Myers PSYCHOLOGY Seventh Edition in Modules

Emotions

Seema ArifPCBA

30-04-08

EmotionEmotiona response of the whole organismphysiological arousalexpressive behaviorsconscious experience

Typical EmotionsAngerAnxietyContentDisgustFearGratitudeGuilt

Typical EmotionsHappinessJealousyJoyPleasureReliefSadnessSurprise

Theories of EmotionDoes your heart pound because you are afraid... or are you afraid because you feel your heart pounding?

James-Lange Theory of EmotionExperience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Cannon-BardTheory of EmotionEmotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger:physiological responses subjective experience of emotion

Schachters Two-Factor Theory of EmotionTo experience emotion one must:be physically aroused cognitively label the arousal

Experienced EmotionThe Amygdala-a neural key to fear learning

Cognition and EmotionThe brains shortcut for emotions

Two Routes to Emotion

James-Lange theoryThe situation determines the physiological state, and the physiological state completely determines the emotion.

Schachter and Singer theory

Experienced EmotionThe ingredients of emotion

Two Dimensions of Emotion

The Nervous SystemConsists of the brain & the neurons extending throughout the body

Central Nervous SystemConsists of the Brain and Spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous SystemMade of long axons & dendrites, it contains all parts of nervous system other than the brain & spinal cord

Brain An organ almost 3 pounds that constantly controls behavior Spinal CordA bundle of nerves thatleaves the brain & runs down the length of the back:transmit messages between the brain & the body. Somatic Division Specializes in the control of voluntary movements and communication of information to and from the sense organs. Autonomic Division (involuntary)Concerns with the parts of the body that function involuntarily without our awareness.Sympathetic DivisionAct to prepare the body in stressful emergency situations, engaging resources to respond to a threat.Parasympathetic DivisionAct to calm the body after an emergency situation has engaged the sympathetic division; provides a means for the body to maintain storage of energy sources.

Emotion and Physiology

Expressed EmotionPeople more speedily detect an angry face than a happy one (Ohman, 2001a)

Expressed EmotionCulturally universal expressions

Experienced EmotionInfants naturally occurring emotions

Experienced EmotionCatharsisemotional releasecatharsis hypothesis releasing aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urgesFeel-good, do-good phenomenonpeoples tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Experienced EmotionSubjective Well-Beingself-perceived happiness or satisfaction with lifeused along with measures of objective well-beingphysical and economic indicators to evaluate peoples quality of life

Happiness is...

Emotions are our personalities

Removal of amygdala personality changesCapacity for creative playImaginationEmotional nuances such asArtsHumorImaginationLoveMusic Altruism

Are Feelings and Emotions the Same?

Noooo!Emotions are generated from biological automated pathways and have been found to be experienced universallyFeelings are culturally and environmentally developed responses to circumstancesEmotions can be measuredElectrodermal responsesHeart rateBlood pressureEEG activityFeelings and emotions travel through separate pathways in the brain

Feelings add color to our life, they can also disrupt our life!

Emotions are our bodys adaptive response, when we face challenges, emotions focuses our attention and energize our actions - - our heart races.

Expression of EmotionUniversality of facial expressionsCharles DarwinFirst to study the relationship between emotions and facial expressionsBelieved that the facial expression of emotion was an aid to survival because it enabled people to communicate their internal states and react to emergencies before they developed languageMaintained that most emotions, and the facial expressions that convey them, are genetically inherited and characteristic of the entire human speciesConcluded that facial expressions were similar across cultures

Plutchik Three-dimensional Circumplex Model

Protypical Behavior

Triangular Theory of LoveRobert Sternbergs theory that three components intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment singly and in various combinations produce seven different kinds of love:Liking (I)Infatuated love (P)Empty love (C)Romantic love (I, P)Fatuous love (C, P)Companionate love (C, I)Consummate love (I, C, P)

2222