em p 01 energy statistics & emergy prices slides

8/9/2019 EM P 01 Energy Statistics & Emergy Prices Slides

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Energy Management :: 2007/2008

Class # 1P

Course organization and

Energy statistics

Energy Prices

Dr. João Parente

[email protected]


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Energy Management

Class # 1P :: Course organization and Energy statistics+ Energy Prices Slide 2 of 53

Evaluation

CLASSES:

Theoretical

Monday, from 14h30 to 16h30 (IST - room V1.36, Civil Eng. Building) or Friday from 15h to 17h (IST- room

QA02.1, South Tower), and

Practical

Tuesday from 13h to 14h30 (IST - room C12, Central Building), or from 14h30 to 16h (IST - room V1.25, CivilEng. Building), or

Thursday from 14h30 to 16h (IST - room V1.33, Civil Eng. Building), or from 16h to 17h30 (IST - room V1.16,

Civil Eng. Building).


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Energy Management


Course Organization

Week Dates Summary Assignement

1 10, 14 Set Sustainability and resource management

2 17, 21 Set Energy Markets OUT, 1

3 24, 28

Set Energy

and

environment:

LCA Presentation

TERM

PAPER

Topics

4 1, 5 Out Energy and environment: LCA OUT, 2

5 8, 12 Out Energy Services Definition Term Paper Topics

6 15, 19 Out Energy Systems modeling: Blocks OUT, 3

7 22, 26 Out Energy Systems modeling: I‐O OUT, 4

8 29 Out,

2 Nov Energy

Management

in

Industry

9 5, 9 Nov Main Energy Transformation Equipments Characterization, energy audits OUT, 5

10 12, 16 Nov Energy Management Systems in Industry

11 19, 23 Nov Integration of Energy Systems: Demand side management. OUT, 6

12 26, 30 Nov Energy Efficiency, tools and practice

13 3, 7 Dez Energy efficiency in buildings

14 10, 14 Dez The role of renewables


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Energy Management


Evaluation

Contribution to the

final classification

6 Assignments 3% each

1 Term paper 22 %

1 Exam 60 %


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply

Source: http://www.snowman-jim.org/science/images


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply :: Regional Shares of TPES

OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

(Europe) Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Italy;

Luxembourg; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Slovak Republic; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; United

Kingdom;

(rest of the world) Australia; Canada; Japan; Korea; Mexico; NewZealand ;United States

*Excludes electricity and heat trade.

**Asia excludes China.

Source: IEA, 2007


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply :: Fuel Shares of TPES

*Excludeselectricity andheat trade.

**Other includesgeothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.

toe - tonesofoil equivalentSource: IEA, 2007


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply :: Oil

Source: BP, 2007


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply :: Oil

Source: IEA, 2007

Source: BP, 2007


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply :: Natural Gas

Source: BP, 2007


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply :: Natural Gas

Source: IEA, 2007

Source: BP, 2007


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply :: Coal

Source: BP, 2007


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply :: Coal

Source: BP, 2007


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply :: Nuclear

Source: BP, 2007


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Energy Management



Source: IEA, 2007


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Energy Management



Source: IEA, 2007


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply :: Hydroelectricity

Source: BP, 2007


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Energy Management



Source: IEA, 2007


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Energy Management



Source: IEA, 2007


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Energy Management


Primary Energy Supply in Portugal

Source: http: //www.eco.edp.pt/image/Empresas.jpg

http ://idgnow.uol.com.br/idg images/galerias/energia_das_ondas/energia_ondas_01.jpg

Source: http: //www.ge.com/es/docs/442700_Serpa.jpg


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Energy Management


Energy Transformation

Source: http ://www.fenco-era.net/


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Energy Management


Energy Transformation :: Electricity Production

Source: http ://www.fenco-era.net/


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Energy Management



Source: IEA, 2007

E M t


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Energy Management



0

4000

8000

12000

16000

20000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Africa

Middle EastS. & Cent. America

Asia Pacific

Europe & Eurasia

North America

27%

28%

33%

5%4% 3%

Electricity production

Terawatt-hours

Source: BP, 2007

2006

E M t


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Energy Management



Source: IEA, 2007

Energy Management


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Energy Management


Energy Demand

Source: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY - ENERGY USES IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, Prof . Michael W. Golay, MIT - Nuclear Engineering Dept. 2007

Energy Management


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Energy Management


Energy Demand :: Consumption per capita

Source: BP, 2007

Energy Management


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Energy Management


Energy Demand :: Regional consumption pattern

Energy Management


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Energy Management


Energy Demand :: Consumption by sector

1973

2005

35%

25%

33%

7%

26%

28%

37%

9%

Other includesgeothermal. solar. electricity andheat. wind. etc.

Source: IEA, 2007

Energy Management


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gy g


Energy Demand :: Oil

Source: IEA, 2007

Energy Management


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gy g


Energy Demand :: Natural Gas

Source: IEA, 2007

Energy Management


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Energy Demand :: Coal

Source: IEA, 2007

Energy Management


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Energy Demand :: Electricity

Source: IEA, 2007


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Energy Management


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1%

60%

22%

17%

5%

46

15%

15%

19%

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Others

Electricity

Natural gas

OilCoal

Energy Demand in Portugal :: Energy consumption by source

Energy consumption by source

kTOE

Others include wood, wastes, heat, …

Source: DGGE, 2007

1990

2004

Energy Management


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29%

33%

20%

18%

39%

28%

23%

10%

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Services

Domestic

Transportation

Industry (1)

Energy Demand in Portugal : : Energy consumption by sector

Energy consumpt ion by sector

kTOE

(1) Includes transformation and extraction industry. Does not include final uses as raw materials, nor non energetic uses of o il.

Source: DGGE, 2007

1990

2004

Energy Management


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Energy Supply & Demand Trends

Source: http://www.lisbonideaschallenge.com.pt

Energy Management


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Energy Supply & Demand Trends :: TPES outlook by fuel type

20001850 21502050 210019501900

80

60

40

20

0

Solids

Liquids

Gases

Wood Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydrogen

Copyright ©1999-2004, Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, 11549 USA.

Energy Management


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References & Further Reading

Source: IEA, 2007

• IEA 2007, Key World Energy Statistics http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2007/key_stats_2007.pdf

• BP 2007, Statistical Review of World Energy June 2007http://www.bp.com/

• DGGE 2007, http://www.dgge.pt/

• Tester, J. et al 2005, Sustainable Energy –Choosing Among Options, MIT Press 1st Edition.

• IEA 2004, Energy Policies of IEA Countries, Portugal 2004 review, International Energy Agency, 2004

http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2004/portugal.pdf

• IEA 2001, Energy Indicators and Sustainable Development, presented at COP7 meeting, 29 October–9 November,

Marrakesh http://www.iea.org/textbase/papers/2001/cop7sus.pdf

Energy Management


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PROBLEMS

Energy Management


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Problems

PROBLEM 1:

Consider a house with an electrical contract of 10,35 kVA. The present contract is in simple tariff. The

consumption power daily profile is represented in the figure.

The owner is considering to substitute the fridge by a new one. The fridge presents an average power of 200

W, while the new one is expected to consume 100 W.

Consider the following simplifications:

a) Winter peak schedule

b) Constant power consumption of the fridge

Questions:

a) What is the present electricity monthly bill ?

b) Is dual tariff, cycle daily, less expensive ?

c) Considering that the contract has been optimized, what will be the annual saves from the fridge

substitution ?

Energy Management

P bl


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Problems

PROBLEM 1:

Energy Management

R l t d k t t iff


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Regulated market tariff

NON RESIDENTIAL (BTE, MT, AT, MAT)

•Energy (3 or 4 periods)

•Peak power (Php)

•Contracted power (Pc)

RESIDENTIAL (BTN)

•Energy (peak and off-peak period)•Contracted Power

Energy Management

Residential


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Residential

Appl icat ion: A house with a 6,9 kVA contracted power has a monthly consumption of 200 kWh at peak

hours and 100 kWh at off-peak hours. What is the best option in the Regulated Market ?

TARIFFS PEAK SCHEDULE

FIX TERM

Contracted

power

(kVA)

Number of

contracts

Price for

simple tariff

(€/month)

Price for

dual tariff

(€/month)

3,45 2.881.831 5,57 8,25

4,6 45.504 7,47 10,64

5,75 25.336 9,38 13,03

6,9 1.137.272 11,29 15,42

10,35 342.316 16,68 22,13

13,8 116.915 22,16 28,95

17,25 34.800 27,50 35,5820,7 141.403 33,09 42,56

0,1077 €/kWh

0,0584 €/kWh

Energy in peak period

VARIABLE TERM

Energy in off peak period0,1077 €/kWh

WINTER SUMMER

8h - 22h 9h - 23 h

Working

days

Sunday

ALL YEAR WINTER SUMMER ALL YEAR7h - 24h 9h30 - 13h

18h30 - 22h

9h - 14h

20h - 22h

Never

Saturday

DAILY CYCLE

WEEKLY CYCLE

Energy Management

Problems


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Problems

SOLUTION PROBLEM 1:

a) 3 minutes

Daily consumption is

Daily consumption = 6x4 + 5 + 4x5+3x9 + 5x1 = 81 kWh/day

Monthly consumption:

Monthly consumption = 81 x 30 = 2430 kWh/month

Present electricity monthly bill:

Monthly bill = Fixed term + Variable term = 16,68 + 2430 x 0,1077 = 278 €/month

b) 5 minutes

For the daily cycle:Peak hours (8h –22h) = 6x3 + 5 + 4 + 3 x 9 = 54 kWh/day or 1620 kWh/month

Off peak hours = 81 – 54 = 27 kWh/day or 810 kWh/month

Present electricity monthly bill:

Monthly bill = 22,13 + 1620x0,1077 + 810x0,0584 = 243 €/month

There is a benefit with the dual tariff, daily cycle.

c) 3 minutes

Supposing that, the contract has been changed for the dual tariff, daily cycle. The daily cost saving will be:

(considering that there are 14 peak hours and 10 off peak hours)

Daily cost saving = (0,2 –0,1) x (14x0,1077 + 10x0,0584) = 0,21 €/day

The cost saving in one year will be:

Monthly cost saving = 0,21x365 = 77 €/year

Energy Management

Problems


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Problems

PROBLEM 2:

Consider a WC that have to ways to dry your hands: electrical hot air blow and recycled paper. The electrical

equipment has a power of 1,5 kW and takes 60 seconds to dry your hands. Drying with paper requires 30 g of

paper.

Consider that:

a) The production of 1 kg of paper requires 0,2 m3of natural gas and 0,3 kWh

b) The electricity of charged under a BTN simple tariff

c) In industry electricity as a price of 0,07 €/kWh

With this conditions:a) What is the energy consumption of each solution ?

b) What is the cheaper solution ?

Energy Management

FUEL PRICES


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FUEL PRICES

Average prices, based on data from DGEG (www.dgge.pt).

Natural gas prices are strongly dependent on the consumption magnitudeas will be presented forward.

Biomass prices depend very much of biomass source, size and humidit y

LHV

(MJ/kg)

PRICE PRICE

€/GJ

Coal (power st.) 29 0,05 €/kg 2

Biomass 10 0,05 €/kg 5

Natural gas 39 0,03 €/kWh 8Fuel-oil 40 0,46 €/kg 12

Propane 47 1,1 €/kg 23

Gas-oil 43 1,084 €/l (0,835 kg/l) 30

Petrol 45 1,32 €/l (0,75 kg/l) 39

Natural gas 39 0,58 €/m3 14

Gas-oil 43 0,733 €/l (0,835 kg/l) 20

Butane 47 1,38 €/kg 29

Propane 47 1,7 €/kg 36

INDUSTRY

TRANSPORTS

RESIDENTIAL

Consolidation: Is electricity an expensive energy ?

Energy Management

Problems


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Problems

SOLUTION PROBLEM 2:

a) 5 minutes

The electricity consumption is:

Electricity consumption = 1,5 x (60 / 3600) = 0,025 kWh

The industrial consumption to produce 1 kg of paper is:

Industrial consumption = 0,2 m3 x 39 MJ/m3 x (1/3,6) kWh/MJ +0,3 kWh

= 2,2 + 0,3 = 2,5 kWh/kg paper

Considering that each paper towel weights 30 g:

Industrial consumption = 2,5 x 0,03 = 0,075 kWh

In this case, the best solution in terms of energy consumption is the hand dryer.

b) 5 minutes

With the hand dryer, the electric consumption costs:

Electricity cost = 0,025 x 0,1077 = 0,0026 €

With the paper towel, the natural gas costs 0,03 €/kWh. As already calculated, the natural gásconsumption

represents 2,2 kWh/kg of paper, meaning that:

Paper towel cost = 0,03 x (2,2 x 0,03 + 0,3 x 0,07) = 0,0026 €In terms of energy cost, both solutions are equivalent.

em p 01 energy statistics & emergy prices slides

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