emerging small grains: triticale forage

Emerging Small

Grains: Triticale

Forage &

Malting Barley Bill Verbeten Cornell Cooperative Extension

NWNY Dairy, Livestock, & Field Crops Team

Contact Information Email: [email protected]

Cell: 585-313-4457

Blog: billsforagefiles.blogspot.com

Website: http://www.nwnyteam.org/

Twitter: Bill Verbeten@BillVerbeten

mailto:[email protected]

http://billsforagefiles.blogspot.com/

http://www.nwnyteam.org/

http://www.nwnyteam.org/

Take Home Points

Winter triticale forage and malting barley

acreage are rapidly increasing in New

York.

Successfully growing these crops requires

a lot of attention to detail.

Bill Verbeten Cornell Cooperative Extension

2

Winter Triticale Acreage in NY


3

Research Locations

2013


4

Yield and Optimum N Rate

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0 25 50 75 100 125 150

Yie

ld (

ton

s D

M/a

cre

)

Optimum N rate (lbs/acre)

~45%

fields

response

to high N

rates

~30%

fields no

response

to N rates


5

Crude Protein

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

0 30 60 90 120

% C

rud

e P

rote

in

N Treatment

Every 18

lb./N increase

CP by 1%.

However

large variation

in CP levels

across farms


6

o Plant earlier RM corn silage

o Every 5 days earlier RM

decrease yield by 0.25 ton

DM/A

o However large variation

among varieties

Previous Crop

y = 0.0475x + 4.2492

R² = 0.1604

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

85 95 105 115

DM

Yie

lds

Co

rn S

ialg

e

Ave Relative Maturity of Varieties

2013 NY Corn Silage Variety Trial

Yields


7

Fertilization

o Most farms applying 5,000-8,000 ga/A of manure at

planting

o If needed apply nitrogen as early as possible in the

spring.

o Use urea with Agrotain and/or AMS


8

Harvest Timing Feekes 9.0

(Flag Leaf)

Milk Cow

Quality

Feekes 10.0

(Boot Stage)

Heifers &

Dry Cow

Quality

o Crop will be between 24-40 inches tall at harvest

o Will be ready before alfalfa-grass haylage


9

Harvest Practices to

Increase Drying

Only outer ¾ inch of a windrow or swath dries quickly

o Use a wide swath • >75% of cutting width

o Spread with a tedder 4 hr.

after cutting

o Dry to 30% DM

o Chop at ≥ ¾ inch TLC

o Inoculate with a homolactic bacteria Bill Verbeten Cornell Cooperative Extension

10

Post Harvest Field Preparation o Can no-till soybeans/alfalfa into

stubble

o Use a strip-tiller, zone builder, or very

aggressive no-till for corn.

o Full-width tillage will require 3

passes to break-up root masses and

will likely not be economically


11

Malting Barley Acreage in NY

Long-term10,000-20,000 acres of malting

barley that meets quality standards

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2012 2013 2014

Ac

res


12

What meets the mark?

Each year only 25-50% of the acres will meet malting standards.

Need alternative markets: distillers, beef, chicken feed, etc.


13

Markets for Malting Barley

Malt houses currently in Cambria, Batavia,

Rochester, & Newark Valley, NY. Also Hadley,

MA.

Potential malt houses in Penn Yan, Canastota,

Buffalo, Cooperstown, Albany, Rochester.

See the Google Map for up to date list of malt

houses and distilleries.


14

https://www.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200860025394836250060.0004ddeed7cd6a6661526&msa=0&dg=feature


15


16

Malting Barley Value

If CP 9-12%, DON, <1.0 PPM, Germ >95%, &

Plumpness >75-85%, etc.

Then farmers can get

$10-12/bu

Spring Varieties 40-60 bu/A

Winter Varieties 70-90 bu/A


17

Seed Winter barley:

Wintmalt was widely planted fall 2013.

Spring barley: Quest coming in for spring 2014.

Some varieties on the market have not been tested under NY conditions.


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2 row vs. 6 row 2 row: generally slightly

lower CP (1%) than 6 row

6 row: better agronomic traits, essentially the same quality as 2 row

6 row varieties are being used to make award winning beers in NY


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Pick the right field

Well-drained fields.

Soil with pH 6.3-7.0.

Lime if needed.


20

Pick the right field

Aggressive tillage can help reduce disease risk. Don’t plant after corn or small grain.

Nearby small grain & corn fields can harbor disease.


21

Malting Barley Yield from N

Need ~100 lb./A from Soil NO3 + Fertilizer N

Do not apply 100 lb./A of fertilizer!!!

~1 to 1.5 lb. N/bu

Montana


22

http://landresources.montana.edu/fertilizerfacts/24_Nitrogen_Fertiliztion_of_Dryland_malt_Barley.htm

CP & Nitrogen

CP increases as

soil N+ fertilizer

increases

~0.5%-1.5% CP for

50 lb./A

Montana


23

http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/sr/sr1047-e/16.htm


Kernel Plumpness & N

More N will

decrease kernel

plumpness

Montana


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Tiller Counts Soil Type Sand Silt Loam Clay

Tillers/plant N to apply lb./A

1-3 36 45 45-62 53-71

4-6 22 31 31-45 40-53

6+ 13 22 27-36 36-45

Getreide anbauen wie die Profis: Bestände aufbauen,

führen, schützen.

Growing grains like the professionals: Establishing stands,

directing, & protecting


25

Nitrogen Mineralization

Get N

on early

spring

for

malting

barley


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0

50

100

150

200

250

Tota

l n

itro

ge

n u

pta

ke

/re

lea

se (

kg

/ha

)

Fall Legume

Fall Manure

Early Spring Manure

Winter Manure

Corn

Winter Small Grain

Bottom line:

Most malting barley fields will need 10-60

lb./A of nitrogen applied.

Apply 10-20 lb./A at fall planting,

remainder early spring at green up.


27

Barley Diseases


28

Barely Diseases Fusarium Head Blight is the single biggest

challenge to growing malting barley in NY.

Do not grow barley after corn or another small grain.

Tillage reduces/buries inoculum.

Spray at Feekes 10.5 with Caramba, Prosaro, or Proline. (Possible earlier application at flag leaf as well).


29


30

Weeds and Insects Tillage & tine weeders

for organic.

Don’t use 2,4-D late. Harmony products ok.

CLB Thresholds 3 larvae per stem

prior to flag leaf stage

1 per flag leaf at or after Feekes 9.0).


31

Harvest Early

As soon as you can get in, grain will be ~20% moisture.

Go slow.

Dry 5-10 F above ambient temp with indirect heat.


32

Cleaning Seed

Either the farm or the

malt house will be

cleaning the seed.

Can increase quality

by getting rid of

smaller, diseased,

low-germ kernels.


33

Storage

Need smaller bins,

totes, or super

sacks.

Most malt houses

do not have on-site

storage yet.


34

Growing Malting Wheat


35

Same practices as barley

Plant Medina, a soft white winter wheat developed by Cornell

Contact Craig Phelps for seed. Email: [email protected] Phone: 585 243-3788




Growing Distilling Grains


36

Corn & Rye

Huge opportunity for farmers to sell grains locally.

Need to establish relationships with distillers.

Growing Distilling Corn Find out what the distiller wants before planting.

Some will take anything.

Some want non-GMO. Some want organic. Some may want a certain starch trait-like the ethanol

plants.

Will probably need to clean, dry, & store corn until distiller is ready.

Do not apply sulfur fertilizer. Avoid fields with long history of manure. May affect the distillation process.


37

Growing Distilling Rye


38

Same practices as barley.

Current varieties low yielding ~30 bu/A.

German hybrid rye yielded ~3X as much as Aroostok in 2013 trial, ~90-100 bu/A.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Yie

ld (

kg

/ha

)

Guttino

Gonello

Bellami

Palazzo

KWS Magnifico

Brasetto (180 k/m2)

Brasetto (200 k/m2)

Brasetto (250 k/m2)

KWS-H 119

KWS-H 120

KWS-H 124

KWS-H 131

KWS-H 132

KWS-H 134

Aroostok (Local Rye)

Medina (wheat)

Take Home Points

Winter triticale forage and malting barley

acreage are rapidly increasing in New

York.

Successfully growing these crops requires

a lot of attention to detail.


39

Questions?


40

emerging small grains: triticale forage

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