element 7.ppt

8/10/2019 Element 7.ppt

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Sales ref: sc/591/v2

2) Outline the precautions that should be taken toreduce the risk of injury when work is carried out

on a pitched (sloping) roof. (8)the provision of safe access to the roof & roof edgeprotection,

the use of crawling boards or roof ladders,identifying & covering roof lights,

arrangements for moving tools & materials to & from theroof,

the issue of wearing of PPE such as helmets, footwear &harnesses,

the employment of a trained & competent workforce,

& the need to stop the work activity during adverseweather conditions.

Week 2 : Element 7


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3) Outline the main precautions to be takenwhen carrying out excavation work (8)

Ensuring no collapse of the excavation,

Identify buried services

Isolate buried services if possible

Prevent ingress of water,Prevent build-up of fumes

Preventing falling materials

Safety whilst using excavation machineryDo not undermine adjacent structures

Prevent vehicles falling in to excavation

Prevent people falling into excavations.


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4) Identify EIGHT safe practices to be followedwhen using a skip for the collection & removal ofwaste from a construction site. (8)

ensuring the integrity of the skip,locating the skip on firm, level ground away fromexcavations,ensuring clear access for filling & for removing from siteby vehicle,filling by chute or by mechanical means unless items are tobe placed in the skip by hand,introducing controls to prevent overfilling,

Control the tipping of incompatible wastes,Netting or sheeting when the skip is fullfire hazards created by the skips & the probable need tosite away from buildings & to protect against arson.


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5) Outline the main hazards that may be presentduring the demolition of a building (8)

Struck by falling debris, masonryPremature collapse of buildingFalls from height or same level

Underground and overhead servicesExplosion and fire Use of explosivesChemical and biological contaminationAsbestosManual handlingPlant Collisions and toppling overNoise:


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6) Mobile tower scaffolds should always be usedon stable, level ground. List Eight additionalpoints that should be considered to ensure safe

use. (8)ensuring the correct ratio between the height & basedimensions of the tower;the use of diagonal bracing;

the use of stabilisers;the provision of toe boards & guard rails;ensuring that wheels are locked;ensuring that the scaffold is not overloaded;& ensuring that it is not moved when loaded with persons&/or materials.Other possibilities relate to a secure means of access &maintaining safe distances between the tower & overhead

power lines.


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7) Identify the main dangers associated withexcavation work on construction sites. (8)

who might be harmed by a collapse of the excavation,contact with buried services,

ingress of water,

build-up of fumes

being struck by falling materials

dangers associated with the excavation machinery

(e.g. contact with overhead lines),

the effect on adjacent structuresthe possibility of vehicles or people falling into unprotected

excavations.


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8) a) Identify by means of a labelled sketch thecomponent parts of an independent tied scaffold(6)

b) Outline the precautions that should be taken toprevent materials falling from a scaffold whistwork in being carried out (2)

b) 1. Toe boards prevent items kicked fromplatform2. Mesh guards prevent items through guardrails3. Catch nets/debris chutes prevent itemsfalling to ground


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8) a)

SOLE BOARDS

BASE

PLATES

STANDARDS

LEDGERS

BRACING

GUARD RAILS

TOE BOARD

COUPLINGS

TRANSOMS

PLATFORM

MUST SHOW INTERNAL STANDARDS


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9) a) Explain the meaning of the term hazard (2)

b) Outline the main hazards that may be present during thedemolition of a building (6)

a) Something with the potential to cause harmb) Struck by falling debris, masonryPremature collapse of buildingFalls from height or same levelUnderground and overhead servicesExplosion and fire Use of explosives

Chemical and biological contaminationAsbestosManual handlingPlant Collisions and toppling over

Noise:


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10) Outline EIGHT precautions that may be taken toensure the safety of children who might be tempted togain unauthorised access to a construction site (8)

FencingSecurityCameras

Warning signsVisit schoolsTake children to site on visitsLock away vehicle keys

Lock away hazardous chemicalsRemove laddersCover holesReduce heights of materials


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11) a) Outline four ways in which a person may beinjured when using a ladder at work (4)

b) List the precautions that should be taken toensure the safe use of ladders at work (4)

a) Could fall off the ladder

Ladder could fall due to incorrect angleLadder could be struck by a vehicle

Manual handling injury erecting the ladder

Using aluminium ladder near electricity


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11) b)Ladder at correct angle ratio of 1 out : 4 upExtends above landing point (1.05 metres)Tied at top or footedPlaced on secure level groundVisible/in a safe position e.g.: access

Protected at base (vehicle collision)Suitable for purpose (single span/limitedLength/ Non metal near electricity)Pre-inspection/ladder register/maintained in good

conditionAssistance when removing/erecting ladderNot used for carrying excess loads/2 hands free/1 person


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12) (a) outline FIVE factors that may contribute tothe collapse of an independent tied scaffold (5)(b) outline precautions that could be taken to

prevent materials falling from a scaffold whilstwork is being carried out (3)

a) 1. Damaged/corroded scaffold components2. Insufficient ties3. Unstable ground/no sole boards4. High winds5. Inadequate bracing

b) 1. Toe boards prevent items kicked from platform2. Mesh guards prevent items through guard rails3. Catch nets/debris chutes prevent items falling toground


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14) a)

SOLE BOARDS

BASE

PLATES

STANDARDS

LEDGERS

BRACING

GUARD RAILS

TOE BOARD

COUPLINGS

TRANSOMS

PLATFORM

MUST SHOW INTERNAL STANDARDS


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14) b)Ladder at correct angle ratio of 1 out : 4 upExtends above landing point (1.05 metres)Tied at top or footedPlaced on secure level groundVisible/in a safe position e.g.: access

Protected at base (vehicle collision)Suitable for purpose (single span/limitedLength/ Non metal near electricity)Pre-inspection/ladder register/maintained in good

conditionRemoved/boarded at night/when not in useAssistance when removing/erecting ladderNot used for carrying excess loads/2 hands free/1 person


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Identification and isolation of services. Barriers and fences. Restricted access. Means of preventing falls from height. Use of Elephant Trunks for debris removal. Competent staff. Means of suppressing dust. Identification and correct removal of hazardoussubstances.

Preventing premature collapse (building and adjoiningbuildings). Properly maintained equipment. Sequence of demolition followed.

Responsibilities understood.

15) Outline EIGHT health and safety precautionsthat should be taken during demolition work (8)


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16) A contractor is to be selected to drain &clear a section of canal.

(i) Identify the information that might berequired to establish the suitability of thecontractor. (4)

(ii) Describe the hazards associated with thedraining & cleaning operation. (8)

(iii) Outline suitable controls to minimise therisk from the hazards identified. (8)


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16) a)

Previous experience with the type of work

Reputation amongst previous or current clients

Content and quality of Health and Safety policy

Content and quality of risk assessments

Training and qualifications of staff

Accident/enforcement history

Membership of approved accreditation bodies

Records of maintenance of equipment

Method statements


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16) (ii), falls into the water;entrapment in silt or mud;

collapse of the canal sides; flooding; hazards arising from the use of equipment; health hazards such as leptospirosis (Weils disease).

(iii), buoyancy aids & rescue equipment,access equipment,appropriate protective equipment,appropriate personal protective equipment,

edge protectionshoring of the canal banks,pumps against the risk of flooding, information to employees on the risks to their health & theprecautions to be taken.

17) O tli th ti t b t k h


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17) Outline the precautions to be taken whencarrying out repairs to the flat roof of a building(8)

Harness/edge protectionNetting/toe boards/demarcation areaSurvey roof/crawling boards

Safe scaffolding/laddersLimit job in advers weatherClothing/sun cream

Manual handling assessmentHoist/lift for materialsExclusion zonePPE/monitoring

18 ) O tli th ti t b t k h i g


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18 ) Outline the precautions to be taken when usinga mobile elevated work platform (MEWP) to reacha high point such as a streetlight (8)

Ensure competent workersOutriggers in place/brake securedAvoid overhead electrical cablesWear harnessDo not overload (SWL)/suitable for taskdo not over-reachSuitable ground conditions

Warning signs/barriersChecks before useMaintainedSuspend use in adverse weather

19) Identify ways in which accidents may be


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19) Identify ways in which accidents may beprevented when using ladders as a means ofaccess. (8)

the ladder is of the correct length/type & that it is sound(e.g. not painted or damaged).the ladder must be placed the right way up, on firm

ground & at the correct angle, securely footed &/or tied,& positioned to avoid over-reaching or contact with livecables.The base of the ladder should be protected fromcollisions by people or vehicles.

users of the ladder should have suitable footwear freefrom mud or grease & be provided with means ofkeeping their hands free (e.g. tool belts).


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20) Outline the possible risks to health &safety associated with laying paving slabsin a busy high street. (8)

trapped fingers, foot injuries & musculoskeletalproblems from handling slabs;

the possibility of being struck by traffic;injuries from the use of cutting discs (e.g. contactwith the disc & being struck by flying particles);the effects of exposure to noise, vibration, dust &wet cement;& the increased likelihood of tripping.


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22) (a) Outline the possible causes of a dumpertruck to overturn. (6)

(b) Identify TWO design features of the vehicleintended to minimise the consequences of an

overturn. (2)

(a) overloading or uneven loading of the bucket,

cornering at excessive speed,hitting obstructions,driving too close to the edges of embankments orexcavations,

mechanical defects,inappropriate tyre pressures,driving across slopes.(b) rollover protection & seat belts.the width of the wheelbase & the position of the centre ofgravity of the truck.


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23) Damaged corrugated roofing sheets on asingle storey factory are to be replaced. Access tothe roof will be via a mobile tower scaffold.

(i) Identify the hazards that are likely to beencountered during such work. (6)

(ii) Outline the precautions needed to ensure the

safe use of the mobile tower scaffold. (6)(iii) Outline the further precautions that may be

required to control the hazards identified in (i). (8)

23) (i)


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23) (i), working at height,falls of materialexposure to extreme weather conditions.work equipment (including access equipment),manual handling,work on or near fragile materialcontact with hazardous substances, particularly thepossibility of asbestos.

(ii), ensuring that the ratio of the height of the tower to its basedimensions is appropriate;the provision of adequate diagonal bracing;a fully boarded working platform with toe-boards & guardrails inplace;

safe means of access to the platform;means for locking the wheels of the tower when work is inoperation;the use of outriggers;checking that the condition of the ground on which the tower issited is suitable (e.g. level & firm) & the erection & inspection ofthe scaffold by competent persons.


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23) (iii) The provision & use of roof ladders, crawling boards,protection at roof edges & voids, & harnesses;

the provision of hoists, chutes & covered skips for theremoval of material being stripped from the roof;pprotection for those working below (e.g. barriers, netting,signs, safety helmets);isolation of overhead services or ensuring safe distances;the use of reduced low voltage or residual current devicesfor portable electrical tools;& protection against extreme weather conditions.Particular precautions would be required if asbestos wereinvolved, including the avoidance of breaking the sheets,the provision of respiratory protection & overalls, the needfor damping down, & ensuring the safe disposal of waste.

f f


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24) Identify the hazards associated with the use ofa cement mixer & explain how they should becontrolled. (8)

a) manual handling (which might be controlled by the useof mechanical aids, reduced weight of loads, the siting ofmaterials to reduce twisting &/or the provision of training);the corrosive & irritant properties of cement (which couldbe countered by the provision & use of appropriatepersonal protective equipment, safe systems of work &good hygiene practices);inhalation of the cement dust (against which masks mightbe provided);& machinery hazards such as moving parts, ejection ofmaterials & noise (where the control measures wouldinclude, where appropriate, the provision of guarding,goggles & hearing protection).


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Also relevant are hazards associated with thepower supply to the mixer.If petrol-driven, requirements would includestorage facilities for the fuel to protect against the

risk of fire, training in refuelling procedures, & theprohibition of the use of the mixer in confinedareas to protect employees against inhalation offumes.

If electrical, a similar system of regular inspection& testing of the equipment, & the use of residualcurrent devices to minimise the risk of shock,should be in place.

24) cont

element 7.ppt

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