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BUNKER EMISSIONS IN PORTUGAL

SUBMISSION 2004

WORKSHOP ON EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASESFROM AVIATION AND NAVIGATION

EEA-COPENHAGEN, 17-18 May 2004

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Good Practice

Table 2.9 Distinction Between Domestic and International Flights

Domestic Intern.

Depart and Arrive in Same Country yes No

Depart from one country and arrive in another No yes

Depart in one country, stop in the same country without dropping or picking up any passengers or freight, then depart again to arrive in another country

No yes

Depart in one country, stop in the same country and drop or pick passengers or freight, then depart finally arriving in another country

Domestic Stage

Intern. Stage

Depart in one country, stop in the same country, only pick up more passengers or freight and then depart finally arriving in another country

No yes

Depart in one country with a destination in another country, and makes an intermediate stop in the destination country where no passengers or cargo are loades

No Yes

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ryAIR TRAFFIC EMISSIONS

Methodology 2003

Cruise

Fuel Sales

National(flag)

International(flag)

LTO

Cruise

LTO

Domestic

InternationalDomestic

International

Domestic

International

Domestic

International

2004

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ryFuel Sales (toe/yr)

Source: General-Directorate of Energy

Fuel Flag 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002AV Gas National 1 717 1 576 1 406 1 113 1 262 1 958 1 606 1 958 1 945 2 053 2 473 2 396 2 396AV Gas Foreign 272 264 233 161 246 54 13 14 78 11 0 26 57AV Gas Total 1 989 1 840 1 639 1 273 1 508 2 012 1 619 1 972 2 023 2 064 2 473 2 421 2 452JPs National 270 405 284 337 302 568 290 660 283 126 326 617 350 217 360 354 402 083 446 360 443 965 429 305 429 305JPs Institutional 32 105 35 932 26 908 25 433 28 374 27 432 35 140 33 758 35 195 26 915 31 965 31 965 22 438JPs Foreign 299 037 295 163 310 527 290 012 304 787 289 034 261 025 269 939 269 596 294 066 329 296 332 258 305 098JPs Total 601 547 615 432 640 003 606 105 616 287 643 083 646 382 664 051 706 874 767 340 805 226 793 527 756 841

Fuel Sales

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

kto

e

Increase on Sales-26 % 1990->2002-Decrease after 2000- Increase JP National

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

AV.GAS JP. National JP. Inst. JP. International

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LTO IN AIRPORTSAirport 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Lisboa 30 840 31 926 32 635 31 934 32 784 34 937 36 575 38 390 45 781 51 600 54 260 54 264 58 504Porto 11 565 12 020 12 836 12 618 13 570 13 350 14 554 16 330 19 804 21 426 22 446 21 317 22 638Faro 11 238 12 583 12 843 11 553 12 260 13 067 12 420 12 705 13 888 14 902 16 797 15 166 16 621Santa Maria 630 549 779 954 884 893 726 779 737 663 682 1 311 1 284Ponta Delgada/ João Paulo II2 955 2 727 3 131 3 328 3 106 3 381 3 592 3 738 4 001 4 318 4 514 4 808 5 065Horta 1 238 1 193 1 452 1 533 1 450 1 542 1 489 1 573 1 640 1 799 4 676 4 629 6 148Flores 281 273 603 540 470 357 371 422 426 477 1 951 2 074 2 837Graciosa 431 430 428 426 424 423 421 419 425 402 418 414 410Pico 344 377 410 443 476 509 542 575 584 661 703 680 740S. Jorge 539 540 542 544 545 547 548 550 536 576 554 548 557Corvo 152 161 171 181 191 200 210 220 217 256 253 250 268Funchal 7 549 7 844 8 139 8 434 8 729 9 024 9 319 9 615 9 726 10 593 10 274 10 816 11 090Porto Santo 2 903 2 878 2 853 2 827 2 802 2 777 2 751 2 726 2 597 2 871 2 570 2 613 2 600Total 70 661 73 498 76 819 75 312 77 689 81 005 83 516 88 039 100 361 110 543 120 098 118 891 128 760

ANA, Aeroportos S.A.INE (National Statistics)

0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000

140 000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

LTO LTO Increase

- Steady- Sharp Increase after 1998- 82 % from 1990 to 2002- Anual Average rate 5.22 %

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ryMOVEMENTS PER PLANE TYPE (ANA Airports)

Aircraft 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999320 0 227 4 054 7 477 9 100 10 347 11 441 11 795 14 488 35 680737 21 105 23 907 26 305 25 132 26 823 27 367 27 092 27 610 24 316 16 648EMB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 330 9 088 9 984100 2 516 5 332 6 058 8 093 9 032 10 292 11 267 9 616 9 309 8 294ATP 0 6 918 4 045 186 0 0 359 504 0 576310 0 4 300 3 604 3 948 4 124 5 025 4 919 4 827 12 686 8 628757 905 1 006 1 107 1 536 1 620 2 731 2 240 2 961 3 276 3 590M80 4 232 3 884 4 747 794 3 473 4 036 4 405 4 111 4 517 5 498767 548 1 164 1 705 1 462 1 370 2 087 2 747 2 815 3 058 3 485340 0 0 0 0 0 1 689 2 125 2 244 2 845 2 616727 5 196 4 035 1 521 1 030 965 754 1 091 1 224 1 248 1 353AB3 6 214 3 597 3 233 1 849 1 578 737 0 0 0 617L10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 714 519 573AR1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 933 0 680BEC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 930DO8 2 414 1 339 621 1 204 0 0 0 10 0 0F50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0146 0 487 1 745 461 529 565 780 859 271 0PAG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 834 687D28 0 0 0 0 37 0 410 0 0 0DO2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 711 0747 1 000 909 488 205 0 0 0 0 345 0B11 545 0 14 0 0 0 0 793 0 0AN2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 523 0 0L15 4 250 3 472 3 780 3 754 3 019 1 271 952 0 0 0D9S 0 0 0 4 004 1 835 899 0 0 0 0DC9 0 0 0 981 477 322 0 0 0 0D10 1 419 741 296 196 208 298 0 0 0 0CVF 0 0 0 0 68 217 0 0 0 0BAT 7 543 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0DHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0BNI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0F28 489 584 269 645 147 0 0 0 0 0SF3 0 0 0 0 5 0 388 0 0 0CRV 242 0 0 0 151 0 0 0 0 0TU5 0 0 0 239 0 0 0 0 0 0M11 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0DFL 0 582 484 0 0 0 0 0 0 0TU6 0 421 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 0ACD 0 417 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HS7 1 822 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0TUPOLEV 621 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0DC8 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0707 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0AB4 0 0 0 0 0 0 631 0 0 0OUTROS 153 529 929 621 1 007 1 237 2 302 2 911 4 050 3 360

61 679 63 851 65 270 63 867 65 568 69 874 73 149 76 780 91 561 103 199

Example: Lisbon Airport

Source: ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal S.A.

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ry LTO per ORIGIN-DESTINY

Nº Planes Intenational Territorial Internal TotalTotal 76 602 14 441 28 342 119 385Lisboa 41 181 6 186 6 897 54 264Porto 16 082 913 4 322 21 317Faro 13 929 4 1 233 15 166Santa Maria 753 2 556 1 311João Paulo II 575 1 292 2 941 4 808Lajes 497 585 3 547 4 629Horta 6 302 1 766 2 074Flores - - 494 494Graciosa - - 414 414Pico - - 680 680São Jorge - - 548 548Corvo - - 250 250Funchal 3 527 4 937 2 352 10 816Porto Santo 52 220 2 341 2 613

Per Traffic Class

Nº Planes Total National ForeignTotal 119 385 76 882 42 504Lisboa 54 264 38 289 15 975Porto 21 317 12 435 8 882Faro 15 166 1 942 13 224Santa Maria 1 311 558 753João Paulo II 4 808 4 370 438Lajes (a) 4 629 4 288 342Horta 2 074 2 002 72Flores 494 494 0Graciosa (a) 414 414 0Pico 680 680 0São Jorge (a) 548 548 0Corvo (a) 250 250 0Funchal 10 816 8 045 2 771Porto Santo 2 613 2 566 47

per Carrier Type

Type of Traffic Total Landing Climbing

Total 195 953 97 963 97 990International 121 058 60 288 60 770National Flag 65 375 32 432 32 943Foreign 55 683 27 856 27 827Territorial 28 590 14 253 14 337National Flag 28 580 14 251 14 329Foreign 10 2 8Internal 46 305 23 422 22 883National Flag 46 133 23 346 22 787Foreign 172 76 96

International 32 229 15 877 15 969National Flag 4 573 2 092 2 098Foreign 27 656 13 785 13 871Territorial 29 376 12 974 12 918National Flag 28 826 12 670 12 691Foreign 550 304 227Internal 2 328 1 061 1 121National Flag 1 166 516 525Foreign 1 162 545 596

Regular Commercial Traffic

non Regular Commercial Traffic

Carrier/ Flag % DomesticTotal 41.0National 60.0Foreign 2.2

Source: All data from INE(National Statistics). Year 2000

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CRUISE per OD

Source: INE 2000 for National Carriers

Indicator:Fuel Consumption p.km per OD

DestinyOrigin (1E6) Total UE Total Mainland Açores Madeira EFTA Oth. Europe Mid East Africa Asia and P. N. Amer. Lat. Amer. CarTOTAL 12 857 9 850 7 206 5 883 669 654 217 67 - 579 - 667 1 477 Regular 11 948 9 216 6 739 5 667 535 537 196 - - 579 - 494 1 463 UE 9 187 6 465 3 990 2 919 534 537 196 - - 578 - 486 1 462 Portugal 7 361 4 641 2 234 1 226 525 483 194 - - 578 - 486 1 462 Mainland 6 295 3 577 1 233 330 438 465 194 - - 578 - 484 1 462 Açores 533 531 522 434 78 10 - - - - - 2 - Madeira 533 533 479 462 9 8 - - - - - - - EFTA 177 177 175 175 - - - - - - - - -Other European Countries - - - - - - - - - - - - - Middle East - - - - - - - - - - - - - Africa 628 627 627 627 - - - - - 1 - - - Asia and Pacífic - - - - - - - - - - - - - North America 491 483 483 482 1 - - - - - - 8 - Latin America and Carab. 1 465 1 464 1 464 1 464 - - - - - - - - 1Non-Regular 909 634 467 216 134 117 21 67 - - - 173 14 UE 621 414 247 160 - 87 21 o - - - 172 14 Portugal 454 247 102 97 - 5 21 o - - - 172 14 Mainland 172 142 69 64 - 5 3 o - - - 24 14 Açores 135 - - - - - - - - - - 135 - Madeira 147 116 33 33 - - 18 - - - - 13 - EFTA 21 21 21 3 - 18 - - - - - - -Other European Countries 67 o o o - - - 67 - - - - - Middle East - - - - - - - - - - - - - Africa o o o - o - - - - - - - - Asia and Pacífic - - - - - - - - - - - - - North America 174 173 173 27 134 12 - - - - - 1 - Latin America and Carab. 26 26 26 26 - - - - - - - - -

Portugal

OD %Domestic 17.0International 83.0

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Tier 1/ Tier 2 - LTO / CRUISE

Tier 1Emissions = FC * EF (eq. 2.7) EF assuming 10% of fuel is burnt in LTO

Tier 2aEmissions = LTOemi + CRUISEemi (eq. 2.8)LTOemi = LTO * EFLTO (eq. 2.9)LTOFC = LTO * EFFC (eq. 2.10)Cruiseemi = (TotalFC- LTOFC)* EFCRUISE (eq. 2.11)

Tier 2bEmissions = LTOemi + CRUISEemi (eq. 2.8)LTOemi = p [LTO(p) * EFLTO(p)]LTOFC = p [LTO (p) * EFFC (p)]Cruiseemi = (TotalFC- LTOFC)* EFCRUISE

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ryEF (Submission 2003) Tier 2a

Plane Lisboa Porto Faro Total %737 21 105 7 763 9 589 38 457 35.8BAT 7 543 6 119 1 532 15 194 14.2727 5 196 1 620 2 880 9 696 9.0AB3 6 214 1 086 1 482 8 782 8.2HG7 1 822 471 1 415 3 708 3.5M80 4 232 1 411 854 6 497 6.1L15 4 250 525 380 5 155 4.8100 2 516 1 871 707 5 094 4.7D08 2 414 750 55 3 219 3.0757 905 8 1 953 2 866 2.7DC10 1 419 646 371 2 436 2.3747 1 000 65 10 1 075 1.0B11 545 5 502 1 052 1.0767 548 0 450 998 0.9F28 489 152 31 672 0.6TUPOLEV 621 10 2 633 0.6CRV 242 171 124 537 0.5DC8 240 87 34 361 0.3707 225 11 34 270 0.3OUTROS 153 358 70 581 0.5Total 61 679 23 129 22 475 116 545 100.0

kg/LTO FC NOx COVNM CH4 CO N2O737 2 760 7.6 2.2 0.3 11.5 0.1BAT 4 760 17.1 28.1 3.1 46.0 0.2727 4 218 10.9 4.7 0.5 16.8 0.1AB3 4 310 20.3 4.4 0.5 19.8 0.2HG7 4 760 17.1 28.1 3.1 46.0 0.2M80 4 760 17.1 28.1 3.1 46.0 0.2L15 4 760 17.1 28.1 3.1 46.0 0.2100 2 340 5.7 1.2 0.2 13.0 0.1D08 4 760 17.1 28.1 3.1 46.0 0.2757 4 110 21.6 0.8 0.1 10.6 0.1DC10 7 460 41.0 19.2 2.1 59.3 0.2747 10 428 52.9 27.2 3.0 80.0 0.3B11 2 150 4.9 61.6 6.8 67.8 0.1767 5 405 26.7 3.2 0.4 20.3 0.2F28 2 115 5.3 49.3 5.5 54.8 0.1TUPOLEV 6 920 14.0 75.9 8.3 116.8 0.2CRV 2 655 3.2 4.1 0.5 16.3 0.1DC8 5 890 14.8 52.2 5.8 65.2 0.2707 5 880 10.8 87.8 9.8 92.4 0.2OUTROS 4 760 17.1 28.1 3.1 46.0 0.2

FC SO2 NOx NMVOC CH4 CO CO2 N2O

3 916 S % 13.7 13.2 1.5 27.5 C % 0.1kg/LTO

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ryEF (submission 2004) Tier 2b

kg/LTO FC NOx NMVOC CH4 CO Plane FC NOx NMVOC CH4 CO320 1 190 14.6 2.7 0.27 13.2 AN2 217 0.3 6.4 0.71 10.4737 885 9.8 1.2 0.30 5.5 L15 2 466 90.3 52.4 5.82 63.7EMB 64 1.8 1.0 0.12 1.4 D9S 937 14.4 3.8 0.42 4.6100 702 8.9 16.9 0.22 17.1 DC9 856 9.7 1.8 0.21 4.5ATP 570 4.2 0.8 0.20 9.7 D10 2 384 51.3 19.9 2.22 42.5310 1 556 20.9 4.1 0.43 14.9 CVF 263 16.4 3.5 0.39 4.3757 1 282 15.4 0.7 0.29 6.7 BAT 639 18.4 6.0 0.66 7.2M80 993 9.4 1.6 0.29 4.2 DHT 84 1.9 1.1 0.12 1.7767 1 671 22.6 1.7 0.47 5.0 BNI 1 056 21.5 9.9 1.01 16.8340 1 965 30.6 10.3 1.16 27.6 F28 664 15.5 26.6 1.30 28.9727 1 339 14.1 5.3 0.52 15.6 SF3 90 1.2 0.2 0.02 0.4AB3 1 693 26.5 5.9 0.76 17.8 CRV 866 16.0 4.1 0.45 4.9L10 2 394 85.2 50.8 5.64 61.8 TU5 2 112 123.0 75.4 8.37 91.7AR1 1 056 21.5 9.9 1.01 16.8 M11 2 713 27.1 3.4 0.38 4.1BEC 87 2.9 1.7 0.19 2.4 DFL 97 4.5 0.6 0.06 0.7DO8 130 1.3 9.9 1.01 0.7 TU6 1 807 83.0 50.1 5.57 61.0F50 130 1.3 9.9 1.01 0.7 ACD 159 18.6 1.6 0.18 2.0146 574 7.9 1.1 0.17 5.7 HS7 76 2.2 0.3 0.04 0.4PAG 13 12.7 0.2 0.02 0.2 TUPOLEV 1 807 83.0 50.1 5.57 61.0D28 130 1.3 9.9 1.01 0.7 DC8 1 253 31.3 21.6 2.59 28.6DO2 130 1.3 9.9 1.01 0.7 707 1 833 60.4 41.8 4.65 50.9747 3 472 71.3 26.3 2.62 45.4 AB4 1 875 32.5 11.9 1.33 29.4B11 639 18.4 6.0 0.66 7.2 OUTROS 1 056 21.5 9.9 1.01 16.8

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ryEF Reference

Submission 2003

UNL-FCT-GASA (1999)EMEP/CORINAIR 94IPCC Revised 1996

Submission 2004

EMEP/CORINAIR 3rd ed

EMB; BEC; SF3; DHT; DO8; D28; DO2; F50; AN2; ATP; 146; 100; F28; 737; DC9; DC8; OUTROS; M80; 757; 727; 320; 310; 767; AB3; 340; AB4; D10; 747

EPA/FAEED (USA)

PAG; HS7; EMB; DHT; DFL; SF3; BEC; ACD; CVF; AN2; 146; B11; BAT; F28; 100; DC9; 320; CRV; 737; D9S; M80; OUTROS; 727; 757; 310; DC8; 767; AB4; AB3; TU6; TUPOLEV; 707; 340; TU5; D10; L10; L15; M11; 747

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ryAIR TRAFFIC EMISSIONS - GWP

submission 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 20022003 Domestic 653 682 726 693 672 777 824 842 955 1 078 1 077 1 094 1 1432003 International 722 708 746 692 724 687 614 631 640 710 798 806 8482004 Domestic 246 257 266 258 258 283 299 306 339 370 382 375 3772004 International 1 644 1 679 1 746 1 652 1 685 1 747 1 741 1 790 1 901 2 065 2 177 2 147 2 049

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

% D

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tic

sub 2003 Sub 2004

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ryCOMPARISON WITH OTHER ESTIMATES

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

CRF 2003 CRF 2004 Euro-Control DGE-UE/IEA

Domestic International

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ryWATER-BORNE NAVIGATION

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Nat (GO) 48 999 38 363 35 071 46 514 49 369 43 908 35 337 32 295 22 614 31 940 29 408 26 507 26 507Nat (FO) 102 154 102 688 97 190 86 580 62 175 55 233 63 783 45 283 41 809 49 565 50 749 47 893 44 623Int (GO) 75 758 83 341 86 736 72 191 63 185 94 975 110 919 102 801 107 385 108 521 94 023 76 336 66 789Int (FO) 303 715 301 572 304 467 246 668 242 135 234 293 241 200 264 422 280 984 365 281 422 714 281 877 320 044

Fuel Sales (General Directorate of Energy)

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

700 000

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

ton

/yr

Nat (GO) Nat (FO) Int (GO) Int (FO)

-Prevalence of Internal Bunkers- Decrease of 14 % from 1990 to 2002

Source Ship Unit NOx CH4 NMVOC CO CO2 N2OIPCC Ocean Going Shipg/kg 87 0.23 4.9 1.9 3 212 0.08

Emission Factors

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ry GREEN-HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS (GWP)1A COMBUSTION IN ENERGY

Source: IA

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

Public Electricity/Heat

Petroleum refining

Manuf. S. fuels and Other Energy

Iron and Steel

Chemicals

Pulp, Paper and Print

Food & Beverages

Other

Road Transportation

Aviation (Domestic)

Navigation (National)

Railways

Commercial / Institutional

Residential

Agriculture / Forestry

Fishing

Other

GWP (kton CO2 eq)

1990 1995 2002

- Domestic Air Traffic – 0.6 % 1A1- National Navigation Bunkers – 1.2 -> 0.4 % 1A1