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Sejarah perkembangan fotografi Bahagian asas dan fungsi kameraJenis-jenis dan aksesori kamera

Jenis-jenis filemTeknik penggambaran Komposisi Fotografi digital

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Point and shoot SLR and DSLR

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Twin lens reflex camera

Twin Lens cameras have two look-alike

lenses, hence the name "twin lens."

The scene before the camera is

actually photographed through thebottom lens while viewed through the

top lens. As the picture is focused

through the top lens, the bottom lens is

adusted at the same time.

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The !ingle Lens eflex #!L$

uses a series of mirrors so that

one may view the scene to be

photographed through the same

lens that takes the picture. %hen

the shutter release is depressedthe lower mirror snaps up, the

picture is taken, and the mirror

returns to its original position.

#&ence, a "reflex" action.$ At the

time the picture is taken, the

viewfinder is blackened for a splitsecond.

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digital sensor

filem

!emakin banyak cahaya yang atuh pada media ini,

semakain cerah gambar tersebut

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Lensa'kanta

besarkan dan fokuskan

ime pada media sensitif

cahaya melalui satu

pembukaan #aperture$

Shutter

(uka dan tutup bila

shutter release

dilepaskan, benarkan

cahaya masuk

Media yang sensitif

kpd cahaya(light-sensitive device)#filem atau digital

sensor$

Viewfindertempat kita lihat melalui

kamera untuk pilihbahagian gambar yang

diperlukan dan fokus

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Digunakan untuk membentuk imej yangjelas di atas fillem/digital sensor Diukur dalam unit mm! yang menentukan

fo"al length #jarak fokus$ Fo"al length yang berlainan membentuk

sai% imej yang berlainan

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(ormal/ standard lens #paparkan se"aratepat apa yang boleh dilihat oleh matamanusia$ * "th +,mm

Telephoto )ide angle #paparkan kaasan yang lebih

luas$ * kurang daripada standard fo"allength. "th 0 1 &+mm

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Prime lens #mempunyai fo"al length yangtetap. "th &+mm. 2,,mm$

3a"ro Fisheye #uses an angle of 4ie up to 25,

degrees6 The angle distorts the photographso the four sides appear to be farther aay$

Tele"on4erter #7 tele"on4erter atta"hesbeteen the "amera and another lens6 8t

in"reases the fo"al length of your lens$

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membaa objek jauh ke jarak yang dekat 9,-&,,mm

5+-2,mm

2&+-,,mm

&,,-:,,mm

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3empunyai gabungan beberapa jenis kantapada satu unit 5mm-+,mm #sudut luas ke normal$

+,mm-2,,mm #normal ke sederhana$

9,-,,mm #normal ke jauh$ 2&+-&,,mm #sederhana ke jauh$

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) !hutter speed #kelauan pengatup$) *!+ #, , / 0 dua kali ganda$) Aperture #sai1 bukaan lensa$

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;e

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Tempoh pembukaan

pengatup

nit ukuran ! saat "pecahan"fraction

#cth2 ', '3$.

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The shutter speeds are '3th of a second, '4th of asecond, '5th of a second, '5th of a second, etc.

6oving from one speed to the next one halves theamount of light that can enter the camera.

+n the other hand, moving the other way, to a slowershutter speed, doubles the amount of light that can getinto the camera.

The change from one speed to another #and halving ordoubling the light that enters the camera$ is calledmoving a stop.

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!hutter speed tidak boleh kurang daripada focal

length. 7th2 ika guna lensa mm, shutter speed

sekurang-kurangnya ' sec

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Kaasan yang jelas dalam Ditentukan oleh aperture dan jarak fokus

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The following depth of field test was taken with the same focus

distance and a mm lens #3 mm field of view on a 35 mm

camera$, but with various apertures2

f'8. f'5.4 f'.8

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9awasan mana

yang elas:

;enis aperture

apa yang bolehdigunakan untuk

menghasilkan

gambar ini:

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Aperture:

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#eddish"$ellowish image %orrect white balance

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=ambar mana mempunyai white balance yang betul:

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*ncorrect white balance 7orrect white balance

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=pti"al %oom * gunakan lensa pada kamera untukmembaa sabjek jauh kepada jarak dekat

Digital %oom * "rop bahagian gambar berkenaan danmembesarkan bahagian yang di"rop sahaja * kualititerjejas

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http://www.cs.mtu.edu/~shene/DigiCam/User-Guide/white-balance/wb-sunny-incand.jpghttp://www.cs.mtu.edu/~shene/DigiCam/User-Guide/white-balance/wb-sunny-w-preset.jpg

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The rule of thirds simply says that, instead of placing the main focus of

interest in the centre of the frame, which gets a little boring, that youlook to position it on an intersection of the thirds. That is to say one third

up and one third in or two thirds up and one third in etc

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railroad tracks bring your eye from the railroad worker to the train wreck

behind him2

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the child is framed between the lines of the abacus

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the child drawing on the ground is the foreground element, but the

children behind him add an additional layer. *t shows that he is

participating in an activity with others and isn>t ust by himself.

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the subect in very bright light wearing colorful clothes

while the rest of the image is very dark.

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the sky acts as the negative space and balances the buildings in

the frame.

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selectively focusing on the girl to draw attention to her and

separate her from the environment.

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!hot from high angle

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7dobe photoshop 3i"rosoft Photo editor 3i"rosoft Paint

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