electronic devices and circuit theory 10th edition boylestad louis chapter 11 op amp applications
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Chapter 11
Op-Amp Applications
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OpOp--Amp ApplicationsAmp Applications
ConstantConstant--gain multipliergain multiplier
Voltage summingVoltage summingVoltage bufferVoltage buffer
Controlled sourcesControlled sources
Instrumentation circuitsInstrumentation circuits
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
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ConstantConstant--Gain AmplifierGain Amplifier
Inverting VersionInverting Version
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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moremore
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ConstantConstant--Gain AmplifierGain Amplifier
Noninverting VersionNoninverting Version
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
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MultipleMultiple--Stage GainsStage Gains
= AAAA321
The total gain (3-stages) is given by:
or
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
55
+=
R3
R
R2
R
R
R1A
ff
1
f
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Voltage SummingVoltage Summing
The output is the sum
of individual signals
times the gain:
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
[Formula 14.3]
++++++++====
332211o
V
R
V
R
V
R
V
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Voltage BufferVoltage Buffer
Any amplifier with no gain or loss is called a unity gainunity gain
amplifieramplifier.
The advantages of using a unity gain amplifier:
Very high input impedance
Very low output impedance
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Realistically these circuits
are designed using equal
resistors (R1 = Rf) to avoid
problems with offset
voltages.
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Controlled SourcesControlled Sources
VoltageVoltage--controlled voltage sourcecontrolled voltage source
VoltageVoltage--controlled current sourcecontrolled current sourceCurrentCurrent--controlled voltage sourcecontrolled voltage source
CurrentCurrent--controlled current sourcecontrolled current source
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
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VoltageVoltage--Controlled Voltage SourceControlled Voltage Source
The output voltage
is the gain times the
input voltage. Whatmakes an op-amp
different from other
amplifiers is its
Noninverting Amplifier VersionNoninverting Amplifier Version
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
mpe ance
characteristics and
gain calculations
that depend solely
on external
resistors.
moremore
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VoltageVoltage--Controlled Voltage SourceControlled Voltage Source
The output voltage
is the gain times the
input voltage. Whatmakes an op-amp
different from other
amplifiers is its
Inverting Amplifier VersionInverting Amplifier Version
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
mpe ance
characteristics and
gain calculations
that depend solely
on external
resistors.
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VoltageVoltage--Controlled Current SourceControlled Current Source
The output currentis:
1kV
VI ========
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
1
R
1111
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CurrentCurrent--Controlled Voltage SourceControlled Voltage Source
This is simply another way
of applying the op-amp
operation. Whether theinput is a current
determined by Vin/R1 or as
I1:
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
or
in1
f
outV
RV
====
1212
L1outRIV =
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CurrentCurrent--Controlled Current SourceControlled Current Source
This circuit may appear
more complicated than
the others but it is reallythe same thing.
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
in
in
f
out
21
in
f
out
inin
f
out
R
V
R
V
R||R
V
R
V
VR
R
V
====
====
====
kIR
R1II
R
RR
R
VI
RR
RRVI
R||R
VI
2
1o
2
21
1
ino
21
21ino
21
in
o
====
++++====
++++====
++++====
====
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Instrumentation CircuitsInstrumentation Circuits
Some examples of instrumentation circuits using op-
amps:
Display driver
Instrumentation am lifier
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Display DriverDisplay Driver
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Instrumentation AmplifierInstrumentation Amplifier
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
For all Rs at the same value (except Rp):
(((( )))) (((( ))))2121P
o VVkVVR
2R1V ====
++++====
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Active FiltersActive Filters
Adding capacitors to op-amp circuits provides external control of the
cutoff frequencies. The op-amp active filter provides controllable
cutoff frequencies and controllable gain.
Low-pass filter
High-pass filter
Bandpass filter
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LowLow--Pass FilterPass FilterFirstFirst--OrderOrder
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
11
OHCR2
1f ====
1
fv
R
R1A ++++====
The upper cutoff frequency
and voltage gain are givenby:
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LowLow--Pass FilterPass FilterSecondSecond--OrderOrder
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
The roll-off can be made steeper by adding more RC networks.
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HighHigh--Pass FilterPass Filter
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
11
OLCR2
1f ====
The cutoff frequency is determined by:
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BandpassBandpass FilterFilter
There are two cutoff
frequencies: upper and
lower. They can becalculated using the same
low-pass cutoff and high-
pass cutoff frequency
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/eRobert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
ormu as n e
appropriate sections.
2121