emotions & stress. what are the three parts of emotion? expressive behavior physiological...
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Emotions & Stress
What are the three parts of emotion?
Expressive behaviorPhysiological arousalConscious experience
What are the three theories of emotion? (Summary)
What is the Two Factor Theory of emotion?Emotion =
body response + cognitive interpretation
What makes happiness?
Our general happiness level is largely unchanged by both very positive or very negative events.
What is the Adaptation - level phenomenon?Our tendency to judge items (income, grades,
sounds, lights) relative to a “neutral” (or accustomed) level based on our prior experience.IncomeTemperatureGrades
What predicts happiness?
High self-esteemOptimismHaving a satisfying marriage or close friendsBeing happy in work and leisureReligious faithEnough sleep and exercise.
What influence does money and love have on our happiness?
Does money effect happiness?
Wealthy (more control) = longer life
Poor ( less control) = shorter life
Be careful about cause and effect Wealthy can afford more health care and better foods
Will money buy happiness?
Buying power has increased, but happiness remains unchanged
Do college students think money will buy happiness?
College students’ attitude toward money
Do you remember?
What are the three parts of emotion?What does the two factor theory have that
the others do not?What is the adaptation-level
phenomenon?As buying power increases, what happens
to happiness?
What about stress?
What is your stress response system? -fight or flightWith stress, the body prepares for fight or flightSympathetic nervous system reacts
Stress hormones released - AdrenalineHeart rate and respiration increasesBlood diverted from digestion to skeletal musclesDulls painReleases sugar for energy
Parasympathetic nervous systemAllows return to normal
What is your General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
Applies to all stress situationsPhase #1 = Alarm
Respiration increasesTemperature increasesHeart rate increasesBlood diverted to skeletal muscles
What is your General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
Phase #2 = ResistanceHormones (e.g. adrenaline) increase
Phase #3 = ExhaustionTiredness, More vulnerable to illnessMental breakdownPossibly death
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Does stress cause disease?
Widowed, divorced, or separated are more vulnerable to diseaseStress weakens body’s defenses
More susceptible to
Bacterial infections
Viral infections - Including AIDS (from HIV virus) spread through bodily fluids
Heart disease
How does your personality effect stress & heart disease?
Type “A” PersonalityHard driving, impatient, time
sensitive, super motivated, verbally aggressive and easily angeredMore prone to heart attacks
Type “B” PersonalityEasy going and relaxed
Less prone to heart attacks
How does hopelessness effect heart attacks?
Do you remember?
What nervous systems get you ready for fight or flight, and calm you down?
What are the phases in the general adaptation syndrome?
What social factors can cause stress and make you more vulnerable to disease?
Stress can increase your succeptability to what diseases?
How can you cope with stress? (Summary)
Control
Optimism
Social support
Does having control help you cope with stress?
Does having control help you cope with stress?
Executive rats that could turn off (control) the stress by turning a wheel did not develop ulcers.
Subordinate rats receiving a shock (stress) with no control developed ulcers
Uncontrolled stress = ulcers
Does optimism help you cope with stress?
YesOptimists perceive more control & cope
better with stress
How does social support help you cope with stress?
Being able to confide fears & frustrations to close friends will reduce stress.
Happily married couples live longer
How can you reduce stress?
Aerobic exercise?Relaxation and meditation?Complimentary and alternative medicine?
How does aerobic exercise help?
Exercise that keeps the heart pumping for an extended period of time
Helps reduce stress, depression and anxiety
How can meditation (Relaxation) help?
Quiet time to relax and enjoy the tranquility
Reduces the bad effects of stress such as headaches, hypertension, anxiety and insomnia
How can biofeedback help you relax?
Can help people relax by providing information about changes in muscle tension & heart rate.
Are alternative medicines effective?
E.g. Acupuncture, massage therapy, spiritual healing, herbal remedies, aromatherapy.
The value of these remedies are often over estimated due to:Placebo effect
(You get what you expect)
Spontaneous remission(The body cures itself)
Do you remember?
What strategies help you cope with stress?
What is an example of social support helping you cope with stress?
What is an example of using biofeedback to reduce stress?
Discuss the placebo effect.