Emergency and Disaster Risk Management

World largest archipelago: area 1,919,440 km2Over 17,000 Islands, more than 500 languages and dialects4th largest populated country: 234 million people in 33 provinces3 time zones with flying time of 9 hrs from west to east3

The Geographic Nature The World Tectonic PlatesEarth QuakesRing Of FireVolcanoes

Why we need contingency planning?Because we live in a world where things happen with or without prior notice.

Because of our negligence on facts,They come to us in a surprise

Basic Principle is developing Plans in the field of Emergency and DisasterRisk ?

Risk ManagementRisk = Hazard x Vulnerability--------------------- CapacityHazardVulnerabilityCapacityRisk

RiskProgramme Definition

Risk is defined as measurable and equitable value of having chance, probability, potential threat leading towards a damage, injury, liability, loss, negative occurrences cost by internal or external forces to person, thing, property, system, environment and development depending on the status of 3 major contributing components, hazard, vulnerability and capacity in a given condition and situation.

Key factors influencing the degree of Risk

Types of harmful effects known as HazardExposure to harmful effects known as VulnerabilityKnowledge, skill and practice to manage harmful effects known as CapacityAm I risky ?Why

HazardTypes of harmful effects Programme Definition

Hazards is defined as possible potential source of danger or harm or adverse effect, threat to life, health, property, environment to something or some one resulting possibility of incurring loss or misfortune and if happens, causing emergency or disaster in a given condition and situation. ?

Earthquake & TsunamiVolcanoes EruptionFloodsFlash floods & LandslidesConflict Social unrestBomb BlastIndustrial AccidentTransportation AccidentCycloneHazardsEarthquakeInfectious DiseasesBlack Outs

Type of HazardGeologicalEarthquake, tsunami, landslides, volcanoHydro-meteorologicalFlood, storm, drought, flash flood BiologicalEpidemics, plant diseases,

TechnologicalTransportation and industrial accidentsEnvironmentalBush fires, fire, deforestation etc.

Vulnerability Exposure to harmful effectsProgramme Definition

Vulnerability is defined as the exposure, susceptibility, closeness to undesirable physical or emotional injury or attack or adverse effects. Vulnerable Group Identification

Vulnerable groups are identified in two types. Population living and facilities situated close or potentially exposed to different hazards.Group of people who needs special attention during emergencies and disasters such as children, pregnant women, old aged, disables and ill patients.

Capacity Knowledge, skill and practice to manage harmful effectsProgramme Definition

Capacity is defined as mental, physical, academical ability and capability to retain knowledge, skill and practice to perform, hold, receive, absorb, act, manage and develop to a maximum response to adverse effects to minimize damages in a given condition and situation.

Capacity Identification

Human, supplies, structure, operating system and funds are identified as 5 main resources to be build up as capacity.

Emergencies and DisastersEmergency = The Risk that can be manage with support from existing condition in a given situation.

Disaster = The Risk that can only be managed with extra support outside existing condition in a given situation.

ManagementMobilize and utilize available resources most effectively and strategically in a given situation to obtain maximum output .

CrisisProgramme Definition

Crisis is defined as exposure to risk resulting from Emergency or Disaster affecting a sector (s) or area of work in a geographic location for a period of time. It could be acute or chronic or acute on chronic. One example is Health Crisis where the health sector is affected by emergency or disaster.

Conflict Conflict is actual or perceived opposition of needs, values and interests. A conflict can be internal (within oneself) or external (between two or more individuals)Conflict can lead to WAR

Risk Reduction PlanRisk MappingTo obtain a map which has identify potential hazards, violability and capacity.Contingency PlanIf emergency or disasters hit, what to do.Operation PlanWhen emergency or disaster hits, how to manage.Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)Guidelines to guide how to manage specific field of interest

Risk MappingRisk Mapping (Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Mapping)

MethodVertical Mapping (Geographic base village to National) (*)Horizontal Mapping (Facility base household to mega structures)

Risk - Triage RingsUse red, yellow and green rings to identify:High RiskMedium RiskLow RiskIdentify the areas where multi risk rings overlapped.Prioritized the area for capacity building

Hazard Mapping Find appropriate map or develop a map of the area concern.Identify the potential areas that could tern into hazards - specific (volcano, river, dam, factory, etc).Hazards General (fire, earthquake, storm, etc) Identify the most vulnerable facilities health, schools, fire fighting station, power station, water reservoir, police, governor office, markets, stores, air train-portIdentify evacuation sites religious building, sport field, vacant land, ceremonial halls, schools

Vulnerability MappingIdentify the most vulnerable facilities health, schools, fire fighting station, power station, water reservoir, police, governor office, markets, stores, air train-portIdentify evacuation sites religious building, sport field, vacant land, ceremonial halls, schools

Resource MappingUse excel table to identify:Existing resources. (Man, Material, Money)Resources needed.Where needed resources can be reached.Attached the excel data and information to the map

Public Alert SystemSerine / BellCommunity watch Traffic light indicatorsMaps for evacuationMark sheltersCall signsMedia alert

What is Contingency Planning ?ContingencyWhat to do if changes happen Un-wanted or Wanted / Un expected or Expected / Good or Bad / Harmful or Un-harmful / Negative or Positive

PlanningSystematic arrangement of activities to be implemented in a given condition and situation.

PhasesPre-during-post?

Contingency Plan base on SOP Central, Peripheral and Sector based

Command PostsRescue and Relief Rapid AssessmentInformation and Communication and ReportingMulti Sector / Cluster Coordination and resource MobilizationManagement of Death, InjuredIDP Camp ManagementSupply ManagementCommunity and Facilities Recovery, Rehabilitation, ReconstructionStream lining back to routine programms and development

Scenarios building Exercise - Simulation

Operational Plan and SOPBased on the contingency plan, given situation and condition, develop operational planOperational Map and PlanIdentification of the available resourcesIdentification of resources needed base on rightsWHO, Where, When, What, Why, How and Expected Output

Standard Operation Procedures (SOP)Updated annually:1st version launched in 20062nd version launched in 2007

EMERGENCYPreparednessPlanContingencyPlanOperationalPlanRehabilitationPlanRe/DevelopmentPlanMitigationPlanDisaster ManagementPlanEarly warningREHABILITATIONMITIGATIONRESPONSEPREPAREDNESSRapid AssessmentHazard evaluationLessonslearnedReviewTimeMoneyHumanSuppliesSOPValues3 CsInfoManagement Wheel is driven by power generated from Information moving forward through 3Cs

Risk Reduction Plan - Components Risk MappingStandard Operating ProcedureOperational PlanContingency Plan

Risk Reduction Plan Geographic Risk Reduction Plan (RRP) - VerticalFor province, district, sub-district and village levels, contingency and operation plans will be developed, practiced and integrated with risk mapping to formulate RRP.

Facility Risk Reduction Plan (RRP) - HorizontalFor each public health facility, health offices and hospital, contingency and operation plans will be developed, practiced and integrated with risk mapping to formulate RRP. VH

Web Link: www.who.or.id/download/docs/eha/DRR-Programme-Concept-Paper

Disaster Management PhasesPreventRehabilitateRecoverRespondPrepareReliefRescueReconstructDevelopDisasterMitigateGolden HrGolden Week

Challenges for Health SectorDeathInjured and infectedIDPs / RefugesInfrastructure

We already have too many challenges to manage.So many of them coming now.Who are they?What can they help?When can they do it?Where can they go?Why they came?How can I manage?

Why Do We Need Coordination In Health Emergencies / Crisis ?UNINGOsNGOsPrivateSectrorLocal GroupsIndividualMedia

Chain of Command and CommunicationFilter at port of entry I know! I know!, You guys want to help me. But please wait ya, I will tell you what I need.

Health Sector and Cluster Structural and Methodology used in IndonesiaHeath Sector / ClusterGeneral CoordinationSub Groups Coordination and presentation ImmunizationChild, reproductive and maternal Water and SanitationSurveillance and outbreak controlMental HealthMobile ClinicsField HospitalsHospital careSuppliesHealthEmergency Information OperationCenterGovernment CoordinationMeetingUN Cluster Coordination MeetingOperationalMapping

Role of Regional Crisis Centers

Crisis CenterCentral Operation UnitMoH, Early warningInformationCoordinationResource MobilizationReview, monitoring

Emergency Situation ReportsEmergency First CallSMS / RadioCall, Fax, EmailAdvance Emergency Situation InformationEmergency Situation ReportSituation ReportSurveillance Report

What will be our future????Practice make perfect.When there is a will, there is a way.Hope for the best, prepare for the worst.

*************Increase capacity:To increase the capacity in managing risk, Clinical Guideline, also know as Standard Operating Procedure for Health Sector, launched by our Honorable Minster for Health and guidelines for specific area of works are developed and utilized.Some of them are printed as special editions to commemorate World Health Day 2009.

***Finally I would like to share with you the major standard DRR programme activities for health sector plan to be achieved by 2015.I do not want to go into details. You can have in the web link.

******Role of Regional Crisis Centers: Each Regional Crisis Centers is formed by 3 Basic Structural Components of the Health System. Hospitals, Public Health Facilities and Universities.Their role is to facilitate provinces to manage risk strengthening preparedness, response, recovery and to develop programme activities.**Role of Regional Crisis Centers:Each Regional Crisis Centers has Emergency Communication and Operation Unit, Supply Depot, Shelter, and training FacilitiesThey are linked with all provinces and district Crisis Centers as well as with other sectors and are coordinated from the MOH Central Emergency Operation Unit linking with different Directorates in the MOH.**