electricity! a really bright idea… mrs. zoeller – 4 th grade

Electricity!

A Really Bright Idea…

Mrs. Zoeller – 4th Grade

Who Am I?

Mr. MoormanMr. Moorman

IndianaIndiana

BasketballBasketball Sunman ElementarySunman Elementary

44thth Grade – Mrs. Hayden Grade – Mrs. Hayden

Rose-Hulman Institute Rose-Hulman Institute of Technologyof Technology

Computer EngineeringComputer Engineering

General MotorsGeneral Motors

Delco ElectronicsDelco Electronics

University of IllinoisUniversity of Illinois

Electrical EngineeringElectrical Engineering Lucent TechnologiesLucent Technologies

Bell LabsBell Labs Dr. JayDr. Jay

WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?

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What do we use it for?What do we use it for?

What happens when it What happens when it goes away?goes away?

How does it work?How does it work?

How does it get to us?How does it get to us?What kind of CITY is it?

Without Electricity…

We might useWe might use

• Heat - FiresHeat - Fires

• Communications – Communications – SemaphoresSemaphores

• Music - Piano Music - Piano

• Learn – Chalk Learn – Chalk BoardBoard

Our lives would be very different!

Anatomy of an Atom

The ElectronThe Electron

Its Upwardly Mobile and Its Upwardly Mobile and AttractiveAttractive

Today We Will Study Current

Electricity…

CurrentCurrentFlows In CircuitFlows In Circuit

Turn on LightTurn on Light

Listen to IpodListen to Ipod

Watch TVWatch TV

StaticStaticIs StationaryIs Stationary

Brush Your HairBrush Your Hair

Wool Socks In DrierWool Socks In Drier

BalloonBalloon

ElectricityElectricity

Two Main FormsTwo Main Forms

Static vs. Current (Dynamic)Static vs. Current (Dynamic)

Electrons in Motion

Electrons are very very tiny particlesElectrons are very very tiny particles

Electrons carry energyElectrons carry energy

Electricity is the movement of electronsElectricity is the movement of electrons

Electricity flows through wires (current)Electricity flows through wires (current)

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Current Flows Like Water

Electrons flow through Electrons flow through wires like water flows wires like water flows through pipesthrough pipes

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Supply of electricity Switch

ElectronsLight bulb

FrighteningLightening

The Greater the Potential The Greater the Potential Energy (Voltage) the more Energy (Voltage) the more the Electrons want to get the Electrons want to get back to groundback to ground

AA Battery (1.5V)AA Battery (1.5V)

Plug in the House (110V)Plug in the House (110V)

Lightening (100,000,000V)Lightening (100,000,000V)

Electric Safety

Never Stick Anything in an OutletNever Stick Anything in an Outlet

Never Touch Metal Around Electric Without Never Touch Metal Around Electric Without AskingAsking

Never Ever Use Water Around Anything Never Ever Use Water Around Anything ElectricElectric

Heavy pressure – many contact pointsLight pressure – very few contact points

Finger

metal

Water increases contact area between skin and metal

Wet Skin

metal

Generation, Circuits, and Electronics Electricity in your life…

How is Electricity Made?

BatteriesBatteries

GeneratorsGenerators

Batteries

Use Chemistry to Release EnergyUse Chemistry to Release Energy

Store a Fixed Amount of EnergyStore a Fixed Amount of Energy

Big Batteries are Needed to Store Big Batteries are Needed to Store Lots of EnergyLots of Energy

PortablePortable

Cars, Phones, Flashlights, Ipods, Cars, Phones, Flashlights, Ipods, Laptops, GameBoys, BoatsLaptops, GameBoys, Boats

Generators

Use Energy to Make Use Energy to Make ElectricityElectricity

A moving magnet is A moving magnet is able to push the able to push the electrons along a wire.electrons along a wire.

The energy to move The energy to move the magnet is carried the magnet is carried by the electricity. by the electricity.

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ElectronsLight bulb

Magnet

Magnet has to move to make electricity

Power

Factories, homes and schools Factories, homes and schools need large amounts of need large amounts of energy!energy!

Generators in power stations Generators in power stations supply electricity to these supply electricity to these factories, homes, and factories, homes, and schools.schools.

These generators are in These generators are in power stations and are huge!power stations and are huge!

A Power Station

electric current

How to Generate Electric?

Turn the Turbine Turn the Turbine

CoalCoal

Natural GasNatural Gas

NuclearNuclear

HydroelectricHydroelectric

WindWind

SolarSolar

ThermalThermal

WavesWavesSource: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electric Power Monthly, June 2011, Table 1.1, 2010.

Electricity Transmission

• The electric current is generated in the power plantThe electric current is generated in the power plant

• AC of 60 Hz is produced and distributed at high AC of 60 Hz is produced and distributed at high voltagevoltage

Electronics

Circuits are used in …Circuits are used in …

Computers, ipods, cars, clocks …Computers, ipods, cars, clocks …

Keyboards …Keyboards …

… … everything electriceverything electric

Electronics


Communications, phones, networks, TV’s …Communications, phones, networks, TV’s …

Satellites …Satellites …


Electronics


Integrated circuits (IC’s) …Integrated circuits (IC’s) …

Chips …Chips …


Drawing Circuits

A BatteryA Battery

A MotorA Motor

A Lamp A Lamp

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Remember what you have learned!Build you own circuit…

References

Institute of Physics (IOP) in London, EnglandInstitute of Physics (IOP) in London, England

www.iop.org

neoK12neoK12

www.neok12.com

electricity! a really bright idea… mrs. zoeller – 4 th grade

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