Emergence of Modern Science

The Cell

How did life begin?

What is a cell, and why is it so important to life?

Is a virus alive?

How are living organisms organized?

What are tissues, organs, and organ systems?

Cell Theory

Leeuwenhoek

Hooke

Schleiden and Schwann

All living things are composed of cells The cell is the fundamental unit of life All cells arise from previous cells

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukaryotes

Protista

Plants

Animals

The World of Prokaryotes

Aerobes

Anaerobes Facultative anaerobes Obligate anaerobes

Extremophiles

Monera

Bacteria (eubacteria)

Archaea (archaebacteria)

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

Bacterial Diversity

Proteobacteria Alpha Proteobacteria Beta Proteobacteria Gamma Protobacteria Delta Protobacteria Epsilon Protobacteria

Chlamydias

Spirochetes

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Cyanobacteria

Prokaryotic Cells

Size

Shape Cocci Bacilli Spirilla spirochetes

Nutrition

Photoautotrophs cyanobacteria

Chemoautotrophs Nitrogen Fixation Methanogens Sulfur reducing

Photoheterotrophs

Chemoheterotrophs Saprophytes parasites

Eukaryotes

Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animals

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Cell Membranes

Phospholipid Bilayer

Cell Nucleus

Chromosomes

Eukaryotes

Nucleolus

Prokaryotes

Plasmids

Organelles

Chloroplasts

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Mitochondria

Golgi Apparatus

Vacuoles and Vesicles

Water Vacuoles

Food Vacuoles

Vesicles

Lysosomes

Cellular Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)

Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic Respiration

Glycolysis

Krebs Cycle

Cellular Reproduction

Mitosis

Meiosis

Development

Quiz

1. T or F, prokaryotes lack organelles.

2. T or F, the cell membrane is semi-permeable.

3. T or F, the mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell.

4. T or F, Meiosis forms gametes.

5. T or F, the blastula is the 4 cell stage of development.

Organismal Biology

Stimulus, response. Stimulus, response. Don’t you ever think?

What is Functional Biology

Anatomy

Physiology

Tissues

Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue

Nervous Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue

Nervous Tisue

Muscular Tissue

Organ Systems

Thoracic Cavity

Abdominal Cavity

Mesenteries

BioPhysics

Physical Chemistry

Surface Area

Force and Motion

Gravity

Body size

Homeostasis

Positive Feedback

Negative Feedback

Body Fluids

Metabolism

Energy Budgets

Animal Nutrition

Nutrients

Caloric Needs Essential Nutrients Essential Amino Acids Essential Fatty Acids Vitamins and Minerals

Homeostasis

Essential Amino Acids

Feeding Mechanisms

Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores

Suspension Feeders Substrate Feeders Deposit Feeders Fluid Feeders Bulk Feeders

Food Processing

Ingestion

Digestion

Absorption

Elimination

Comparative Anatomy

Absorption of Nutrients

Enzymes

Carbohydrate Digestion

Protein Digestion

Nucleic Acid Digestion

Fat Digestion

Digestion

Absorption of Nutrients

Water

Adaptations

Teeth

Symbiotes

Ruminants

Quiz

1. T or F, a tissue is comprised of specialized cells. 2. T or F, your skin is the largest organ of your body.

3. T or F, homeostasis occurs when the body is fighting disease.

4. T or F, herbivores eat only meat.

5. T or F, enzymes act as catalysts for biological reactions.