embeded web server -...

ISSN 2278 ndash 7798 International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)

Volume 1 Issue 3 September 2012

6 All Rights Reserved copy 2012 IJSETR

EMBEDED WEB SERVER VSRIDHAR

1 1 Assistant Professor ECE Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology Hyderabad

ABSTRACT Ethernet is the most widely used local area network (LAN) technology The original and most popular version of Ethernet

supports a data transmission rate of 10 Mbs Newer versions of Ethernet called Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet support data

rates of 100 Mbs and 1 Gbs (1000 Mbs) An Ethernet LAN may use coaxial cable special grades of twisted pair wiring or fiber optic

cable Bus and Star wiring configurations are supported This small Ethernet remote device opens a completely new world of

fantastic applications Its small its easy to build and there are endless possibilities to use it The communication is fast There is no delay

between the sending of the command and the answer That is very different from RS232 at standard 9600 baud as used for most

microcontroller communication The main aim of the paper development is to implement the compact Ethernet based web server This

high performance unit is possible by interfacing an Ethernet controller to the high speed AVR controller In order to implement this we

have to select one Ethernet controller which is SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) based and is easy to interface with microcontroller The

ENC28J60 is a stand-alone Ethernet controller with an industry standard Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) It is designed to serve as an

Ethernet network interface for any controller equipped with SPI ENC28J60 can support either full duplex mode or half duplex mode It

will take transmittingreceiving 8Kbytes ENC28J60 has internal DMA for fast access data The module allows a user to interface a home

appliance through the internet The paper is designed for a generic home appliance so the only user option is to turn it onoff By selecting

the data from web page we can send the packet of information to the LAN Microcontroller collects this packet processes it and outputs

the data The data goes into a circuit which turns the appliance off or on The point of this paper is to create a module for appliances that

would interface with the internet Each appliance or module would have its own IP address which would allow users to turn the appliance

off and on

Keywords LANBUSSTARWEBSERVERENC28J60DMASPIIP

I INTRODUCTION

Embedded systems are electronic devices that

incorporate microprocessors with in their implementations

The main purposes of the microprocessors are to simplify the

system design and provide flexibility Having a

microprocessor in the device helps in removing the bugs

making modifications or adding new features are only matter

of rewriting the software that controls the device Or in other

words embedded computer systems are electronic systems that

include a microcomputer to perform a specific dedicated

application The computer is hidden inside these products

Embedded systems are ubiquitous Every week millions of

tiny computer chips come pouring out of factories finding

their way into our everyday products

Embedded systems are self-contained programs that

are embedded within a piece of hardware Whereas a regular

computer has many different applications and software that

can be applied to various tasks embedded systems are usually

set to a specific task that cannot be altered without physically

manipulating the circuitry Another way to think of an

embedded system is as a computer system that is created with

optimal efficiency thereby allowing it to complete specific

functions as quickly as possible

Embedded systems designers usually have a

significant grasp of hardware technologies They use specific

programming languages and software to develop embedded

systems and manipulate the equipment When searching

online companies offer embedded systems development kits

and other embedded systems tools for use by engineers and

businesses Embedded systems technologies are usually fairly

expensive due to the necessary development time and built in

efficiencies but they are also highly valued in specific

industries Smaller businesses may wish to hire a consultant to

determine what sort of embedded systems will add value to

their organization

2 Ethernet

Ethernet is a standard communication protocol

embedded in software and hardware devices intended for

building a local area network (LAN) A NIC is installed in

each computer and is assigned a unique address An Ethernet

cable runs from each NIC to the central switch or hub The

switch or hub will act as a relay (though they have significant

differences in how they handle network traffic) receiving and

directing packets of data across the LAN Thus Ethernet

networking creates a communications system that allows the

sharing of data and resources including printers fax machines

and scanners Ethernet networks can also be wireless Rather

than using Ethernet cable to connect the computers wireless

NIC s use radio waves for two-way communication with a

wireless switch or hub

A local-area network (LAN) protocol developed by Xerox

Corporation in cooperation with DEC and Intel in 1976

bull Ethernet uses a bus or star topology and supports data

transfer Rates of 101001000 Mbps

bull The Ethernet specification served as the basis for the IEEE

8023Standards which specifies the physical and lower

software layers




bull Ethernet uses the CSMACD access method to handle

Simultaneous demands

bull Ethernet defines the lower two layers of the OSI Reference

Model

This small Ethernet remote device opens a

completely new world of fantastic applications Its small its

easy to build and there are endless possibilities to use it The

communication is fast There is no delay between the sending

of the command and the answer That is very different from

RS232 at standard 9600 baud as used for most microcontroller

communication

The ENC28J60 is a stand-alone Ethernet controller

with an industry standard Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) It

is designed to serve as an Ethernet network interface for any

controller equipped with SPI ENC28J60 can support either

full duplex mode or half duplex mode It will take

transmittingreceiving 8Kbytes ENC28J60 has internal DMA

for fast access data

The main aim of this paper is to design a hardware

using microcontroller and ENC28J60 so that we can store files

which are there in local systems in a secured way because

virus will not affect the device as the microcontroller does not

have any operating system that can respond to the virus on the

disk and this device acts as a server

3 Block Diagram

The ATmega32 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller based on the AVR Enhanced RISC

architecture By executing powerful instructions in a single

clock cycle theATmega32 achieves throughputs approaching

1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize

power Consumption versus processing speed

The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with

32 general purpose working registers All the 32 registers are

directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

allowing two Independent registers to be accessed in one

single instruction executed in one clock cycle The resulting

architecture is more code efficient while achieving

throughputs up token times faster than conventional CISC

microcontrollers

The ATmega32 provides the following features 32K

bytes of In-System Programmable Flash Program memory

with Read-While-Write capabilities 1024 bytes EEPROM

2Kbyte SRAM 32 general purpose IO lines 32 general

purpose working registers a JTAG interface for Boundary-

scan On-chip Debugging support and programming three

flexible TimerCounters with compare modes Internal and

External Interrupts a serial programmable USART a byte

oriented Two-wire Serial Interface an 8-channel 10-bitADC

with optional differential input stage with programmable gain

(TQFP package only)a programmable Watchdog Timer with

Internal Oscillator an SPI serial port and six software

selectable power saving modes The Idle mode stops the CPU

while allowing the USART Two-wire interface AD

Converter SRAM TimerCounters SPI port and interrupt

system to continue functioning The Power-down mode saves

the register contents but freezes the Oscillator disabling all

other chip functions until the next External Interrupt or

Hardware Reset In Power-save mode the Asynchronous

Timer continues to run allowing the user to maintain a timer

base while the rest of the device is sleeping The ADC Noise

Reduction mode stops the CPU and all IO modules except

Asynchronous Timer and ADC to minimize switching noise

during ADC conversions In Standby mode the

crystalresonator Oscillator is running while the rest of the

device is sleeping

This allows very fast start-up combined with low-

power consumption In Extended Standby mode both the

main Oscillator and the Asynchronous Timer continue to

runThe device is manufactured using Atmelrsquos high density

nonvolatile memory technology

The On-chip ISP Flash allows the program

memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an SPI serial

interface by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer

or by an On-chip Boot program running on the AVR core The

boot program can use any interface to download the

application program in the Application Flash memory

Software in the Boot Flash section will continue to run while

the Application Flash section is updated providing true Read-

While-Write operation By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU

with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a monolithic

chip the Atmel ATmega32 is a powerful microcontroller that

provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many

embedded control applications The ATmega32 AVR is

supported with a full suite of program and system

development tools including C compilers macro assemblers

program debuggersimulators in-circuit emulators and

evaluation kits




Figure1 Block Diagram of atmega32

4 Block Diagram of ENC28J60

41 ENC28J60-BASED INTERFACE

42 ENC28J60 Memory Organization




5BLOCK DIAGRAM

52 Schematic Diagram

521 Switching of the BULB

Fig521 Switching of the BULB

522 Triac CircuitRelay Circuit

Fig 522 Triac Circuit Relay Circuit

523 ENC28J60 Connections

Fig 523 ENC28J60 Connections

524 ATMEGA32L Connections




Fig 524 ATMEGA32L Connections

53 Circuit Description

531 Designing

Since the main intension of this project is to design

an embedded web server In order to fulfill this application

there are few steps that has been performed ie

1) Designing the power supply for the entire

circuitry

2) Selection of microcontroller that suits our

application

3) Selection of Ethernet module

4) Selection of Relay

Complete studies of all the above points are useful to develop

this project

532 Power Supply Section

There are many types of power supply Most are

designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a

suitable low voltage supply for electronics circuits and other

devices A power supply can by broken down into a series of

blocks each of which performs a particular function

For example a 5V regulated supply

Each of the blocks is described in more detail below

Transformer - steps down high voltage AC mains to

low voltage AC

Rectifier - converts AC to DC but the DC output is

varying

Smoothing - smooth the DC from varying greatly to a

small ripple

Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to

a fixed voltage

TRANSFORMER ONLY

The low voltage AC output is suitable for

lamps heaters and special AC motors It is not suitable for

electronic circuits unless they include a rectifier and a

smoothing capacitor

TRANSFORMER + RECTIFIER

The varying DC output is suitable for

lamps heaters and standard motors It is not suitable for

electronic circuits unless they include a smoothing capacitor

TRANSFORMER + RECTIFIER + SMOOTHING




The smooth DC output has a small ripple It is

suitable for most electronic circuits

TRANSFORMER + RECTIFIER + SMOOTHING +

REGULATOR

The regulated DC output is very smooth

with no ripple It is suitable for all electronic circuits

A smaller capacitor (01uF) will help

suppress higher frequency noise and shorter power dips (noise

in the 1us to 100us range) Therefore 01uF caps are located

near the ICrsquos (7805 microcontrollerhellip) to help with short

bursts where 100uF and 10uF capacitors are used on the

power rails

533 Selection of Microcontroller

As we know that there so many types of

micro controller families that are available in the market

Those are

1) 8051 Family

2) AVR microcontroller Family

3) PIC microcontroller Family

4) ARM Family

In order to fulfill our application basic that

is ATMEGA16 controller is enough There are minimum

requirements for proper operation of microcontroller

Those are

1) power supply section

2) Pull-ups for ports

3) Reset circuit

4) Crystal circuit

5) ISP circuit (for program dumping)

Reset circuit is used to reset the

microcontroller Crystal circuit is used for the

microcontroller for timing pluses

534 Selection of Ethernet Module

The Industrial Ethernet Module is based on

an Alter Cyclone III FPGA An integrated CPU is responsible

for processing the Industrial Ethernet protocol and data

exchange via the host interface It also has 8 MB RAM to run

the protocol software and 2 MB FLASH from which the

software and the FPGA design are loaded In this project I am

using ENC28j60 Ethernet module

535 Selection of Relay

A relay is an electrical switch that opens and

closes under the control of another electrical circuit In the

original form the switch is operated by an electromagnet to

open or close one or many sets of contacts In this project we

are using SPDT (single pole double throw) relay to activate

either cooler circuit or heater circuit

536 Connection of Ethernet Module

In this PAPER I am using ENC28J60

Ethernet Module The 10th 9th 8th 7th pins are connected to

the PORTB4 PORTB7 PORTB6 and PORTB5

537 Connections of Relay

The relay is used to activate either fan circuit of light

circuit The input of relay is connected to PORTD7 of

controller to ON either fan or light

538 Circuit Operation

In this project I am using ENC28J60

Ethernet Module The ENC28J60 is module that is designed to

be intermediary connection between Microcontroller and

Ethernet controller It supports TCPIP protocol The Ethernet

Module is connected to controller The ENC28J60 comes with

board number which can be used to form a MAC address




The controller can send the data to Ethernet

Module by using SPI protocol Then ENC28J60 load the web

page by using TCPIP protocol Then controller can receive

the data from server and it can particular task depending upon

the sending data

6 WORKING PRINCIPLES

61 Working

611 Entering the IP

Step 1 ndash Entering the IP address we assign to our server

Fig 411 Entering the IP

612 Applying the values to be changed

Step 2 ndash Change the settings of our device from the web page The Webserver client GUI consists of two screens the login

screen where the user is asked to enter a valid username and

password combination and submit it and the pin status screen

where the statuses of all Input and Output pins are

DisplayedHere is a snapshot of the login screen

Fig 612 Logging IN

And here is an image of the pin status screen

Fig 612 Changing Values

The status of the InputOutput pin is displayed through an

image An Off image is used for logic level 0 and On for

logic level 1 Referring to the fig above Input pin 2 is logic

high (On) while all other inputs are logic low (Off) All

outputs are logic low

613 Updating InputOutput

Step 3 ndash Updating the input and output values in the real time

operating system of our Server




Fig 613 Update IO

62 Program Flow




63 An Example Program Flow

7 RESULT ANALYSIS

Step 1 The Connections Initially

Fig 51 Initial Connections

Step 2 We log in to our personal web page by entering

the IP address in the Browser

Fig 72 Entering the IP address in the Browse

Step 3 Switching the FAN from OFF to ON state




Fig 73 Controlling the FAN

Fig 74 Rotating motor

Step 4 Switching the LIGHT from OFF to ON state

Fig 75 Controlling the LIGHT

Fig 76 BULB is ON

Step5Both LIGHT and FAN are in ON state




Fig 77 Bulb and Fan are switched ON

8 CONCLUSIONS These days many devices are

connected to the Internet Some refrigerators are connected to

the Internet and the status of the refrigerators such as

temperature whether the door is open or not current stock can

be checked through the web browser And there are many

telerobots in the Internet these days A telerobot is a robot

which can be controlled remotely through the network And

there is a laundry machine connected to the Internet and the

current status of the machine can be checked remotely And

some people wire their home and control all the appliances in

their home remotely There is a house where the doorbell is

connected to the Internet and if the doorbell rings then an

email is sent to the owner of the house Also a phone and a

caller-ID unit are connected to the Internet and the owner can

check the recent calls through the Internet There can be many

other applications that may need the Internet-connected

devices

A Webserver may be connected directly to an 8023

(Ethernet) network through its Ethernet interface and a client

on the same network may access it by simply typing its IP

address in a web browser window For remote clients the

Ethernet network has to have a connection to the Internet

through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) The remote client

(who also must have access to the Internet) may then type the

IP address of the server and gain access to it

The Embedded Webserver may also be connected to an

ISPs web server through the public telephone network

(PSTN) via a Modem connected to its serial port The remote

client then has to follow the same procedure as described

earlier Alternately a remote client may connect to the

Webserver by dialing-in

Suppose in an Industry we have to control a huge

machine For this purpose a person should be available always

at the place of machine in order to control it So in order to

control the machine being elsewhere we have to interface the

machine with some controlling device Here we use a web

server to control the machine by enabling a Ethernet

connection with the machine and controlling it with the web

page with instructions available These instructions have been

already dumped into the server in coding part This is more

efficient than any other controlling device because this can be

embedded with any device and anytime The Embedded Web

server is the best way to access and control any device from

any place in the world through internet Comparing with other

ways of controlling devices this is most efficient because

nowadays Internet is available in all parts of the world So

even the person is on a holiday they can control their devices

just by logging in their web pages

9 REFERENCES

1 ldquoThe 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systemsrdquo

by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie

Mazidi Pearson Education

2 8051 Microcontroller Architecture programming and

application by KENNETH JAYALA

3 ATMEL 89s52 Data sheets

4 Hand book for Digital ICrsquos from Analogic Devices

5 httpwwwhamjudocomcgi-binrefrigerator

6 httpspleenmiteduLAUNDRYindexhtml

7 httptelerobotmechuwaeduau




Authors Biography

VARADALA SRIDHAR is from HYDERABAD

ANDHRAPRADESH and BORN on 25th

JAN 1985

Completed MTECH in ECE with specialization

(WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION

SYSTEMS) from vardhaman college of engineering affiliated

by JNTUH in 2011he has completed MSc (IT)from

Nagarjuna University guntur AndhraPradeshand BTECH

in ECE from vidya jyothi institute of technology affiliated by

JNTUH in 2007 Currently he is working as an Assistant

professor in ECE department at Vidya Jyothi Institute of

Technology Hyderabad from 2010 His areas of research

interests include Wireless and Mobile communications

DigitalsignalprocessingImageprocessingTelecommunicati

ons communication systems Signal processingEmbedded

systems He has published more than 20 international

research journals papersHe is Lifetime Membership of

ISTE IETE IAENG SDIWC IACSIT CSTA UACEE

and AND MCDM He is reviewer of SDIWC IJARCET

SSRGJ-IJCTT He is Editorial board member of IJCIT

IJARCET IJOART IJARECE IJARCSEE AND

IJSETR




bull Ethernet uses the CSMACD access method to handle

Simultaneous demands

bull Ethernet defines the lower two layers of the OSI Reference

Model

This small Ethernet remote device opens a

completely new world of fantastic applications Its small its

easy to build and there are endless possibilities to use it The

communication is fast There is no delay between the sending

of the command and the answer That is very different from

RS232 at standard 9600 baud as used for most microcontroller

communication

The ENC28J60 is a stand-alone Ethernet controller

with an industry standard Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) It

is designed to serve as an Ethernet network interface for any

controller equipped with SPI ENC28J60 can support either

full duplex mode or half duplex mode It will take

transmittingreceiving 8Kbytes ENC28J60 has internal DMA

for fast access data

The main aim of this paper is to design a hardware

using microcontroller and ENC28J60 so that we can store files

which are there in local systems in a secured way because

virus will not affect the device as the microcontroller does not

have any operating system that can respond to the virus on the

disk and this device acts as a server

3 Block Diagram

The ATmega32 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller based on the AVR Enhanced RISC

architecture By executing powerful instructions in a single

clock cycle theATmega32 achieves throughputs approaching

1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize

power Consumption versus processing speed

The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with

32 general purpose working registers All the 32 registers are

directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

allowing two Independent registers to be accessed in one

single instruction executed in one clock cycle The resulting

architecture is more code efficient while achieving

throughputs up token times faster than conventional CISC

microcontrollers

The ATmega32 provides the following features 32K

bytes of In-System Programmable Flash Program memory

with Read-While-Write capabilities 1024 bytes EEPROM

2Kbyte SRAM 32 general purpose IO lines 32 general

purpose working registers a JTAG interface for Boundary-

scan On-chip Debugging support and programming three

flexible TimerCounters with compare modes Internal and

External Interrupts a serial programmable USART a byte

oriented Two-wire Serial Interface an 8-channel 10-bitADC

with optional differential input stage with programmable gain

(TQFP package only)a programmable Watchdog Timer with

Internal Oscillator an SPI serial port and six software

selectable power saving modes The Idle mode stops the CPU

while allowing the USART Two-wire interface AD

Converter SRAM TimerCounters SPI port and interrupt

system to continue functioning The Power-down mode saves

the register contents but freezes the Oscillator disabling all

other chip functions until the next External Interrupt or

Hardware Reset In Power-save mode the Asynchronous

Timer continues to run allowing the user to maintain a timer

base while the rest of the device is sleeping The ADC Noise

Reduction mode stops the CPU and all IO modules except

Asynchronous Timer and ADC to minimize switching noise

during ADC conversions In Standby mode the

crystalresonator Oscillator is running while the rest of the

device is sleeping

This allows very fast start-up combined with low-

power consumption In Extended Standby mode both the

main Oscillator and the Asynchronous Timer continue to

runThe device is manufactured using Atmelrsquos high density

nonvolatile memory technology

The On-chip ISP Flash allows the program

memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an SPI serial

interface by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer

or by an On-chip Boot program running on the AVR core The

boot program can use any interface to download the

application program in the Application Flash memory

Software in the Boot Flash section will continue to run while

the Application Flash section is updated providing true Read-

While-Write operation By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU

with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a monolithic

chip the Atmel ATmega32 is a powerful microcontroller that

provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many

embedded control applications The ATmega32 AVR is

supported with a full suite of program and system

development tools including C compilers macro assemblers

program debuggersimulators in-circuit emulators and

evaluation kits











5BLOCK DIAGRAM














531 Designing





circuitry


application




this project










low voltage AC


varying


small ripple


a fixed voltage

TRANSFORMER ONLY




smoothing capacitor












REGULATOR








power rails




Those are

1) 8051 Family



4) ARM Family




Those are



3) Reset circuit

4) Crystal circuit










































the sending data


61 Working

611 Entering the IP









Fig 612 Logging IN














Fig 613 Update IO

62 Program Flow





7 RESULT ANALYSIS














Fig 76 BULB is ON






















devices
































9 REFERENCES














Authors Biography



JAN 1985



















IJSETR











5BLOCK DIAGRAM














531 Designing





circuitry


application




this project










low voltage AC


varying


small ripple


a fixed voltage

TRANSFORMER ONLY




smoothing capacitor












REGULATOR








power rails




Those are

1) 8051 Family



4) ARM Family




Those are



3) Reset circuit

4) Crystal circuit










































the sending data


61 Working

611 Entering the IP









Fig 612 Logging IN














Fig 613 Update IO

62 Program Flow





7 RESULT ANALYSIS














Fig 76 BULB is ON






















devices
































9 REFERENCES














Authors Biography



JAN 1985



















IJSETR






531 Designing





circuitry


application




this project










low voltage AC


varying


small ripple


a fixed voltage

TRANSFORMER ONLY




smoothing capacitor












REGULATOR








power rails




Those are

1) 8051 Family



4) ARM Family




Those are



3) Reset circuit

4) Crystal circuit










































the sending data


61 Working

611 Entering the IP









Fig 612 Logging IN














Fig 613 Update IO

62 Program Flow





7 RESULT ANALYSIS














Fig 76 BULB is ON






















devices
































9 REFERENCES














Authors Biography



JAN 1985



















IJSETR







REGULATOR








power rails




Those are

1) 8051 Family



4) ARM Family




Those are



3) Reset circuit

4) Crystal circuit










































the sending data


61 Working

611 Entering the IP









Fig 612 Logging IN














Fig 613 Update IO

62 Program Flow





7 RESULT ANALYSIS














Fig 76 BULB is ON






















devices
































9 REFERENCES














Authors Biography



JAN 1985



















IJSETR








the sending data


61 Working

611 Entering the IP









Fig 612 Logging IN














Fig 613 Update IO

62 Program Flow





7 RESULT ANALYSIS














Fig 76 BULB is ON






















devices
































9 REFERENCES














Authors Biography



JAN 1985



















IJSETR




Fig 613 Update IO

62 Program Flow





7 RESULT ANALYSIS














Fig 76 BULB is ON






















devices
































9 REFERENCES














Authors Biography



JAN 1985



















IJSETR





7 RESULT ANALYSIS














Fig 76 BULB is ON






















devices
































9 REFERENCES














Authors Biography



JAN 1985



















IJSETR








Fig 76 BULB is ON






















devices
































9 REFERENCES














Authors Biography



JAN 1985



















IJSETR





















devices
































9 REFERENCES














Authors Biography



JAN 1985



















IJSETR




Authors Biography



JAN 1985



















IJSETR

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