electrical vehicle (ev)
TRANSCRIPT
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1
Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulChairman, Board of Director of Innovation Group March 2017
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Thailand
Economy
Green Economy
Technology
Finance & F/X
Politicians
Local Politicians
Social Changes
Globalization and Trade Regulations
NBT
Consumer’s
behavior
“Something new and better
Global Warming
Environmental Control Green Technology
Political Transparency
Government Offices
Local influencers
3D Printing
Bio-Engineering
Digital Technology and Robotic
Digital Communications
Unbalance of incomes Aging
People
Urbanization
Multi-nationalities Labor mobility
2Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
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http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/transportation/electric-cars/
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Battery Electrical Vehicle(BEV)
BEV is an electric car that is propelled by electric motors, using electrical energy stored in rechargeable batteries. Electric motor are more quite than ICE and generate much lower heat and pollutants. Not only Internal combustion engine but fuel system are not necessary also for BEV.
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vs. Battery Electrical Vehicle (BEV) Electric cars are a variety of electric vehicle (EV). The term "electric vehicle" refers to any vehicle that uses electric motors for propulsion.
Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 3
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Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 4
Why Electric
Vehicles??
The Transport sector is responsible for one
quarter of total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
Major Emmissions of Pollution – especially
in Megacities (Urbanisation)
One Quarter of total consumption of fossil
raw materials
Noise Pollution
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Losses : about 40% hot exhaustgases
20% motor cooling (water)
10% motor cooling (radiation, convection)
10% other losses
Energy Efficiency ICE
20 % propulsion
Energy Efficiency EV
85 % propulsion
Losses : about 5% battery 10% other losses
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6Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
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8Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
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9Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
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Today oil demand is 92.4 mbd and automotive accounts for 75% of oil product consumption in transporting system or 50% of final oil consumption
By 2023, w/w will consume 100 mbd of oil, EV could replace 2 mbd of oil demand as early as 2023
China is the strongest growing country in EV
Current price of battery in mid-sized car cost $ 15,000. makes EV car very expensive. But price of battery is coming down.
While cost of producing ICE to meet environmental controlling standard will becoming more expensive than EV which meet the standard
10Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
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HEV
FCEV
PHEV
EREV
HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicle BEV: Battery Electric VehicleEREV: Extended Range Electric Vehicle FCEV: Fuel cell Electric Vehicle
11Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
BEV
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HEV PHEV BEV EREV FCEVEngine Y Y N N Fuel cell
Regen.brake Y Y Y Y Y
External N Y Y Y N
Engine
M/G
Battery
Fuel tank
Engine
Fuel tank
M/G
Battery
Engine
Fuel tank
M/G
Battery
M/G
Battery
Fuel cell
M/G
Battery
H2 tank
Charged by engine/fuelcell
Charged by regenerative braking
Charged by external power source
Large battery capacity for long range travelling -> Charging by external power source is definitely necessary
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AC (Normal and fast charge) DC (Quick charge)
Phase/Voltage 1 P/230 V 3 P/400 V -/400-500 V
Power 3.3-7.4 kW 10-43 kW ≥ 50 kW
Charging time (Ex. Battery capacity 24 kWh)
3-7 hr.(Full charge)
0.5-2 hr.(Full charge)
< 30 min.(80% charge only)
13Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
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Global cumulative number of PEVs* (BEV+PHEV) has reached 1.2 millions in 2015
PEVs
BEV
1 million
*PEVs: Plug-in Electric Vehicles (BEV + PHEV)
14Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
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Global cumulative number of EV charging outlets, 2010-2015, has reached 1.45 millions outlets.
• As of 2015,the numbers of private charger are 1.3 millions outlets, publicly low charger are ∼162,000 outlets and publicly fast charger are ∼28,000 outlets respectively.
• Top 3 countries: US, China and Japan
Note: Slow chargers include AC chargers with charging power ≤22 kW. Fast chargers include AC chargers with charging power 43 kW, DC chargers, Tesla Superchargers and inductive chargers.
(tho
usan
ds)
15Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
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Level Target Scope Type Tool
• National• State/
provincial• Municipal
• Private customers
• Industry• Public sector
• Vehicle• Charging infrastructure
• Financial• Target/bans/mandates
• Public procurement
• Others
• Fiscal-Tax incentive/ penalty
• Direct financial subsidy
• Mandates &Targets
• Product standards
• Public expenditure
• Electricity rates
• Etc.
A key driver to boost the EV ecosystem – THE POLICY
Ex:
A federal funding programme that contributed to 36,500 publicly accessible charging outlets in place in 2015.
A partnership with a retailer for the installation of 500 fast chargers and 650 standards chargers at its stores, providing 2/3 of funding.
From March 2015, the CH government has mandated that parking spaces in new residential bldg. & at least 10% of public parking should have EV charging infrastructure.
16Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
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*Hawkins, Troy R.; Singh, Bhawna; Majeau-Bettez, Guillaume; Strømman, Anders Hammer (February 2012). "Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles". Journal of Industrial Ecology. 17 (1): 53–64
Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 17
High cost of Li-ion battery. Besides Li, Cd is relatively expensive and toxic.
Critical Raw Materials (Rare Earths (for example neodymium, dysprosium; Special Metals etc.) – many of them not available in Europe
Range small compared to ICE cars and temperature dependant Low Comfort Level (Heating ; other energy consumers..) Long Loading Times
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Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 18
Mobility of the Future
Shared Mobility
Connected
Autonomous Driving
E-Mobility
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Emerging new service platforms of transportation is customized and convenient for consumers.
Driverless system must be relied on safety and convenient in driving including effectively connecting with other cars.
Car Emission would be reduced with electrification system both vehicle technologies (PHEV/BEV) and traffic management in urban areas.
Infrastructure and transportation should support digital driving system.
Connectivity in supply chain by digital system will come into play.
Share services
Autonomous or self-driving vehicle
Automotive Industry of the Future
Green mobility
Digitalization of automotive products and process
management
1 2
34
Source : Mckinsey & Company , Mercedes-Benz , PWC
Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 19
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ExpectedCost
2015 2020 2025 2030
100 € / kWh EV >= conventional
150 € / kWh HV battery system
costs
200 – 300€ / kWh
HV batterysystem costs
Conventional powertrain costs
Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 21Innovation Group (Thailand)
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Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 22
Drivetrain now
Diesel Gasoline
Hybrid
eDrive
Future
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Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 23Innovation Group (Thailand)
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Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 24
S-Class GLE GLC GLC COUPE
C-Class EstateC-Class E-ClassC-Class LWB
2014 20162015
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Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul
100%
EV Share Mercedes-Benz Cars
Sales 2025
Greater China
NAFTAWEU
Highest Potential EV Share Mercedes-Benz Cars 2025
Ready for the market
50%
15%
25%
25Innovation Group (Thailand)
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Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 26
B 250 eSLS AMG Coupé Electric Drive
smart fortwoelectric drive
smart electric drive -fortwo and forfour
Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL
Battery-electric vehiclewith up to 500 km range
Intelligent EV-Architecture
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2010: Underfloor package206 g Platinum4 kW / m2 active area Screw compressor
2017: Compartmentpackage20 g Platinum9 kW / m2 active areaElectric turbo charger withturbine
reduction ofPlatinum
Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul
30%
30%
higher mileage
reduction fuel cell engine size
higher electric range in future vehicles
27Innovation Group (Thailand)
90%
40%
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Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 28Innovation Group (Thailand)
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29Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
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AC Charging
Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul
DC Charging Inductive Charging
32Innovation Group (Thailand)
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Electric Vehicle
Charging Infrastructure
Digital Services
Friends
Airport
Super marketStadium
Cinema
Bakery
Parking lot Restaurant
Park
Private trip Daily business Holidays
POI
Zoo
Mall
Parking lot
Parking lot
Gym
Rest stop
Customerrequirements
available fast intelligent comfortable
@homehighway
public
@work
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2nd plant start of operations: mid 2018
Production of Li-Ion batteries for hybrid as well as electric vehicles and energy storage systems
Production space stocked up from 20,000 to 60,000 m2
Extension
Deutsche ACCUMOTIVE GmbH & Co.KG, Kamenz, Germany
Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 34Innovation Group (Thailand)
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EV needs light martials for its chassis and body. Aluminum alloys and carbon composites are replacing heavy steel
Li-ion battery uses Li as the anode. Graphite as the cathode .
Li is sensitive to air and moisture to ignite.
Copper will be heavily consumed , 80 kilos per car. If in 2035, 140 million EV on the road ( 8% of total fleets of light vehicles). EV will consume 1/3 of total global copper demand .
By 2025, . EV could replace 2 million barrel a day of oil demand and increasing (w/w will consume 100 million barrel of oil per day)
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Lithium-ion batteries are main battery for all rechargeable applications from cell phones to electrical cars to renewable energy farm.
Graphite is used in the other electrode 99.9%) purity as anode-grade. Graphene is ideal for use in in battery because of its net-like structure that allow Li atoms through, speeding up charge and discharge times.
Most Li-ion battery contain graphite 55% more than Li (55 pounds in large EV battery)
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Lithium Cobalt Oxide ( 60% Co has highest density, using mainly in cell phone and lab top)
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide(10-20% Co has lower density but can handle larger energy loading and makes it safer in large batteries in EV)
And finally Lithium NickleCobalt Aluminium Oxide ( 9% Co, lower density, high load battery , good for large scale project )
Co is found in mining of Ni. Cobalite ( CoAsS) is important deposite in Congo. Mining of Co causes poisonous of Arsenic to steam and Arsenic fume in smelting
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World is looking to use non-Cobalt in Li compoundLi-battery station provides peak hour electrical power
plant to cover times of excess demand..300 megawatts of battery storage is building in California.
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Tier 2 & 3Tier 1Assembly Group
Auto parts Producers 450,000 people
Supporting Industries 100,000 people
Car and Pickup truck Assembly
17 companies, 23 firms
Motorcycle Assembly
8 Companies8 firms
Small and Medium Auto parts producers(1,700 companies)
Stamping, plastics, rubber, machining, casting, forging, function, electrical,
trimmingEngines, Drivetrains, Steering, Suspension, Brake Wheel, Tire, Bodyworks, Interiors, Electronics Systems
Auto parts Producers(386 companies)
Motorcycle parts Producers(201 companies)
*Car Assembly100,000 people•Distributor,
•Service center200,000 people
Cluster structure and supply chain in Thailand automotive industry
- Distribution W/H- Finance- Assess- Specific Adviser- Logistic- Leasing, Banking
Entrepreneur Associations and Institutions
Academic and Technical Institution
Government
Upstream industriesIron and Steel, Plastics, Rubber, Electronics, glass and mirror,
Textile and Leather, Petrochemical, Painting and Coating
Policy group and supporting organizations
Services industries
Supporting industriesMachinery, Tools and Mechanical devices, Molding etc.
World Ranking
12thProduction
Base
Target
More than 2,500 companies
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42
THAILAND AUTOMOTIVE AND MOTORCYCLE
EXPORT VALUE(MILLION BAHT)
Export value of Thailand automotive and auto parts industries
THAILAND AUTO PARTS EXPORT VALUE(MILLION BAHT)
2015 Total export value
1.2 Trillion Baht
Source : TAI/ TAPMA
MB.
MB.
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Thai automotive production is close to 2 million cars. It is the 12th world’s car production of 91 million cars.
It accounts to almost 1.5 trillion baht in total value chain.
Always, Automotive industry is key driver in development of steel, petrochemical and rubber industries.
Automotive and tire industries consume 65% of total rubber. And Thailand is the largest NR producer, at 4.5 mil. tons.
65% of Innovation Group’s revenue is generated from products and service to automotive industry.
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44Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)
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Weather strip
Grommet
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Brake-Clutch parts
Anti vibration parts
Hoses and Fuel Hoses
Engine Mount
Dustproof cover
Bush
Oil Seal
Intake hoses
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WEATHERSTRIPS
HOSES
GASKETSWIPER BLADE
BELTS
CUSHION BOOTSGROMMETS
ANTI-VIBRATIONS
O-RING
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Comparison of RM cost for ICE vs. BEV
Part Weigth (g) Kind of RubberRM cost (� / car)
ICE BEVwind shield & weather strip 4,300 EPDM 390
Brake 250 EPDM 30
Air condition hose 220EPDM , FKM
Polyamide 70
Grommet 410 EPDM 35
Wiper Blade 75 NR 10
O-Ring & Seal 120 NBR, EPDM 60
Brake 260 EPDM 35
Body Cushion 300 NR 30
Boot 1,000 EPDM, CR 130
Strut 2,000 NR 200
other rubber 200 NR, EPDM 20
Belt 400 CR/HNBR 60
Fuel hose 960 FKM, ECO, CSM 200
Power steering hose 900 FKM, CSM, CR 500
Air intake hose 500 ACM, ECO 175
Turbo charger 500 FKM/Silicone 300
Radiator hose 500 EPDM 100
Oil seal & gasket 240 NBR/FKM 240
Engine mount 410 NR/CR 40
Engine Cushion 515 NR 80
Total 2,705 1,010
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ICE car consists of rubber part for 14 kg approximately (not including tires).
BEV has no combustion engine and fuel system. So, rubber part around an engine, fuel transferring system and fuel tank are not necessary.
Discarding rubber part in engine and fuel system, 70% of rubber part still be remained.
However, those parts that disappear are the high performance rubber parts which always challenge technical development in rubber. These rubber parts are high value products for improvement of engine performance, bio-fuel and environmental regulations
ICE BEV
Total weight of rubber part in car
wind shield & weather strip Cooling system
Brake Grommet
Wiper Blade Suspension
Anti-Vibration Others rubber
Engine Fuel system
30% Reduced
14 KGs
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• Oil and high temperature resistant materials will decrease in usage in BEV.
• Inflammable and high voltage resistant materials will be required for the part that connect to electrical equipment, motor and battery in BEV.
• Heat generated in motor and battery storage area is less than ICE, rubber part is probably replaced by new composite materials in plastic and rubber. “TPV” is a new challenging materials will be using more in those areas.
Materials
Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 50
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Green Tires
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Concept Tires
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Goodyear’s Round shaped Tirefor EV
Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 53
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No Flat Tire No need to carry spareLow rolling-resistanceRecyclable flexible materialsApplicable to heavy duty tires
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tough materials of Polyurethane and glass reinforced are used
Michelin X Tweel
Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 55
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Generate electric for EVBy converting friction heat of tire and road and tire flex into electric It can also collect heat from sun in hot air to generate electric when car is not running.
Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 56
![Page 57: Electrical Vehicle (EV)](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58f320491a28ab9e348b45f1/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 57
www.elastomer-polymer.com