emerging business models for scholarly journals: the library perspective
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Emerging Business Models for Scholarly Journals: The Library Perspective. Lisa Goddard Memorial University Libraries June 2 nd , 2013 • Victoria, BC Canadian Association of Learned Journals Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2013 http:// research.library.mun.ca /1746/. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Emerging Business Models for Scholarly Journals: The Library Perspective
Lisa GoddardMemorial University Libraries
June 2nd, 2013 • Victoria, BCCanadian Association of Learned Journals
Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2013http://research.library.mun.ca/1746/
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Terms: Green vs. Gold
OA Journals
• Immediate global access to content
• May have APCs
OA Repositories
• Subscription journals
• Author self-archiving• May have embargo
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Legislative Environment
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Government Policy - US
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Government Policy - UK
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International Policy
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Canadian OA Mandates
• Canadian Institutes of Health Research• National Research Council• International Development Research Centre• Ontario Institute of Cancer Research• Fonds de recherche du Québec• Canadian Health Services Research
Foundation• Heart and Stroke Foundation
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SSHRC
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Tri-Council Policies
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Green OA Models
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Research Repository
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Download Stats
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Alt-Metrics
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Green OA Growth
62% of 1250 publishers in Sherpa/Romeo allow the archiving of post-prints or publisher PDFs.
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Licensing
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Self-Archiving Post-Prints
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MLA Self-Archiving Policy
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Self-Archiving Publisher PDF
…
…
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Self-Archiving Policies
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Why Green OA?
• Keep current business model• Comply with funding agency mandates• Increase visibility of articles• Increase number of citations• Make authors happy• Long term preservation
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Gold “Hybrid” Models
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Hybrid OA
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Transparent Pricing
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OA Vouchers
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Free OA for Subscribers
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Delayed OA
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Why Hybrid?
• Collect subscriptions and APCs
• Provide an author pays option for funded researchers
• Add value for subscribers
• OA transition strategy
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Serials Expenditures
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Bundled Pricing
• Pricing at bundle level
• Difficult for libraries to control pricing
• Unbundled journals are vulnerable
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Scholarly Societies
For scholarly societies, the status quo is not a good alternative. Doing nothing is a failing strategy.
- Shieber, 2013
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Gold OA Models
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Gold OA Journal Growth
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
10002000300040005000600070008000
Number of OA Journals 2000-2011 Approximately 10 - 12% of academic journals are Gold OA.
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OA Growth by Publisher Type
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Gold OA w/ APC
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Author Processing Charges
• Avg APC in 2010 = $905• Range = $8 - $3900
Higher = commercial publisher, high impact factor, biomedicine
Lower = scholarly societies, developing countries, SSH
- Solomon & Bjork, 2012
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Author Processing Charges
OA Journals with APC OA Journals without APC0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
OA Journals 2011
OA Articles with APC OA Articles without APC0
20000400006000080000
100000120000140000160000
OA Articles 2011
- Laakso and Björk (2012)
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OA Mega Journals
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All You Can Publish
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Low Fee SSH Journal
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Library Support for Gold OA
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OA Funds in Canada
• U Toronto• Queen’s• U Calgary• SFU• Concordia• Brock• U Manitoba
• Ottawa U• Ryerson• U Victoria• York• Memorial• U Sask
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OA Fund @ Memorial
• $55 000 spent in FY 2013/14.
• Faculty and graduate students ($3000/yr).
• Max $3000 per article.
• Gold OA only (no hybrid).
• Publisher invoices library directly.
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APCs
• Avoids problem of bundles
• One time cost
• Broader access = higher value
• Costs linked to institutional output
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OA Memberships
$3000/yr unlimited publishing
No discount, but direct quarterly invoicing.
10% discount and direct invoicing.
$5000 pre-pay
10 articlepre-pay @ $99 ea
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SCOAP3
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OA Journal Hosting
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Digitization of Paper Run
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What Can You Do?
• Delayed OA• Free OA for
subscribers• Gold OA• Library hosting
& digitization
• Develop a self-archiving policy
• Submit your policy to Sherpa/Romeo