electrical engineering 1 dr. keith holbert wise investments program summer 2001
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1Electrical Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Dr. Keith Holbert
WISE Investments Program
Summer 2001
Electrical Engineering2
What is Electrical Engineering?
– Professional activities of electrical engineers directly affect the everyday lives of most of the world’s population
– Design miniscule semiconductor circuits– Design, control, and simulate an electric power
grid that covers North America– Between these extremes, the electrical
engineer’s challenges run the gamut– Electrical engineering is a broad field
Electrical Engineering3
ASU Electrical Engineering
• Undergraduate Degree Program Info– Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) degree
– Four-year program; 128 semester hours
– Accredited by ABET Engineering Commission
• Undergraduate Program Statistics– About 700 students
– Approximately 110-120 graduates each year
– Starting B.S.E. annual salary of around $54K
Electrical Engineering4
Discipline Breakdown of EE Undergraduate Coursework
10 hrsEngr. Core
6 hrsEnglish
15 hrsHumanities
& Social Sciences
21 hrsMath
15 hrsPhysics & Chemistry
43 hrsElectrical
Engr.
18 hrsEE Tech Electives
Electrical Engineering5
Electrica l Engineering Coursework
Electrom agnetics I E lectronic Materials
Random Signal Analysis Electronic Devices
Signals and Systems
M athem aticsCalculus , D ifferen tial Eqs .Linear A lgebra, Adv. M ath
SciencesPhysics and Chem istry
LD Engineering CoursesDigital D esign, C++ an dAssem bly P rogram m ing
Electrical Netw orks
Energy Conversion
Technical ElectivesCircuits, Controls, C om m unications & S ignal P rocessing ,
E lectrom agnetics, Powe r, Solid-S tate E lectronic s
Freshman Engr. Design
English Com position
Junior Design Course
Senior Capstone Design Project
Electrical Engineering6
UG Math and Science Requirements
• Mathematics (21 hrs)– Calculus, three semesters– Differential Equations– Linear Algebra– Advanced Math
• Sciences (15 hrs)– Chemistry, one semester– Physics, three semesters
Electrical Engineering7
Electrical Engr. Course Requirements
• Digital Logic, w/Lab
• Circuits I, w/Lab
• Circuits II
• Electronics, w/Lab
• Electronic Materials
• Signals & Systems
• Electromagnetic Engr.
• Random Signal Analysis
• Energy Conversion, w/lab
• Senior Design Lab I & II
• C++ and Assembly Prog.
Technical Electives:• Communications and Signal
Processing• Controls• Electromagnetics• Electronic Circuits• Power Systems• Solid state electronics
Electrical Engineering8
Senior Technical Elective Areas
• Solid State Electronics
• Communications and Signal Processing
• Controls
• Electronic Circuits
• Power Systems
• Electromagnetics
Electrical Engineering9
Electromagnetics
• The study of electric and magnetic fields arising from charged particles in rest and in motion– The Electromagnetic force is one of the four
known fundamental forces of nature– All theory of electrical engineering is based on
electromagnetics• Radio, TV, Cellular telephones, Computers, Electric
Machinery, Particle Accelerators, Electrostatic precipitators, Magnets, Superconductors.
• Lightning, Magnets, Light, Radiowaves
Electrical Engineering10
Why Study Electromagnetics?
• Wireless communications systems require antennas.
• PCs are on the verge of becoming microwave devices.
Electrical Engineering11
Why Study Electromagnetics?
• To better understand modern communications and computer systems.
• To be able to design and analyze electromagnetics-based devices such as antenna systems, fiber optics systems and microwave systems.
Electrical Engineering12
Electromagnetics is Difficult
• Because Electric and Magnetic Fields– are three-dimensional
– are vectors
– vary in space as well as time
– are governed by PDEs
• As a result:– Solution of electromagnetics problems requires a high level of
abstract thinking - it is not possible to solve them by finding the right formula in which to plug the numbers.
– Students must develop a deep physical understanding where math becomes a powerful tool rather than a crutch
Electrical Engineering13
Radar Cross Section (Top View)
Electrical Engineering14
Radar Cross Section (Helicopter Overlay)
Electrical Engineering15
Electric Power Engineering
– Conversion of energy from thermal, chemical, nuclear or mechanical to electrical form, the transmission of that energy over high voltage transmission line, and the utilization of that energy
• Large electric generators,
• nuclear power plants,
• transmission and distribution lines,
• insulator operation, economics,
• reliability, power electronics
16Electrical Engineering
SOLVE FOR X, Y, Z, TSLIDING WINDOW
TIME
DISTURBANCE
VOLTAGE ORCURRENT
Power QualityAnalysis of non-sinusoidal signals in highly inter-connected power systems -- to increase reliability and decrease losses
Electrical Engineering17
Power Electronics• Power electronics is the branch of circuits and solid state
engineering that is concerned with devices and circuits that are designed for 1 kW operation and above
• Topics covered include converter design, PWM devices, regulators, DC/DC converters, high power switching, power flow control, innovative lighting techniques
• It is believed by many that the fastest growing area of electrical engineering in the next five years will be in power electronics
Electrical Engineering18
Example Senior Design Project in Electric Power Engineering
• To capture solar energy during the day and use fiber optics to carry the light to an indoor lighting system. Tracking is used to follow the sun. Storage of the luminous energy will be used for nighttime operation.
Tracking system
Fiber optic
Collection lenses/mirrors system
Indoor lighting system
Electrical Engineering19
Solid State Electronics
– Study of the behavior of solid conductors and semiconductors
– Most important is silicon - integrated circuits• Electronic memory
• Digital electronic IC’s
• Transistor and linear electronics– Cars (Engines, Brakes), Radios, TVs, Microwaves,
Semiconductor Lasers, Light Emitting Diodes, Photo Diodes for Fiber Optic Communication, Power Converters AC to DC
Electrical Engineering20
Solid State Electronics
• Electronic systems are driven by semiconductor chips
• These chips perform analog and digital circuit functions
• Semiconductor chips contain semiconductor devices
• Semiconductor devices have to be:– Designed, fabricated, measured, modeled,
sold, marketed
• Need to know:– Device physics
– Fabrication techniques
Electrical Engineering21
Semiconductor Industry
What do engineers in the semiconductor industry do?
• Circuit design: design and lay out circuits to be manufactured
• Simulation/modeling: simulate semiconductor manufacturing, device, circuit, and systems behavior (simulation is faster and cheaper than manufacturing)
• Fabrication: fabricate these circuits, maintain yield
• Measurement/characterization: characterize the performance of the devices/circuits/chips
• Sales/marketing: sell and market devices, chips, systems, equipment, services
Electrical Engineering22
Personal Systems Scaling
Source: Texas Instruments
1
10
100
Sy
stem
Siz
e, L
+W
+H
(i
nch
es)
Time
Ultra LowPower
5-7 Yrs
Low Power
Notebook
Desktop
Phone
PDA
Credit Card
Watch
Ring
Electrical Engineering23
CommunicationsStudy of how human speech, music, text and image data can be encoded on electrical signals and trans-mitted via radio, cable, television, and optical fiber
Signal Processing
The manipulation of digital signals by computers to extract or encode useful information and to suppress noise and other distortion
Electrical Engineering24
Communications
• Cellular Telephony• Personal
Communication Systems (PCS)
• Satellite telephone systems (Iridium)
• Global Positioning System
• Computer Networking• Internet• Intranets• Telephone system• Cable TV• Satellite data networks• Military
communications
Electrical Engineering25
Signal Processing
• High Definition Television (HDTV)
• Digital Radio• Sound, Image, and
Video compression• Speech Recognition• Image Recognition• Noise Cancellation
• Military Applications:
Radar, Sonar• Autonomous Vehicles• Communication
Systems• Special Purpose
Computer Architectures
Electrical Engineering26
Controls
– Study of making complicated systems behave in a desirable manner
• Self-steering Cars, Auto Pilots in Aircraft
– Robotics
Electrical Engineering27
Controls Applications• Acoustic - acoustic
cancellation for a concert hall; intelligent hearing devices
• Aerospace - all-weather landing system; launch vehicles
• Automation and Manufacturing navigation for autonomous robot (e.g. pathfinder)
• Biological - cardiovascular control systems
• Defense - high performance fighters; tactical missiles; guidance and navigation; attack helicopters
• Electrical - diffusion furnaces; semiconductor processes; read/write head control for optical storage
• Mechanical - active suspension for mobile laboratory
• Materials - control of smart composite materials
• Medicine - telemedical robotic systems for precision surgery
• Ocean - submarine• Space Based Surveillance -
weather, surveillance, monitoring system; satellites
• Structural - active earthquake control for skyscrapers
Electrical Engineering28
r e udi do
K P
n
y
Controller Plant actual output
desired output
controlerror
sensor noise
disturbances
Vehicle Cruise Control System Example
• P - Vehicle
• r - Reference (desired) speed
• y - Actual speed
• u - Fuel flow to engine
• K - Controller
Electrical Engineering29
Electrical Engineering
Radar,Antennas
ControlSystems
PowerElectronics
Communications
Computers
Digital Signal Processing