employee benefits in the united states, march 2019and the coverage, costs, and provisions of...

National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits in the United States, March 2019

U.S. Department of Labor Patrick Pizzella, Acting Secretary

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics William W. Beach, Commissioner

September 2019

Bulletin 2791

Contents Overview Civilian tables Private industry tables State and local government tables Technical note Appendix table 1: Survey establishment response Appendix table 2: Number of workers represented

Overview The National Compensation Survey (NCS) provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost trends

and the coverage, costs, and provisions of employer-sponsored benefits in the United States. This bulletin

presents 2019 estimates of the incidence and key provisions of employer-sponsored benefits for civilian

workers, private industry workers, as well as state and local government workers by worker and

establishment characteristics.

These estimates are also accessible from the Benefits database as well as archived NCS publications

page.

U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) staff designed the survey, collected and reviewed the survey data,

and prepared survey estimates for publication. The survey could not have been conducted without the

cooperation of the many private businesses and state and local government agencies and jurisdictions

that provided benefits data. BLS thanks these respondents for their cooperation.

For more information on benefits estimates, contact NCS staff by phone at (202) 691–6199 or by email.

Information is made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request (Voice phone: (202) 691–

5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877–8339). Data requests also may be sent to U.S. Bureau of Labor

Statistics, Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Room 4160,

Washington, DC 20212.

Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced

without permission.

Page 2

https://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/data.htmhttps://www.bls.gov/ncs/ncspubs.htmhttps://www.bls.gov/ncs/cwcconta.htmhttps://www.bls.gov/ncs/cwcconta.htm

Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-uprate Access ParticipationTake-up

rate Access ParticipationTake-up

rate

All workers ............................................................. 71 56 79 26 21 82 60 43 72

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 86 75 87 40 33 83 71 55 79Management, business, and financial ............... 88 78 89 32 27 82 81 68 84Professional and related .................................... 85 74 87 43 36 83 66 50 76

Teachers ........................................................ 87 77 89 74 64 88 41 20 50Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 95 85 90 88 79 90 35 13 37

Registered nurses ......................................... 89 79 88 44 33 74 80 66 83Service ................................................................... 48 32 66 16 14 89 38 20 54

Protective service .............................................. 78 66 85 54 50 94 44 27 61Sales and office ..................................................... 74 56 76 20 15 73 67 48 72

Sales and related ............................................... 68 44 65 10 6 55 65 42 64Office and administrative support ...................... 77 63 82 26 20 77 68 52 77

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 64 50 78 23 21 92 55 39 71Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. 60 48 79 25 24 95 49 35 71

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 67 52 77 21 18 87 61 43 71Production, transportation, and material moving ... 72 56 77 22 18 79 64 47 73

Production ......................................................... 74 58 79 19 14 78 71 54 76Transportation and material moving .................. 71 54 76 26 21 79 57 40 70

Full time ................................................................. 80 66 82 31 25 83 68 51 75Part time ................................................................ 40 24 60 11 8 72 33 18 54

Union ..................................................................... 94 85 90 79 70 88 47 33 69Nonunion ............................................................... 67 51 77 17 13 77 62 45 72

Average wage within the following categories:4Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 46 27 58 8 6 70 42 22 54

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 32 16 48 4 3 72 30 13 44Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 54 77 21 17 80 60 43 71Third 25 percent ................................................ 84 70 84 33 27 84 70 54 77Highest 25 percent ............................................ 90 80 90 47 39 84 73 59 81

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 81 90 45 36 81 77 63 81

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 76 61 80 21 18 83 73 56 77

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 55 79 27 22 82 58 41 71Education and health services ........................... 79 66 84 41 35 84 58 40 69

Educational services ...................................... 88 78 89 73 65 88 42 22 52Elementary and secondary schools ........... 91 82 90 86 78 91 30 11 37Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 91 79 87 59 47 79 69 45 66

Health care and social assistance ................. 74 59 80 22 16 76 67 50 75Hospitals .................................................... 93 81 87 49 35 71 83 67 81

Public administration ......................................... 91 85 94 87 79 91 36 21 57

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 3

Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued


Characteristics




rate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 56 41 73 12 10 84 50 34 691 to 49 workers .................................................. 51 38 74 10 8 83 47 33 7050 to 99 workers ................................................ 70 51 73 19 16 85 59 38 65

100 workers or more .............................................. 86 71 83 40 32 81 70 52 74100 to 499 workers ............................................ 81 64 78 26 21 83 69 50 72500 workers or more .......................................... 90 79 88 56 45 80 70 54 77

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 59 83 30 26 85 57 43 75New England ..................................................... 72 60 83 29 24 84 59 47 80Middle Atlantic ................................................... 70 59 84 30 26 86 57 42 74

South ..................................................................... 70 52 75 25 20 81 60 40 66South Atlantic .................................................... 70 53 75 26 20 76 63 41 65East South Central ............................................ 71 52 73 26 22 84 62 41 65West South Central ........................................... 68 52 77 23 20 88 54 38 70

Midwest ................................................................. 72 57 79 24 20 82 63 46 73East North Central ............................................. 71 57 80 25 20 81 64 47 74West North Central ............................................ 74 58 78 24 20 83 62 45 72

West ...................................................................... 71 58 82 25 20 80 58 45 76Mountain ............................................................ 75 63 84 25 19 79 62 49 80Pacific ................................................................ 69 56 80 25 21 81 57 42 75

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation.2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types.4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" atwww.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 4

Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019

Characteristics




rate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7


Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.9Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.9 0.8 1.7 1.3 1.9Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.0 1.0 2.3 2.3 0.7 1.6 1.3 2.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.1 2.6 1.2 2.8 2.5 3.1 2.6 3.0 1.7Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.1 2.1 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.0 2.3

Protective service .............................................. 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 1.3 3.8 3.1 6.4Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.7 4.1 1.6 1.2 1.4Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.5Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.4 2.3 2.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.0 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.8Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.7 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.1

Production ......................................................... 2.4 2.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.3Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 2.0 1.5 2.3 1.9 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6Part time ................................................................ 1.5 0.9 1.6 0.7 0.6 2.1 1.3 0.7 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.6 1.6 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.3Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:4Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 0.9 1.4 0.4 0.4 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 1.3 2.2 0.6 0.5 4.9 2.1 1.1 2.0Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.7Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.1


Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.9 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.9 1.8 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.6 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.5Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.1 0.9 2.4Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 2.1 1.2 1.7 1.4 2.8 2.9 2.4 1.2Hospitals .................................................... 1.2 1.9 1.3 3.3 2.9 3.6 1.8 2.5 1.8

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 2.5


Page 5

Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March2019—continued

Characteristics




rate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.11 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.450 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.1 3.0 2.2 1.8 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.1New England ..................................................... 3.1 2.6 1.2 1.7 1.6 3.7 2.6 2.4 1.3Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 2.0 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.5 2.2 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.8East South Central ............................................ 4.3 5.8 3.8 3.9 3.4 2.3 3.3 4.5 4.0West South Central ........................................... 2.3 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.7 1.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2East North Central ............................................. 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5West North Central ............................................ 3.3 1.9 1.7 2.4 1.7 1.9 2.6 1.5 1.7

West ...................................................................... 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.2 2.0 2.0 1.1 1.6Mountain ............................................................ 1.4 1.1 1.2 3.4 2.4 4.3 3.0 2.2 1.4Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 1.2 2.1 1.8 1.4 2.1 2.5 1.2 2.2

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation.2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types.4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" atwww.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.


Page 6

Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, civilianworkers,1 March 2019


Characteristics

Definedbenefit and

definedcontribution

Definedbenefit only

Definedcontribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 15 11 45


Management, professional, and related ................ 24 15 46Management, business, and financial ............... 25 7 56Professional and related .................................... 24 19 42

Teachers ........................................................ 28 46 13Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 28 60 7

Registered nurses ......................................... 35 9 45Service ................................................................... 6 10 32

Protective service .............................................. 20 33 24Sales and office ..................................................... 13 7 54

Sales and related ............................................... 7 3 58Office and administrative support ...................... 17 10 51

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 14 9 41Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. 13 11 36

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 15 7 46Production, transportation, and material moving ... 14 9 50

Production ......................................................... 16 3 55Transportation and material moving .................. 12 14 46

Full time ................................................................. 18 12 50Part time ................................................................ 4 6 29

Union ..................................................................... 32 47 15Nonunion ............................................................... 12 5 50

Average wage within the following categories:2Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 4 38

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 2 29Second 25 percent ............................................ 11 10 50Third 25 percent ................................................ 19 14 51Highest 25 percent ............................................ 30 17 43

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 32 13 45


Goods-producing industries ................................... 18 4 55

Service-providing industries .................................. 15 12 43Education and health services ........................... 20 22 38

Educational services ...................................... 27 46 15Elementary and secondary schools ........... 25 61 5Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 37 22 32

Health care and social assistance ................. 15 7 52Hospitals .................................................... 39 10 44

Public administration ......................................... 32 55 4


Page 7

Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, civilianworkers,1 March 2019—continued


Characteristics

Definedbenefit and

definedcontribution

Definedbenefit only

Definedcontribution

only

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 6 441 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 4 4250 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 10 50

100 workers or more .............................................. 24 16 46100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 12 56500 workers or more .......................................... 36 20 35

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 17 13 41New England ..................................................... 16 13 43Middle Atlantic ................................................... 17 13 40

South ..................................................................... 16 9 44South Atlantic .................................................... 19 7 44East South Central ............................................ 17 9 45West South Central ........................................... 9 13 45

Midwest ................................................................. 16 9 48East North Central ............................................. 17 8 47West North Central ............................................ 12 12 50

West ...................................................................... 13 13 46Mountain ............................................................ 12 13 50Pacific ................................................................ 13 12 44

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note forfurther explanation.

2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for theoccupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. Thecategories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of EmployeeBenefit Terms" atwww.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.


Page 8

Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Definedbenefit and

definedcontribution

Definedbenefit only

Definedcontribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.8


Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.5 1.2Management, business, and financial ............... 1.3 0.7 1.7Professional and related .................................... 0.8 0.8 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 1.7 1.2Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 1.4 2.0 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.8 1.2 3.6Service ................................................................... 0.4 0.7 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.0 2.8 4.0Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.3 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.3 1.8Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.4 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 0.8 1.6Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. 1.7 1.3 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 0.9 2.2Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 0.9 1.7

Production ......................................................... 1.3 0.4 2.1Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 1.6 2.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.8Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.6 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.6 1.5Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.2 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:2Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.3 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 0.3 2.0Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.1Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.6 1.2Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.7 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 0.9 1.9


Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.6 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.4 0.9Education and health services ........................... 1.0 0.9 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 1.1 0.9Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.8 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.5 1.1 2.7Hospitals .................................................... 3.4 1.4 2.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 1.2 0.9


Page 9

Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Definedbenefit and

definedcontribution

Definedbenefit only

Definedcontribution

only

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.4 1.31 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.4 1.550 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 0.9 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.5 1.0100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 0.7 1.5500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.7 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.7 1.6New England ..................................................... 2.1 1.3 2.5Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 0.8 2.2

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.4 1.2South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.5 2.0East South Central ............................................ 2.8 1.2 1.3West South Central ........................................... 0.7 0.8 2.0

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.5 1.0East North Central ............................................. 1.1 0.4 1.0West North Central ............................................ 1.4 1.4 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.0 2.3Mountain ............................................................ 2.0 2.1 4.1Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 1.0 2.8

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note forfurther explanation.

2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for theoccupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. Thecategories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of EmployeeBenefit Terms" atwww.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.


Page 10

Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, civilianworkers,1 March 2019

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft frozen3

Hard frozen4Allparticipantsstill accruing

benefits

Someparticipantsstill accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 53 38 2 7


Management, professional, and related ................ 48 44 2 7Management, business, and financial ............... 52 33 2 13Professional and related .................................... 46 47 2 5

Teachers ........................................................ 45 55 – –Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 45 54 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 44 38 – –Service ................................................................... 59 39 1 2

Protective service .............................................. 51 48 – –Sales and office ..................................................... 51 37 2 10

Sales and related ............................................... 58 20 1 20Office and administrative support ...................... 50 39 2 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 71 23 1 5Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. 79 17 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 59 31 2 7Production, transportation, and material moving ... 58 29 4 9

Production ......................................................... 41 35 6 18Transportation and material moving .................. 69 26 – –

Full time ................................................................. 52 39 2 7Part time ................................................................ 63 33 – –

Union ..................................................................... 58 40 5( ) 2Nonunion ............................................................... 49 37 3 11

Average wage within the following categories:6Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 54 39 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 57 39 – 4Second 25 percent ............................................ 58 33 3 6Third 25 percent ................................................ 53 39 2 7Highest 25 percent ............................................ 51 41 2 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 48 42 2 9


Goods-producing industries ................................... 50 28 7 15

Service-providing industries .................................. 53 40 1 6Education and health services ........................... 48 48 1 3

Educational services ...................................... 43 56 – –Elementary and secondary schools ........... 44 56 – –Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 42 57 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 60 30 – –Hospitals .................................................... 53 32 – –

Public administration ......................................... 45 55 – –


Page 11

Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, civilianworkers,1 March 2019—continued



Soft frozen3


benefits


benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 59 34 1 71 to 49 workers .................................................. 59 31 1 1050 to 99 workers ................................................ 59 38 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 51 40 2 7100 to 499 workers ............................................ 57 35 3 5500 workers or more .......................................... 48 43 2 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 49 40 2 9New England ..................................................... 52 34 2 12Middle Atlantic ................................................... 48 43 2 8

South ..................................................................... 52 41 2 5South Atlantic .................................................... 59 33 3 5East South Central ............................................ 41 52 4 3West South Central ........................................... 44 48 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 58 33 2 7East North Central ............................................. 58 33 2 7West North Central ............................................ 59 32 5( ) 9

West ...................................................................... 54 39 1 7Mountain ............................................................ 52 40 2 6Pacific ................................................................ 54 38 1 7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.2 Plans open to new participants.3 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants.4 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen.5 Less than 0.5.6 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimatesgenerated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data didnot meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of EmployeeBenefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.


Page 12

Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hardfrozen plans, civilian workers,1 March 2019



Soft frozen3


benefits


benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.5


Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.8Management, business, and financial ............... 2.8 2.2 0.4 1.8Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.4 0.4 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.9 – –Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.1 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 5.2 3.3 – –Service ................................................................... 2.6 2.6 0.2 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 2.7 2.7 – –Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 1.6 0.3 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 5.4 3.7 0.7 3.9Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.6 0.3 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.9 0.5 0.8Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. 1.9 1.8 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.3 3.0 1.1 1.8Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.9 2.3 1.0 1.3

Production ......................................................... 3.5 3.3 1.3 3.0Transportation and material moving .................. 3.3 2.8 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.5Part time ................................................................ 3.5 3.5 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.2Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:5Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 2.6 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 7.3 7.4 – 1.6Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 1.7 0.6 0.9Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.6Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.9 0.5 1.1


Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.8 2.2 1.3 1.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.5Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.5 0.4 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.3 – –Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 1.6 – –Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.5 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.2 3.5 – –Hospitals .................................................... 5.2 2.9 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 1.6 – –


Page 13

Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hardfrozen plans, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued



Soft frozen3


benefits


benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.5 0.3 1.11 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.7 2.2 0.2 1.950 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 2.2 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.6100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 1.8 0.5 0.7500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 1.4 0.4 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.4 0.4 0.9New England ..................................................... 2.4 2.3 0.7 2.1Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 1.9 0.5 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.8 1.5 0.4 0.8South Atlantic .................................................... 2.8 2.3 0.6 1.1East South Central ............................................ 2.9 2.9 0.8 0.8West South Central ........................................... 1.9 1.9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 1.9 0.8 1.5East North Central ............................................. 3.0 2.3 1.2 2.0West North Central ............................................ 4.1 3.2 0.1 2.1

West ...................................................................... 2.2 2.4 0.4 0.9Mountain ............................................................ 4.4 5.5 0.7 2.1Pacific ................................................................ 2.5 2.5 0.4 1.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.2 Plans open to new participants.3 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants.4 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen.5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may


Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, keyprovisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" atwww.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.


Page 14

Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,civilian workers,2 March 2019

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers orstopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than5 years

All workers ............................................................. 4( ) 9 91


Management, professional, and related ................ 1 7 92Management, business, and financial ............... 1 8 91Professional and related .................................... 4( ) 7 92

Teachers ........................................................ 1 6 94Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 1 6 93

Registered nurses ......................................... – 17 83Service ................................................................... – – 87

Protective service .............................................. – 8 92Sales and office ..................................................... – – 91

Sales and related ............................................... – – 96Office and administrative support ...................... – – 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 90Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. – 5 95

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 87Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 88

Production ......................................................... – 14 86Transportation and material moving .................. – – 90

Full time ................................................................. 4( ) 8 91Part time ................................................................ – – 88

Union ..................................................................... 4( ) 5 94Nonunion ............................................................... 1 11 88

Average wage within the following categories:5Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 85

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 74Second 25 percent ............................................ 4( ) 11 89Third 25 percent ................................................ 4( ) 9 90Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 7 93

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 5 94


Goods-producing industries ................................... – 9 91

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 9 91Education and health services ........................... 4( ) 9 91

Educational services ...................................... 1 6 94Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1 5 94Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 93

Health care and social assistance ................. – 20 80Hospitals .................................................... – 9 91

Public administration ......................................... – 10 90


Page 15

Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued


Characteristics



1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 9 911 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 8850 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 95

100 workers or more .............................................. 4( ) 9 91100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 90500 workers or more .......................................... 4( ) 8 91

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 7 93New England ..................................................... – – 90Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 6 94

South ..................................................................... – 10 90South Atlantic .................................................... – 7 93East South Central ............................................ – 24 76West South Central ........................................... – 7 93

Midwest ................................................................. 2 10 88East North Central ............................................. 2 7 91West North Central ............................................ – – 82

West ...................................................................... – – 93Mountain ............................................................ – – 95Pacific ................................................................ – – 92

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants.2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation.3 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2018 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2014 and 2017 are included inthe "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2014 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column.

4 Less than 0.5.5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categorieswere formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in thiscategory or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and relatedterms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" atwww.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.


Page 16

Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1Selected attributes, civilian workers,2 March 2019

Characteristics



All workers ............................................................. 0.1 0.7 0.7


Management, professional, and related ................ 0.1 0.6 0.6Management, business, and financial ............... 0.3 1.2 1.3Professional and related .................................... 0.1 0.7 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 0.1 1.3 1.3Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 0.1 1.4 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... – 4.0 4.0Service ................................................................... – – 2.5

Protective service .............................................. – 1.9 1.9Sales and office ..................................................... – – 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... – – 1.6Office and administrative support ...................... – – 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 2.3Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. – 2.1 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 3.6Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 2.5

Production ......................................................... – 4.0 4.0Transportation and material moving .................. – – 2.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 0.7 0.7Part time ................................................................ – – 3.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.1 0.8 0.8Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.1 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:4Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 4.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 17.8Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 1.2 1.2Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.2 1.3 1.3Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 0.6 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.2 0.7 0.7


Goods-producing industries ................................... – 2.3 2.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.1 0.8 0.8Education and health services ........................... 0.1 1.1 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 0.1 1.0 1.0Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.2 1.0 1.0Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 3.8 3.8Hospitals .................................................... – 2.0 2.0

Public administration ......................................... – 1.4 1.4


Page 17

Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1Selected attributes, civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

Characteristics



1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 2.1 2.11 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 3.550 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.1 0.8 0.8100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 1.6500 workers or more .......................................... 0.1 0.9 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 1.4 1.4New England ..................................................... – – 4.5Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 1.1 1.1

South ..................................................................... – 1.4 1.4South Atlantic .................................................... – 1.2 1.2East South Central ............................................ – 5.5 5.5West South Central ........................................... – 1.3 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 0.5 1.5 1.6East North Central ............................................. 0.5 1.4 1.5West North Central ............................................ – – 3.7

West ...................................................................... – – 1.2Mountain ............................................................ – – 1.4Pacific ................................................................ – – 1.6

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants.2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation.3 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2018 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2014 and 2017 are included inthe "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2014 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column.

4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for theoccupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categorieswere formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions ofmajor plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" atwww.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.


Page 18

Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March 2019


CharacteristicsNo

alternative tofrozen plans

Alternativesto frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans3

Modifiedexistingdefined

benefit plan

New definedbenefit plan

Enhancedexistingdefined

contributionplan

New definedcontribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 3 97 60 12 15 23


Management, professional, and related ................ 2 98 66 9 15 22Management, business, and financial ............... 2 98 45 11 27 26Professional and related .................................... 2 98 72 8 12 20

Service ................................................................... 1 99 78 9 4 21Sales and office ..................................................... 6 94 47 12 22 26

Sales and related ............................................... 17 83 8 7 44 32Office and administrative support ...................... 4 96 53 12 18 26

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 95 55 17 11 19Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 95 30 26 21 31

Production ......................................................... – 100 14 35 34 35

Full time ................................................................. 2 98 61 12 16 23Part time ................................................................ 14 86 54 9 7 22

Union ..................................................................... 1 99 78 11 5 20Nonunion ............................................................... 5 95 47 12 22 26

Average wage within the following categories:4Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 9 91 62 9 13 18Second 25 percent ............................................ 3 97 58 12 17 26Third 25 percent ................................................ 3 97 57 14 11 26Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 98 62 10 18 21

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 99 57 11 22 24


Goods-producing industries ................................... 2 98 15 28 41 34

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 97 67 9 11 22Education and health services ........................... 2 98 83 5 3 21

Health care and social assistance ................. 6 94 46 10 11 33Public administration ......................................... – 100 90 8 – 19


Page 19

Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March2019—continued


CharacteristicsNo



plans

Alternatives to frozen plans3


benefit plan



contributionplan


plan

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 98 63 9 12 251 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 97 55 9 14 27

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 97 59 12 16 23100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 94 60 11 14 24500 workers or more .......................................... 2 98 59 13 17 22

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2 98 63 7 14 27Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3 97 67 7 12 27

South ..................................................................... 4 96 59 14 14 28South Atlantic .................................................... 7 93 49 15 17 40West South Central ........................................... 2 98 69 9 9 14

Midwest ................................................................. 2 98 56 15 14 22East North Central ............................................. 2 98 52 16 14 27

West ...................................................................... 4 96 63 9 20 12Mountain ............................................................ 3 97 65 9 20 11Pacific ................................................................ 4 96 63 10 21 12

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants.2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.3 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative.4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publicationcriteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" atwww.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.


Page 20

Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilianworkers,2 March 2019

CharacteristicsNo



plans

Alternatives to frozen plans


benefit plan



contributionplan


plan

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.1


Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6 1.5 0.8 1.3 1.2Management, business, and financial ............... 0.6 0.6 2.9 1.5 2.5 2.6Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7 1.6 0.9 1.2 1.2

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.5 3.0 1.6 1.0 2.4Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.6 2.0

Sales and related ............................................... 3.7 3.7 2.8 1.9 5.6 6.3Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 2.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.3 2.3 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 1.6 2.5 3.6 2.7 4.3

Production ......................................................... – 0.0 2.0 5.1 4.2 5.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0Part time ................................................................ 2.7 2.7 4.3 2.3 1.8 4.9

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.6 1.5Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:3Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7 3.5 2.3 2.8 2.3Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.7Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.5 2.3 1.7 1.8 2.2


Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.6 0.6 2.8 3.3 3.2 4.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.0Education and health services ........................... 0.8 0.8 1.9 1.0 0.7 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 2.9 4.5 3.0 3.0 4.5Public administration ......................................... – 0.0 1.5 1.3 – 1.7


Page 21

Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilianworkers,2 March 2019—continued

CharacteristicsNo



plans

Alternatives to frozen plans


benefit plan



contributionplan


plan

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.8 2.7 1.1 1.5 2.71 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 1.1 4.1 1.7 2.1 4.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.2100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.0 2.1 1.7 1.7 2.7500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 0.7 2.2 1.0 1.8 2.7Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.8 0.8 2.2 1.1 1.9 2.7

South ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.5South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.8 2.0 2.4West South Central ........................................... 0.6 0.6 2.7 2.0 2.5 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.9 2.5 2.2 2.7East North Central ............................................. 0.7 0.7 2.1 3.4 2.9 3.8

West ...................................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.2Mountain ............................................................ 1.5 1.5 2.4 2.5 3.9 1.2Pacific ................................................................ 0.7 0.7 1.9 1.5 2.2 1.6

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants.2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.


Page 22

Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, civilianworkers,1 March 2019

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

CharacteristicsEmployee contribution Employee contributionoption

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 69 31 83 17


Management, professional, and related ................ 67 33 84 16Management, business, and financial ............... 70 30 86 14Professional and related .................................... 66 34 82 18

Teachers ........................................................ 70 30 92 8Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 76 24 97 3

Registered nurses ......................................... 61 39 77 23Service ................................................................... 69 31 85 15

Protective service .............................................. 65 35 91 9Sales and office ..................................................... 73 27 85 15

Sales and related ............................................... 78 22 86 14Office and administrative support ...................... 71 29 84 16

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 67 33 82 18Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. 59 41 77 23

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 74 26 86 14Production, transportation, and material moving ... 70 30 81 19

Production ......................................................... 71 29 81 19Transportation and material moving .................. 69 31 81 19

Full time ................................................................. 69 31 83 17Part time ................................................................ 73 27 85 15

Union ..................................................................... 61 39 77 23Nonunion ............................................................... 70 30 84 16

Average wage within the following categories:2Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 23 86 14

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 74 26 84 16Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 30 84 16Third 25 percent ................................................ 68 32 82 18Highest 25 percent ............................................ 67 33 83 17

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 67 33 83 17


Goods-producing industries ................................... 68 32 80 20

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 30 84 16Education and health services ........................... 63 37 82 18

Educational services ...................................... 66 34 91 9Elementary and secondary schools ........... 69 31 92 8Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 63 37 89 11

Health care and social assistance ................. 63 37 79 21Hospitals .................................................... 65 35 82 18

Public administration ......................................... 65 35 89 11


Page 23

Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, civilianworkers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)



1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 69 31 83 171 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 32 83 1750 to 99 workers ................................................ 71 29 85 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 30 84 16100 to 499 workers ............................................ 72 28 85 15500 workers or more .......................................... 67 33 82 18

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 63 37 81 19New England ..................................................... 64 36 80 20Middle Atlantic ................................................... 63 37 81 19

South ..................................................................... 73 27 82 18South Atlantic .................................................... 71 29 81 19East South Central ............................................ 76 24 81 19West South Central ........................................... 76 24 85 15

Midwest ................................................................. 69 31 84 16East North Central ............................................. 68 32 84 16West North Central ............................................ 73 27 83 17

West ...................................................................... 69 31 87 13Mountain ............................................................ 72 28 87 13Pacific ................................................................ 67 33 87 13

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may


Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category ordata did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary ofEmployee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.


Page 24

Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selectedattributes, civilian workers,1 March 2019



All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6


Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.9Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 2.9 2.9 2.0 2.0Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 4.6 4.6 1.1 1.1

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7Service ................................................................... 2.8 2.8 1.7 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 5.2 5.2 2.0 2.0Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.4 2.4 1.5 1.5

Production ......................................................... 2.7 2.7 1.2 1.2Transportation and material moving .................. 3.9 3.9 3.1 3.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7Part time ................................................................ 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.5 3.5 2.6 2.6Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0


Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.8 0.8 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8Education and health services ........................... 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 1.9 0.9 0.9Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.7 3.7 1.7 1.7Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 2.0 0.9 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 2.6 1.9 1.9Hospitals .................................................... 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4

Public administration ......................................... 3.2 3.2 1.7 1.7


Page 25

Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selectedattributes, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued



1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.11 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.350 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.8New England ..................................................... 3.1 3.1 1.9 1.9Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.6

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.7South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0East South Central ............................................ 4.7 4.7 1.9 1.9West South Central ........................................... 2.4 2.4 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2East North Central ............................................. 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.3West North Central ............................................ 1.6 1.6 2.4 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.9

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may


Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, keyprovisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" atwww.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.


Page 26

Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2March 2019


Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care


rate

All workers ............................................................. 72 58 81 71 52 73


Management, professional, and related ................ 88 75 85 88 67 76Management, business, and financial ............... 94 80 84 94 71 75Professional and related .................................... 85 74 86 85 65 76

Teachers ........................................................ 86 73 85 85 64 75Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 95 80 84 95 71 75

Registered nurses ......................................... 89 75 84 88 64 73Service ................................................................... 48 35 72 48 30 63

Protective service .............................................. 74 60 81 74 52 70Sales and office ..................................................... 70 55 78 69 49 71

Sales and related ............................................... 55 39 71 54 35 65Office and administrative support ...................... 79 64 81 78 57 73

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 74 62 83 74 58 78Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. 70 58 82 70 55 78

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 78 66 84 78 61 78Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 62 81 76 56 73

Production ......................................................... 81 66 82 81 60 75Transportation and material moving .................. 73 58 79 72 52 71

Full time ................................................................. 87 72 82 87 64 74Part time ................................................................ 23 15 63 22 12 56

Union ..................................................................... 95 84 88 94 75 80Nonunion ............................................................... 68 54 79 68 48 71

Average wage within the following categories:4Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 41 27 66 40 24 61

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 26 16 61 26 15 57Second 25 percent ............................................ 74 58 79 74 52 70Third 25 percent ................................................ 89 75 85 88 67 76Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 81 87 93 71 77

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 83 89 94 73 78


Goods-producing industries ................................... 85 72 84 85 65 77

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 56 80 69 50 72Education and health services ........................... 78 65 83 77 56 72

Educational services ...................................... 87 74 86 86 66 76Elementary and secondary schools ........... 89 75 84 88 66 75Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 79 89 90 71 79

Health care and social assistance ................. 73 59 80 72 50 70Hospitals .................................................... 92 79 85 91 66 73

Public administration ......................................... 90 81 90 90 72 80

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 57 45 78 57 40 711 to 49 workers .................................................. 52 41 79 52 37 7150 to 99 workers ................................................ 72 55 77 72 50 69

100 workers or more .............................................. 87 72 83 86 63 74


Page 27

Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued


Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drugcoverage



rate

All workers ............................................................. 45 35 78 27 22 81 70 51 73


Management, professional, and related ................ 61 48 79 37 30 82 87 66 76Management, business, and financial ............... 64 51 79 38 31 82 92 70 75Professional and related .................................... 60 47 79 37 30 82 84 64 76

Teachers ........................................................ 54 42 77 33 27 82 84 63 75Primary, secondary, and special educationschool teachers ........................................ 57 44 77 34 29 84 93 70 75

Registered nurses ......................................... 61 46 75 36 30 81 87 63 73Service ................................................................... 28 20 73 17 13 76 46 29 63

Protective service .............................................. 45 38 84 31 24 77 70 52 74Sales and office ..................................................... 41 32 77 24 19 80 68 48 71

Sales and related ............................................... 28 20 72 15 11 77 52 34 65Office and administrative support ...................... 49 38 78 30 24 80 77 56 73

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 39 33 85 27 23 85 73 57 78Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, andforestry ............................................................. 34 29 85 24 22 89 69 54 78

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 44 37 85 30 24 82 76 59 78Production, transportation, and material moving ... 47 38 81 30 24 80 76 55 73

Production ......................................................... 49 40 82 30 24 81 80 59 74Transportation and material moving .................. 45 36 79 30 24 78 72 51 71

Full time ................................................................. 55 43 79 33 27 81 85 63 74Part time ................................................................ 13 9 68 8 6 72 21 12 56

Union ..................................................................... 74 62 84 56 48 85 93 74 80Nonunion ............................................................... 40 31 77 23 18 79 67 47 71

Average wage within the following categories:4Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 18 13 69 10 7 70 39 24 61

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 11 7 69 6 4 63 25 14 58Second 25 percent ............................................ 42 33 78 25 20 80 72 51 70Third 25 percent ................................................ 58 46 79 36 30 82 87 66 76Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 55 81 43 36 83 91 70 77

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 74 59 80 49 41 83 93 72 77


Goods-producing industries ................................... 52 44 85 33 28 84 84 64 76

Service-providing industries .................................. 44 34 77 26 21 80 68 49 72Education and health services ........................... 52 39 75 29 24 82 76 55 72

Educational services ...................................... 55 43 77 33 27 81 85 65 76Elementary and secondary schools ........... 53 41 77 32 27 84 87 65 75Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 64 50 78 37 27 75 89 70 79

Health care and social assistance ................. 50 37 74 26 22 83 70 49 70Hospitals .................................................... 69 53 76 40 32 80 88 64 72

Public administration ......................................... 61 54 89 43 37 86 89 72 80

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 32 25 77 19 16 81 56 39 711 to 49 workers .................................................. 29 22 78 18 14 82 51 36 7150 to 99 workers ................................................ 41 32 76 24 19 77 70 48 69

100 workers or more .............................................. 58 46 79 36 29 81 85 63 74


Page 28

Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2March 2019—continued


Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care


rate

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 83 67 80 82 59 72500 workers or more .......................................... 91 77 85 90 68 76

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 72 59 82 71 51 72New England ..................................................... 73 62 84 73 53 72Middle Atlantic ................................................... 71 58 81 70 51 72

South ..................................................................... 71 56 78 71 51 71South Atlantic .................................................... 70 55 78 70 50 71East South Central ............................................ 73 58 79 73 53 72West South Central ........................................... 72 56 77 72 51 71

Midwest ................................................................. 70 57 80 70 50 71East North Central ............................................. 70 57 80 69 50 72West North Central ............................................ 71 57 80 71 49 70

West ...................................................................... 75 64 85 74 56 76Mountain ............................................................ 74 62 83 74 54 74Pacific ................................................................ 75 65 86 74 57 76


Page 29

Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued


Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drugcoverage



rate

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 51 39 77 31 25 80 81 58 72500 workers or more .......................................... 66 53 80 41 34 81 89 68 76

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 49 39 79 29 23 82 70 51 72New England ..................................................... 48 39 80 18 14 78 70 51 72Middle Atlantic ....................................

employee benefits in the united states, march 2019and the coverage, costs, and provisions of...

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