Elbow, Wrist, and Hand

Elbow and Forearm

• Anatomy Involved:– Humerus: longest and largest bone in UE– Radius: lateral bone– Ulna: medial bone (longer than radius)– Group of ligaments & tendons– Surrounded by Capsule

• Lubricates joint via synovial fluid• Hinged Joint• Supplied with Veins and Arteries

– Major arteries are• Radial and Ulnar

BONES!!!

Injuries to the Elbow and Arm• Fractures• Dislocations or Subluxations

– Falls on outstretched arm– Limb is twisted severely

• Contusions• Sprains

– Hyperextension- overextending the elbow• Synovitis or Bursitis

– Repeated stressful motions – Direct trauma

• Epicondylitis– Inflammation of epicondyle– “tennis elbow” or “golfer’s elbow”

• Biceps Brachii Rupture– Assist in flexion of elbow– Assist in rotation of the hands– Rupture occurs with pulling motion (gymnists, rowing, weight lifting)

ABILITY TO MOVE ?

• Flexion and Extension– Muscles involved are above and below the

elbow joint

• Supination– Palm facing up (“Serving supper”)

• Pronation– Palm face down

Injuries• Fractures :

• Elbow Dislocation

MORE INJURIES• Contusion

• Bursitis

More-More Injuries

• Golfer’s Elbow • Tennis Elbow

The Wrist and Hand

Anatomy of Wrist and Hand

• Wrist– Made up of 8 bones

(carpals)• Tightly bound with

synovial joints between them.

• Very little movement

– Muscles• Originate @ humerus

– Flexors are anterior– Extensors are posterior

• Hand– 5 Metacarpals and the

digits (fingers)• Each articulate one

another• Long bones #’d 1-5• 2-5 have 3 phalanges• 1 (thumb) only has 2

phalanges– Held by ligaments

– Muscles• Originate @ humerus

– Flexors are anterior– Extensors are posterior

• WRIST• HAND

Carpal Bones• Some Lovers Try Positions They Can’t Handle

• Scottish Lads Take Prostitutes To The Caledonian Hotel

– Scaphoid (a)– Lunate (b)– Triquetral (c)– Pisiform (d)– Trapezium (e)– Trapezoid (f)– Capitate (g)– Hamate (h)

What they can do????

• Wrist– Flexion/Extension– Radial /Ulnar Deviation

• Shifting towards the opposite bone

• Hand– Flexion/Extension– Adduction

• Towards the body/part

– Abduction• Away from body/part

All sorts of Movement

INJURIES• Fractures• Dislocations/subluxations• Contusions• Sprains

– Gamekeeper’s Thumb• Impingement

– Carpal Tunnel• Tendonitis

– de Quervain’s – Tenosynovitis• Cysts (wrist)

– Ganglion – fluid filled sac in synovial membrane that penetrates the tendon sheath

• Mallet finger– Caused by direct blow to outstretched finger– Baseball, volleyball, basketball– Tearing of tendon– Also called “Jersey Finger”

• Buttonhole (Boutonniere) Deformity– Rupture of tendon in middle phalanx– Caused by a force pushing the upper-joint (excessive flexion)

Pretty Pictures

• Fractures: Rolando Fx • Dislocations: Bennett’s Fx and Dislocation

DID SOMEBODY SAY MMOOORE ????

• Mallet Finger • Boutonniere Deformity