election of 1800
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Election of 1800. Revolution of 1800 Jefferson defeats Adams 1 st peaceful transfer of power from one party to another Adams last Federalist President. Jeffersonian Democracy. Political Party:. Democratic-Republican. Strict. Constitutional Interpretation:. Pro - Farmer. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Election of 1800Revolution of 1800
Jefferson defeats Adams 1st peaceful transfer
of power from one party to another
Adams last Federalist President
Jeffersonian DemocracyPolitical Party:Democratic-Republican
Pro - Farmer States Rights
Constitutional Interpretation:Strict
Wanted democratic society of small, independent farmers
Favored limited government, popular education, protection of civil liberties
Revolution of 1800: triumph of common citizen over the aristocracy, peaceful transition to another party
Jefferson the Man
Government PhilosophyLaissez – Faire: Leave it alone
Goal: Smaller Government
Reduce DebtEliminate Whiskey Tax
Reduce Army Size
Mostly continued Hamilton’s financial program
Continued isolationist policyUsed loose interpretation of Constitution
when it suited him…
Jefferson as President…
Judicial Controversy
What were they?
Judges put in place by John Adams before he left the Presidency
How did T.J. deal with them?
them
Unsuccessfully to tried impeach
Marbury vs Madison“Midnight Judge” sues for his jobCase:
John Marshall Chief Justice of Supreme Court
What was the big deal?
Established the precedent of “judicial review”
Federalist who served 34 yearsMarbury v. Madison (1803) judicial review
John Marshall & Supreme Court
Judicial ReviewEmpowers the Supreme Court to decide if a law is constitutional or unconstitutional
Louisiana PurchaseUnited States offered $ 10 million to France for New Orleans
French Response:
France offered the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million dollars
Why?
Napoleon needed money for his war in Europe
Lewis & ClarkLeaders of the fact finding expedition of the new territory
Sacagawea:
Indian princess who serves as a guide to the explorers
Jefferson’s Conflict:
Farm land Constitutional Power
Decision:Accepts a “loose” interpretation of the Constitution to make the land purchase
VS
The new United States border shifts from the Mississippi River to the:
Rocky Mountains
International Problems
VS
Impressment:
Forced service of U.S. Sailors into the British Navy
No US trade w/ foreign countriesLittle effect on GB & FranceFederalists, South, & West opposeNon-Intercourse Act repeals, but continues
no trade w/ GB, France
Jefferson’s ResponseEmbargo Act (1807-1809)
What were T.J.’s belief on the size of government? How did he go about achieving his results?
Who were the “midnight judges”? How did Jefferson attempt to deal with them?
Explain the significance of Marbury vs Madison. What precedent did it set? Who was the Chief Justice who presided over the event.
What do I have to know?
What caused Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States?
What issues did T.J. have with the sale?What was the significance of the deal?Who were Lewis, Clark, and Sacagawea?What problems did American sailors have
with Europe during this time? How did T.J. attempt to deal with this
issue?
Jefferson’s Presidency
4th President of the United States
“Little Man with Big Brain”
Southern & Western War Hawks, demand war against Britain, Spain Leaders: John C. Calhoun (SC) and
Henry Clay (KY)Madison asks Congress to declare war in
1812
Madison & Drift to War
Madison
Impressments & seizure of American ships
Causes of War of 1812
Resentment of BritishBritish incitement of IndiansDesire to annex Canada, Florida
Causes of War of 1812
Causes:
Farmers in South and West hurt economically
War of 1812
Trade Restrictions
British support Indian attacks on the frontier
American ProblemsAmerican ProblemsQ The US was unprepared militarily:
Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships.
Americans disliked a draft preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias.
Q Financially unprepared:
Flood of paper $.
Revenue from import tariffs declined.
Q Regional disagreements.
Regional self-interests led to a divided nation at war against the British.
Sectionalism!!!!!!
Washington DC captured, partially burned (Ft. McHenry withstands bombardment, inspiring Star Spangled Banner)
Wartime Events (1812-1815)
Battle of Tippecanoe
Indian Chief:Tecumseh
Fight over American movement into the frontier
U.S. Leader: William Henry Harrison
Indians flee to Canada
Battle of New Orleans
The Battle of New OrleansJanuary 8, 1815
The Battle of New OrleansJanuary 8, 1815
Fought after the peace treaty signed
Made a hero out of Andrew Jackson
Treaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814
Treaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814
“Not an inch gained, nor an inch lost”
Growth of American nationalismStrengthening of isolationismIncrease in westward migrationEncouragement of US industryHartford Convention disappearance of
Federalist Party
Results of War