facade
Indoor AirCurtain
Outdoor airCurtain
Air Supply Air Exhaust Buffer
ventilation1 per facade
NaturalHybridMechanical
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Example of VDSFAIRPORT GARDEN
Arch : Jaspers - Eyers
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North Galaxy BuildingArch : Jaspers – EyersFacades: Belgometal
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Examples of VDSF
Type of
Partitioning1 type per façade
Vent. DoubleWindow
VDSFPer storey
VDSFCorridor
VDSFShaft-box
VDSFMulti-storey
Ventilationmode
≥1 type per facade
Indoor AirCurtain
Outdoor airCurtain
Air Supply Air Exhaust Buffer
ventilation1 per facade
NaturalHybridMechanical
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18source: Gartner
Düsseldorf StadttorArch: Petzinka, Pink & Partners
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Example of VDSF
Type of
Partitioning1 type per façade
Vent. DoubleWindow
VDSFPer storey
VDSFCorridor
VDSFShaft-box
VDSFMulti-storey
Ventilationmode
≥1 type per facade
Indoor AirCurtain
Outdoor airCurtain
Air Supply Air Exhaust Buffer
ventilation1 per facade
NaturalHybridMechanical
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Example of VDSF
Type of
Partitioning1 type per façade
Vent. DoubleWindow
VDSFPer storey
VDSFCorridor
VDSFShaft-box
VDSFMulti-storey
Louver facade
Ventilationmode
≥1 type per facade
Indoor AirCurtain
Outdoor airCurtain
Air Supply Air Exhaust Buffer
ventilation1 per facade
NaturalHybridMechanical
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22BerlaymontArch : P. Lallemand, S. Beckers, Berlaymont 2000
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Examples of Buildings
equipped with VDSF in Belgium
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24Huis van de Vlaamse VolksvertegenwoordigersArch : Groep planning
GreensquareArch : Atelier de Genval – Archi + I
UCB DrogenbosArch Verhaegen
The Corporate VillageArch : Jaspers - Eyers
BerlaymontArch : B2000 – Beckers - l’allemand -
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25AULA MAGNAArch : Samyn & Partners
GalileeArch : Atelier d’Art Urbain
DVVArch : Groep planning
UCB CenterArch: Assar
BrussimoArch: Samyn & Partners
AULA MAGNAArch: Samyn & Partners
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Experience of BBRI
in relation with
Ventilated Double-Skin Facades
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The ‘Ventilated Double Façade’ project
Pre-normative research financed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs in BelgiumChecking where standards and regulations constitute problems for VDSF + propose solutions to improve these textsIntegral approach
Energy performances / Stability aspects / Safety in case of fire / Acoustics / Daylighting / …
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Example of difference between a VDSF and a curtain wall
Internal surface temperature by IR cameraCurtain wallClimate facade
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Acoustical performances of VDSF
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Indirect transmission via the air cavity (Flanking)
1. Dn,s,w (C;Ctr) = 56 (-1;-5) dB2. Dn,s,w (C;Ctr) = 35 (-1;-5) dB3. Dn,s,w (C;Ctr) = 50 (-1;-3) dB / 37 (0;-1) dB
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Security against fire
VDSF are posing specific problems
Working group « Facades » within the Ministry of Interior to tackle (a.o.) these problems
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Aspects related to standards – 1
Energy aspectsFaçade characteristics
Energy performance atBuilding level
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Aspects related to standards – 2
Daylighting
Acoustical performances
Security against fire
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Aspects related to standards – 3
Stability
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Website dedicated to Ventilated double facade
www.bbri.be/activefacades