electro ro chromics : present status and trends nds...
TRANSCRIPT
Semiconductor Laboratory, Dept.of Physics
A.Subrahmanyam Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
[email protected] www.physics.iitm.ac.in/~manu
Electro Electro chromics : Present status and trends chromics : Present status and trends
Semiconductor Laboratory, Dept.of Physics
chromics : Present status and trends chromics : Present status and trends
22 Sept07
An electrochemically controlled light absorbing technique ! the electrochromic layer is either a Liintercalation material such as WO
R N N R' +
R N N R' + +
+ e e
or an organic redox compound such as viologen
What is electrochromics ?
intercalation material such as WO 3 or an organic redox compound such as
What is electrochromics ?
Introduction: Electrochromics
The Electro Chromism:
Main application : Smart and Energy efficient Windows Automobile wind screens Medical Electronics Displays
Most wellknown electrochromic materials
Inorganic Organic
Cathodi c
WO 3 , MoO 3 , TiO 2 ,...
...
Anodic NiO 2 , IrO 2 , RhO 2 ,...
Polyaniline, Polypyrrole, Prussian blue, ...
First discovered in 1979 at NREL by S K Deb
Smart and Energy efficient Windows Automobile wind screens Medical Electronics
known electrochromic materials
Polyaniline, Polypyrrole,
Market for EC Devices: A few Billion Dollars
Solid state device:
The important component of EC Device is TCO. We have a Pilot plant running at SAMEER, Chennai. We can make 50 Ohms/Sq and T~89% ITO Plates on Glass and Plastic.
10:30 am
Market overview some examples
Electrochromics in architectural pilot projects:
automatically dimming smart windows from
http://eetd.lbl.gov/newsletter/nl5/eetd5.pdf
Before (left) and after (right) direct sun enters the windows.
10:50 am
some examples
Electrochromics in architectural pilot projects:
automatically dimming smart windows from Berkeley Lab.
http://eetd.lbl.gov/newsletter/nl5/eetd5.pdf
) direct sun enters the windows.
Introduction: Electrochromics Market overview I
http://www.gentex.com/automotive_products2.html
Electrochromics in automotive products:
automatically dimming rearview mirrors from Gentex.
Market overview some examples
http://www.gentex.com/automotive_products2.html
Introduction: Electrochromics Market overview II
segmented alphanumeric displays
prototypes prepared by NTera.
LCD vs. ECD
„ink on paper“
segmented alphanumeric displays
NTera.
LCD vs. ECD
„ink on paper“ like
Electrochromics from Dublin (NTera)
PEDOT/PSS and SWNT on plastic as transparent electrodes in flexible electrochromic devices.
Electrochromics from Osnabrück
switchable filter,
switching time ca. 3 sec transparent counter electrode: Prussian Blue
4Segment large pixel display,
diffuse reflective interme diate layer; common counter electrode
Present status:
Industries: SAGE + 3M + Rutgers University Anoop Agrawal, Electrochromix Inc (Colorado) Chromogenics (Granquist, Sweeden) Gentix(Pittsburgh) Saint Gobain, PPG, Ashai, Pilkington (All Glass manufacturers) eChromics (San Jose : Startup) Varitint (Startup by jaideep Raje and Gayatri Swaminathan) NTera (Displays)
FraunhoferInstitut Silicatforschung (ISC) Los Almos National lab, Lawrence Berkely Natioanl lab, NREL Philips Research labs, Eindhoven
Airbus A 800 has all windows Electrochromic
Present day cost : 12 inch x 12 inch EC Device : 50 USD
SAGE announced an agreement with Apogee Enterprises, Inc., to develop, produce, and market smart windows
SAGE + 3M + Rutgers University Anoop Agrawal, Electrochromix Inc (Colorado) Chromogenics (Granquist, Sweeden)
Saint Gobain, PPG, Ashai, Pilkington (All Glass manufacturers) eChromics (San Jose : Startup) Varitint (Startup by jaideep Raje and Gayatri Swaminathan)
Institut Silicatforschung (ISC) Los Almos National lab, Lawrence Berkely Natioanl lab, NREL Philips Research labs, Eindhoven
Airbus A 800 has all windows Electrochromic
Present day cost : 12 inch x 12 inch EC Device : 50 USD
SAGE announced an agreement with Apogee Enterprises, Inc., to develop, produce, and market smart windows
Electrochromix Inc: A corporation formed after licensing technology from Los Alamos National Lab and resident Electrochromic technology at AJJER. The following product technologies are available for licensing, formation of joint ventures or purchasing of technology.
Electrochromic automotive mirrors Electrochromic devices with electrolytes comprising ionic liquids
Processes to synthesize high purity ionic liquids
List of Electrochromix owned patents and published US patent applications.
Electrochomic salts, solutions and devices US Patent 7,064,212 Electrolytes for electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids US Patent 6,853,472 Reversible electrooptic device employing aprotic molten salts and method US
Patent 6,862,125 Durable electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids US Patent 6,961,168
Electrochromic mirrors and other electrooptic devices US App 2004/0233537 Non planar mirrors with planar electrochromic cavity US Patent 7,012,729 Fabrication of cell cavities for electrooptic devices US App 2006/0027260
Environmentally safe electrochromic mirrors US App 2006/0285190
Electrochromix Inc: A corporation formed after licensing technology from Los Alamos National Lab and resident Electrochromic technology at AJJER. The following product technologies are available for licensing, formation of joint ventures or purchasing of technology.
Electrochromic automotive mirrors Electrochromic devices with electrolytes comprising ionic liquids
Processes to synthesize high purity ionic liquids
List of Electrochromix owned patents and published US patent applications.
Electrochomic salts, solutions and devices US Patent 7,064,212 Electrolytes for electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids US Patent 6,853,472
optic device employing aprotic molten salts and method US Patent 6,862,125
Durable electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids US Patent 6,961,168 Electrochromic mirrors and other electrooptic devices US App 2004/0233537 Non planar mirrors with planar electrochromic cavity US Patent 7,012,729 Fabrication of cell cavities for electrooptic devices US App 2006/0027260
Environmentally safe electrochromic mirrors US App 2006/0285190
Electrochromix Inc: A corporation formed after licensing technology from Los Alamos National Lab and resident Electrochromic technology at AJJER. The following product technologies are available for licensing, formation of joint ventures or purchasing of technology. •Electrochromic automotive mirrors •Electrochromic devices with electrolytes comprising ionic liquids •Processes to synthesize high purity ionic liquids
List of Electrochromix owned patents and published US patent applications.
Electrochomic salts, solutions and devices US Patent 7,064,212 Electrolytes for electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids US Patent 6,853,472 Reversible electrooptic device employing aprotic molten salts and method US Patent 6,862,125 Durable electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids US Patent 6,961,168 Electrochromic mirrors and other electrooptic devices US App 2004/0233537 Non planar mirrors with planar electrochromic cavity US Patent 7,012,729 Fabrication of cell cavities for electrooptic devices US App 2006/0027260 Environmentally safe electrochromic mirrors US App 2006/0285190 Please Contact: Anoop Agrawal
A corporation formed after licensing technology from Los Alamos National Lab and resident Electrochromic technology at AJJER. The following product technologies are available for licensing, formation of joint ventures or
Electrochromic devices with electrolytes comprising ionic liquids Processes to synthesize high purity ionic liquids
List of Electrochromix owned patents and published US patent applications.
Electrochomic salts, solutions and devices US Patent 7,064,212 Electrolytes for electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids US Patent 6,853,472
optic device employing aprotic molten salts and method US
Durable electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids US Patent 6,961,168 Electrochromic mirrors and other electrooptic devices US App 2004/0233537 Non planar mirrors with planar electrochromic cavity US Patent 7,012,729 Fabrication of cell cavities for electrooptic devices US App 2006/0027260 Environmentally safe electrochromic mirrors US App 2006/0285190
4541 E. Fort Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85712
Contact info: Anoop Agrawal Phone: 520 321 7680 ext 28 Fax: 520 3210030 Email: [email protected]
4541 E. Fort Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85712
Contact info: Anoop Agrawal Phone: 520 321 7680 ext 28 Fax: 520 3210030 Email: [email protected]
4541 E. Fort Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85712
Contact info: Anoop Agrawal Phone: 520 321 7680 ext 28 Fax: 520 3210030 Email: [email protected]
AJJER LLC offers Consulting and Development Services and Technology Commercialization.
4541 E. Fort Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85712
Contact info: Anoop Agrawal 7680 ext 28
4541 E. Fort Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85712
Contact info: Anoop Agrawal 7680 ext 28
4541 E. Fort Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85712
Contact info: Anoop Agrawal 7680 ext 28
offers Consulting and Development Services and Technology Commercialization.
Public release date: 21Nov2005 Contact: Garazi Andonegi [email protected]
34943363040 Elhuyar Fundazioa
New plastic electrochromic devices This press release is also available in Spanish
The NANOEFFECT "Nanocomposites with High Colouration Efficiency for Electrochromic Smart Plastic Devices" project, led by the FraunhoferInstitut Silicatforschung (ISC), is designing new electrochromic devices that are totally plastic and flexible, capable of changing colour on the simple application of an electric current. The main result of the project will be a new nanohybrid material with great electrochromic efficiency, to be integrated into plastic electrochromic devices with excellent characteristics in terms of cost, durability and range of colours. The end applications of these new electrochromic devices will be electrochromic spectacles as well as various applications in the textile and automotive sectors.
New plastic electrochromic devices Spanish.
The NANOEFFECT "Nanocomposites with High Colouration Efficiency for Electrochromic Smart Plastic Devices"
Institut is designing new electrochromic
devices that are totally plastic and flexible, capable of changing colour on the simple application of an electric current. The main result of the project will be a new nanohybrid material with great electrochromic efficiency, to be integrated into plastic electrochromic devices with excellent characteristics in terms of cost, durability and range of colours. The end applications of these new electrochromic devices will be electrochromic spectacles as well as various applications in the textile and
While the company NTera has produced paper quality displays. These displays are bi stable, not requiring much power keep to a pixel coloured, and reflective, not needing power for backlighting, and therefore can operate with very little power. Coupled with the fast switching (i.e. changing of colour) due to amplification with nanoparticles, this technology could in most flat panel displays
The picture on the right and below show examples of the paper quality displays from NTera
paper quality displays. These displays are bi
The picture on the right and below show examples of the paper
NanomaterialsBased Electrochromics for PaperQuality Displays U. Bach, D. Corr * , D. Lupo, F. Pichot, M. Ryan Electrochromics Research, NTera Ltd., Grange Road, Rathfarnham, Dublin 16 (Ireland) email: D. Corr ([email protected])
"The film used for the Berkeley Lab switchable mirror is made of an alloy of magnesium and one or more transitionmetals," says Richardson. "These make a new generation of electrochromic windows possible, superior in many ways to the current generation because they reflect visible and infrared light and heat instead of absorbing it."
Toward a New Generation of EnergyEfficient Windows: TransitionMetal Switchable MirrorsContact: Allan Chen, [email protected]
PhotovoltaicIntegrated Electrochromic Device for SmartWindow Applications Preprint May 2000 . NREL/CP Satyen K. Deb To Be Presented at the World Renewable Energy Congress VI Brighton, U.K. July 17, 2000 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DEAC36
Integrated Electrochromic Device for
Window Applications
59028116
To Be Presented at the World Renewable
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 804013393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy
Operated by Midwest Research Institute
AC3699GO10337
The future trends in Research in Electro
High efficient materials (We hold the world record of 178 cm2/Coulomb on WO3 High optical modulation (~ 85 Fast switching times ( ~ seconds) High cyclability (minimum 10,000 cycles) Color neutrality for building applications High contrast displays Flexible Electrochromics (we need ITO on flexible substrates) Nano and composite materials (Composite means
Inorganic Organic combinations)
International Meeting on Electrochromism : IME 7 was in Isthanbul Sept 2006 IME 8 is in Korea (Some time in September 2008)
The future trends in Research in Electrochromics:
(We hold the world record of 178 cm2/Coulomb on WO3) High optical modulation (~ 8590) Fast switching times ( ~ seconds) High cyclability (minimum 10,000 cycles) Color neutrality for building applications
chromics (we need ITO on flexible substrates) Nano and composite materials (Composite means
Inorganic Organic combinations)
International Meeting on Electrochromism : IME 7 was in Isthanbul Sept 2006 IME 8 is in Korea (Some time in September 2008)
International Meeting on Electrochromism:
IME 1 : Venice, Italy IME 2 : San Diego, USA IME 3 : London, UK IME 4 : Uppsala, Sweden IME 5 : Golden CO, USA IME 6 : Brno, Czech Republic IME 7 : Isthanbul, Turkey IME 8 : Korea
International Meeting on Electrochromism:
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
TiO 2 nanocrystals (semi conducting)
F. Campus, P. Bonhôte, M. Grätzel, S. Heinen, L. Walder,
OTE
Our early contribution: use of a mesoporous TiO 2 as large area conducting scaffold
Electrochromics from Osnabrück
N N R' P
O HOHO
+ +
N
N R'
P O
HO OH
+
+
TiO 2
F. Campus, P. Bonhôte, M. Grätzel, S. Heinen, L. Walder,Sol Energ Mat Sol C 56 (1999) 281297
N
N R'
P O
HO HO
+
+
N
N R'
P O
HO OH
+
+
N
N R'
P O
HO HO
+
+
N
N R'
P O
HO HO
+
+
adsorbed
viologen
as large area conducting scaffold
Transition metal oxide nanowire based flexible electrochromic devices. (Source: National Tsing Hua University)
Transition metal oxide nanowire based flexible electrochromic devices. (Source: National Tsing Hua University)
Flexible EC Windows
working electrode
WE
OTE
Mesoporous layer with electrochromic graphics.
counter electrode
CE
OTE
Mesoporous charge storing layer, colourless in both redox states.
counter electrode
CE
OTE
Mesoporous charge storing layer, colourless in both redox states.
High resolution electrochromic displays from Osnabrück I
A modified Seiko CDP2000 inkjet printer
prints on the TiO 2 coated glas electrodes
Ink composition: 0.1 M viologen as phosphonic acid in 85 % H 2 O, 8 % diethylene glycol monobutylether 3.7 % ethanol 2.7 % polyethylene glycol (M W 0.5 % nonyl phenyl polyethylene glycol
A modified Seiko CDP2000 inkjet printer
High resolution electrochromic displays from Osnabrück II
coated glas electrodes
0.1 M viologen as phosphonic acid in
8 % diethylene glycol monobutylether
W : 20000) 0.5 % nonyl phenyl polyethylene glycol
Original Epson magenta ink on original Epson Photo Paper.
Excellent resolution of the electrochromic ink on mesoporous TiO 2
Ink jetting process image quality
but too weak and slowly fading away under working conditions
the electrochromic ink on
High resolution electrochromic displays from Osnabrück III
but too weak and slowly fading away under working
=
meso pore
Nucleophilic N N + P
O HO HO
1.
=
electrophilic
Br
Br
Br
Absorbance Amplification, stabilisa tion towards lateral diffusion
2000 4000
6000 8000
10000
300
200
100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
CPD ( mV )
Distance (µm)
Kelvin Probe studies:
10000 12000
14000 0
2000
4000
6000 8000
10000
Distance (
µm)