ekologi mikroalga_2015
DESCRIPTION
ekologi mikroalgaTRANSCRIPT
ISOLATION AND ELUCIDATION OF MARINE-DERIVED FUNGAL SECONDARY METABOLITES
EKOLOGI MIKROALGABagian Bioteknologi Kelautan Departemen Teknologi Hasil PerairanFPIK IPB1
HABsMikroalga
3Mikroalga
4
Negev desert in Israel5Ekologi KimiaChemical ecologyis the study of thechemicals involved in the interactions of livingorganisms
6Ekologi Kimia Mikroalgathe study of biological and chemical interactions between microalgae in their aquatic environment
7MikroalgaMicro-AlgaeSingle cell microorganismAutotropik, CO2 sumber karbon dan cahaya sebagai sumber energi
8MikroalgaEukaryote excluded procaryotic CyanobacteriaTerdapat 50 ribu spesies
9Taksonomi Mikroalga6 grup: Bacillariophyta, Chlorophycophyta, Chrysophycophyta, Rhodophycophyta, Dinophyta, Cyanobacteria
KelompokCarotenoids1. Bacillariophyta (Diatom)-carotene -carotenerarely fucoxanthin
Tabellaria fenestrata10Taksonomi MikroalgaDivisiCarotenoids2. Chlorophycophyta
-carotene, -carotene rarely caroteneand lycopene, lutein
Coelastrum
Tetraedron
Scenedesmus
11Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Taksonomi MikroalgaDivisiCarotenoids3. Chrysophycophyta
-carotene, fucoxanthin
Odontella sinensis/ Biddulphia sinensis
16Taksonomi MikroalgaDivisiCarotenoids4. Rhodophycophyta
-carotene, zeaxanthinPorphyridium
Rhodella violacea
17Taksonomi MikroalgaDivisiCarotenoids5. Dinophyta (Pyrrophycophyta)
-carotene, peridinin,Neoperididnin dinoxanthin,neodinoxanthin
18Taksonomi MikroalgaFilumCarotenoids6. Cyanobacteria
-carotene, phycobilinsAnabaena torulosa
Phormidium subfuscum
Anabaena augstumnalis19Diatom vs. DinoflagellataCentrics (Order: Biddulphiales) & the Pennates (Order: Bacillariales)Two flagellaeCells are encased in transparent glass-like (silica) container, epitheca and hypothecaCells are covered by a theca (sheath) that can be smooth or ornamentedPhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis & absorb organic matter &/or engulf microbial preyUp to 100,000 species of diatoms have been recordedOf the 2000 species known, 60 species produce complex toxins
20
21Mikroalga
Wen et al. 2012Scaling up?22Habitat MikroalgaHabitat umum: perairan terbuka (fitoplankton)Permukaan bebatuan, tanaman tingkat tinggi di perairan dangkal (perifiton)
23Habitat MikroalgaPermukaan tanah dan bebatuan yang lembabDiisolasi dari hot springs glacial ice
24Habitat MikroalgaLight, water quality and temperature, availability of carbon and other essential nutrients, and depth or tidal exposureIn the tropics, algae grow on hard substrate like beach rock, coral reefs and on the roots of mangrove trees25Klasifikasi Berdasarkan HabitatHydrophilus; aquatic, free floating or completely submerged algaeEdaphic; TerestrialAerialCryophytic; living on ice and snow (Eg. Chlamydomonas)Symbionts or Endophytes; Symbiotic with fungi, Eg. Chroococcus, Nostoc,Chlorellaand Palmella; Lives inside the pteridophyte Azolla. Eg.Anabaena azollae.Endozoic; inside fresh water sponges, HydraParasites; Eg. Cephaleuros virescens
26Ekologi Terrestrial atau akuatikPlanktonik atau membentuk biofilm fototrofSome are endosymbiontsinlichens, plants, variousprotists, orspongesVisible blue-green blooms
27Ekologi DiatomFitoplanktonFreshwater or marineBloom-and-bust cycleBloom; dominate phytoplanktonBust; mucilage production till thermocline
28Ekologi ChlorophycophytaFreshwater or marine, some aerial Chlorococcales Planktonic (Volvocalean & chlorooccalean) or benthicAttach to substrateSymbiotic: Chlorella pada HydraCommercial: Dunaliella (glycerol & -carotene)Winter: Ulothrix, Spring: Stigeoclonium, Summer: Oedogonium
29Ekologi RhodophycophytaFreshwater or marineTropical to polar watersEpiphytesParasites reduce pigment
30Ekologi DinophytaMostly marine, some FreshwaterPlanktonic, mostly in warmer watersBenthic/SymbioticParasit pada invertebrates, ikanPhagocytic pada algaeBrown or red tidesToxic: saxitoxin (PSP), brevetoxin (NSP), ciguatoxin (CFP)Luminescent31Luciferin-luciferase system pada Noctiluca scintillans
Ekologi CyanobacteriaTerrestrial atau akuatikFreshwater or marine, planktonic or benthic Fotosintesis & fiksasi nitrogenSome anoxygenic photosynthesisSynechoccus can tolerate T 74 deg CEg. Geothermal di Yellowstone park, distribusi Cyanobacteria tergantung pada kandungan sulfit, semakin tinggi sulfit, pertumbuhan Cyanobacteria makin lambat
33Ekologi CyanobacteriaAntarctic lakes: Phormidium & LyngbyaSalt concentrates (evaporation), eg. SpirulinaAfrican Rift Valley; food for flamingosSpirulina for foodBlooms in Baltic Sea: Nodularia, Aphanizomenon
34Mikroalga
Chisti 200835ReferencesA biology of the algae. Philip SzeMicro-algal biotechnology. Borowitzka & BorowitzkaFreshwater Algae http://www.algaekey.com/http://www.algaebase.org/http://www.oilgae.comhttp://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/redtide/education.htmlCulture Collection of Autotrophic Organisms http://www.butbn.cas.cz
36