eighteenth century political formations
TRANSCRIPT
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EIGHTEENTH CENTURY POLITICAL FORMATIONS
NCERT History
Class 7
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Objective
• To learn key conceptso ‘Jagirdari’ systemo ‘Ijaradari’ systemoDifference between Jagirdari and Ijardario Subadari and Diwani
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Mughal Rule in India
• MUGHAL RULE IN INDIA CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS:– 1526 TO 1707
– 1707 TO 1857
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GREAT MUGHALS 1526-1707
• BABUR (1526-1530)• HUMAYUN (1530-40 AND 1555)• AKBAR (1556-1605)• JAHANGIR (1605-27)• SHAHJAHAN (1628-1658)• AURANGZEB (1658-1707)
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LATER MUGHALS (1707-1857)
• FARRUKHSIYAR (1713-1717)• MUHAMAD SHAH RANGEELA (1719-
1748)• SHAH ALAM II (1760-1806)
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BREAKING UP OF MUGHAL EMPIRE
• Provinces of Bengal, Awadh and Hyderabad
• Rajputs holding Watan Jagirs
• Independent states of Marathas, Sikhs and Jats
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JAGIR
• A piece of land assigned to a government officer by the state.
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Jagirdari system• The officers of Mughal Goverment received their
salaries in two ways:– Cash from the State
– Granted jagirs (collected and enjoyed the land revenue equivalent to the amount of their salaries)
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Ijaradari (revenue farming)
• Ijara: lease, rent
• Ijaradar: lease-holder/contractor/revenue farmer
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Difference between Jagirdari & Ijardari
• In Ijaradari, contractor/lease-holder had freedom to assess and collect taxes from the peasants/cultivators
• In jagirdari system the state fixed the amount of revenue to be collected by jagirdars
• In Ijardari systems the role of bankers and money-lenders increased
• Naturally the system ruined agriculture
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Difference between Jagirdari & Ijardari
• The financial crisis accelerated the spread of the revenue farming system
• The revenue farmers, who rented lands for short periods, were concerned only to make the maximum profit
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Subadar and Diwan
• Subadar: Provincial Governor– Head of civil as well as military administration
• Diwan: Revenue chief of province
• each kept strict watch over the other (check and Balance)
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Check and Balance
This ended when subadar was also appointed as Diwan. Thus resulting into virtual independence of provinces.
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Next videoo Provinces of Bengal, Awadh and Hyderabad
o Their founder and Revenue system